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Toby TK, Abecassis M, Kim K, Thomas PM, Fellers RT, LeDuc RD, Kelleher NL, Demetris J, Levitsky J. Proteoforms in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Novel Rejection Biomarkers in Liver Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2458-2467. [PMID: 28510335 PMCID: PMC5612406 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker profiles of acute rejection in liver transplant recipients could enhance the diagnosis and management of recipients. Our aim was to identify diagnostic proteoform signatures of acute rejection in circulating immune cells, using an emergent "top-down" proteomics methodology. We prepared differentially processed and cryopreserved cell lysates from 26 nonviral liver transplant recipients by molecular weight-based fractionation and analyzed them by mass spectrometry of whole proteins in three steps: (i) Nanocapillary liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry; (ii) database searching to identify and characterize intact proteoforms; (iii) data processing through a hierarchical linear model matching the study design to quantify proteoform fold changes in patients with rejection versus normal liver function versus acute dysfunction without rejection. Differentially expressed proteoforms were seen in patients with rejection versus normal and nonspecific controls, most evidently in the cell preparations stored in traditional serum-rich media. Mapping analysis of these proteins back to genes through gene ontology and pathway analysis tools revealed multiple signaling pathways, including inflammation mediated by cytokines and chemokines. Larger studies are needed to validate these novel rejection signatures and test their predictive value for use in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Toby
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - K. Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - P. M. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL,National Resource for Translational & Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - R. T. Fellers
- National Resource for Translational & Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - R. D. LeDuc
- National Resource for Translational & Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - N. L. Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL,National Resource for Translational & Developmental Proteomics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Demetris
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J. Levitsky
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,Corresponding author: Josh Levitsky,
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Botella C, Marín L, Moya-Quiles R, Miras M, Sánchez-Bueno F, Minguela A, Bermejo J, Parrilla P, Alvarez-López R, Muro M. Lack of association between the -403G/A promoter polymorphism in the human CCL5/RANTES chemokine gene in liver transplant outcome. Transpl Int 2006; 19:98-104. [PMID: 16441357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines play a major role in the inflammatory and immune responses that mediate allograft outcome. CCL5/RANTES expansion chemokine is potent eosinophil, monocyte, basophils and lymphocyte chemoattractant and has recently been studied in transplantation with discrepant results, but systemic concentrations have been correlated to liver graft survival and incidence of rejection. Recent studies revealed that a functional mutation at -403 in the promoter may have a significance for inflammatory and infectious immune responses. Our objective was to investigate CCL5/RANTES promoter polymorphism in rejection and graft survival in liver transplant. We examined the CCL5/RANTES polymorphism in a series of 218 liver transplants and 101 healthy Caucasian subjects. CCL5/RANTES genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). After comparing recipients (with acute rejection episodes versus without rejection) with the control population, we found no significant deviation in the distribution of the alleles or genotypes of CCL5/RANTES dimorphism in any comparison (P > 0.05). Indeed, 5 years allograft survival was 61.3% in recipients with the GG genotype against 58.8% in recipients with the GA and AA genotypes. These differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, human CCL5/RANTES gene promoter polymorphism does not seem to influence acute rejection development and allograft survival in liver recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Botella
- Immunology Service, University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia 30120, Spain
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Abstract
Chemokines have been shown to play a critical role in the recruitment of leukocytes to transplanted organs. Animal models and clinical studies have demonstrated predictable temporal and spatial correlations between chemokine production and leukocyte infiltration into allografts. Antagonism of chemokines or chemokine receptors has been shown to delay leukocyte infiltration and prolong graft function, demonstrating an important role for chemokines in allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek el-Sawy
- Department of Immunology and the Urological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB3-79, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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