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Shen W, Ren X, Zhu J, Xu Y, Lin J, Li Y, Zhao F, Zheng H, Li R, Cui X, Zhang X, Lu X, Zheng Z. Discovery of a new structural class of competitive hDHODH inhibitors with in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:205-212. [PMID: 27597161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) is an inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme that involves in the fourth step of the biosynthesis of pyrimidine base. Inhibitors of hDHODH have been proven efficacy for the treatments of inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and cancer. In the present study, ascochlorin (ASC) and its derivatives, natural compounds from fungal metabolites, were discovered as hDHODH inhibitors by high-throughput screening. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that ASC competitively binds to hDHODH at the site of coenzyme Q substrate. In ex vivo study, ASC significantly inhibited the ConA-stimulated T lymphocytes proliferation and interleukin-2, interferon-γ production. Furthermore, ASC showed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects on the mice ears swelling, allogenic skin grafts and rat collagen-induced arthritis animal disease models. ASC significantly reduced ears edema level of mice, increased the survival time of allogenic skin implanted on the mice and attenuated arthritis severity of rat model. In conclusion, ASC was identified as a new structural class of hDHODH inhibitors with efficient anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive activity, and may be a promising candidate for the development of new therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Shen
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Ren
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Jingtong Zhu
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Xu
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Lin
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Yeying Li
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Haizhou Zheng
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Xuexia Zhang
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- New Drug Research & Development Center, North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, No. 388 Heping East Road, Shijiazhuang 050015, Hebei, China.
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Abstract
An increasing number of immunosuppressive drugs became available for clinical use over the past few decades. These include substances with recently recognized immunosuppressive properties, which needed careful evaluation in various trials before they could be approved for use in different diseases. The effectiveness of other agents was already established, but knowledge about their modes of action or the mechanisms that lead to side effects was acquired much later. This understanding also contributed to the development of new drugs that display synergistic effects or lack certain adverse effects. The greater choice afforded by such research endeavours allows us to select the best therapeutic strategy for an individual patient; however, this requires a comprehensive knowledge of the available options. The present review provides an update of current knowledge of the most important substances (including calcineurin and target of rapamycin inhibitors, regulators of gene expression, and inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis) and surveys some of the novel agents that are expected to play an important role in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pohanka
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
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