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Xiao W, Pinilla-Baquero A, Faulkner J, Song X, Prabhakar P, Qiu H, Moremen KW, Ludwig A, Dempsey PJ, Azadi P, Wang L. Robo4 is constitutively shed by ADAMs from endothelial cells and the shed Robo4 functions to inhibit Slit3-induced angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4352. [PMID: 35288626 PMCID: PMC8921330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that expresses specifically in endothelial cells. Soluble Robo4 was reported in the human plasma and mouse serum and is inhibitory towards FGF- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. It remains unknown how soluble Robo4 is generated and if soluble Robo4 regulates additional angiogenic signaling. Here, we report soluble Robo4 is the product of constitutive ectodomain shedding of endothelial cell surface Robo4 by disintegrin metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and acts to inhibit angiogenic Slit3 signaling. Meanwhile, the ligand Slit3 induces cell surface receptor Robo4 endocytosis to shield Robo4 from shedding, showing Slit3 inhibits Robo4 shedding to enhance Robo4 signaling. Our study delineated ADAM10 and ADAM17 are Robo4 sheddases, and ectodomain shedding, including negative regulation by its ligand Slit3, represents a novel control mechanism of Robo4 signaling in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Alejandro Pinilla-Baquero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - John Faulkner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - Xuehong Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA
| | - Pradeep Prabhakar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hong Qiu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL33613, USA.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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The role of ligand-binding assay and LC-MS in the bioanalysis of complex protein and oligonucleotide therapeutics. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:931-954. [PMID: 33998268 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-binding assay (LBA) and LC-MS have been the preferred bioanalytical techniques for the quantitation and biotransformation assessment of various therapeutic modalities. This review provides an overview of the applications of LBA, LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS for the bioanalysis of complex protein therapeutics including antibody-drug conjugates, fusion proteins and PEGylated proteins as well as oligonucleotide therapeutics. The strengths and limitations of LBA and LC-MS, along with some guidelines on the choice of appropriate bioanalytical technique(s) for the bioanalysis of these therapeutic modalities are presented. With the discovery of novel and more complex therapeutic modalities, there is an increased need for the biopharmaceutical industry to develop a comprehensive bioanalytical strategy integrating both LBA and LC-MS.
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Wang H, Cui H, Lin L, Ji Y, Ni Q, Li J, Pang J, Bing G, Bian Y. The effects of a hirudin/liposome complex on a diabetic nephropathy rat model. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 31170978 PMCID: PMC6554961 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Hirudin, an extract from Hirudo spp., is an anticoagulant used to treat a variety of renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Currently, hirudin has to be used at high dosages to treat DN because it poorly targets the kidneys, although at high dosages it can have severe side effects. Developing a targeted drug delivery system for hirudin, then, could boost its positive therapeutic effects while lowering the risk of side effects. Liposomes have been demonstrated to have significant renal targeting potential, but here we show that a hirudin-loaded liposome is an effective delivery method for patients with DN. Method In this study, we prepared a hirudin/liposome complex and tested its efficacy by injecting it into a rat model. We then compared the renal accumulation of hirudin between complex-injected rat models and rat models that received injections of hirudin alone. We also investigated the mechanisms behind the complex’s effects. Result The hirudin/liposome complex increased the accumulation of hirudin in kidney tissues and relieved the renal injury in DN rat models. Moreover, the hirudin/liposome complex down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF in the kidneys. Conclusion We demonstrated that a hirudin/liposome complex can have a significant positive effect on DN. The mechanism may be that the complex inhibits the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1.
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Yin L, Su C, Ren T, Meng X, Shi M, Paul Fawcett J, Zhang M, Hu W, Gu J. MS All strategy for comprehensive quantitative analysis of PEGylated-doxorubicin, PEG and doxorubicin by LC-high resolution q-q-TOF mass spectrometry coupled with all window acquisition of all fragment ion spectra. Analyst 2018; 142:4279-4288. [PMID: 29022970 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to therapeutic compounds (known as PEGylation) is one of the most promising techniques to improve the biological efficacy of small molecular weight drugs. After administration, PEGylated prodrugs can be metabolized into pharmacologically active compounds so that PEGylated drug, free drug and released PEG are present simultaneously in the body. Understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior of these three compounds is needed to guide the development of pegylated theranostic agents. However, PEGs are polydisperse molecules with a wide range of molecular weights, so that the simultaneous quantitation of PEGs and PEGylated molecules in biological matrices is very challenging. This article reports the application of a data-independent acquisition method (MSAll) based on liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-q-q-TOF-MS) in the positive ion mode to the simultaneous determination of methoxyPEG2000-doxorubicin (mPEG2K-Dox) and its breakdown products in rat blood. Using the MSAll technique, precursor ions of all molecules are generated in q1, fragmented to product ions in q2 (collision cell), and subjected to TOF separation before precursor and product ions are recorded using low and high collision energies (CE) respectively in different experiments for a single sample injection. In this study, dissociation in q2 generated a series of high resolution PEG-related product ions at m/z 89.0611, 133.0869, 177.1102, 221.1366, 265.1622, 309.1878, and 353.2108 corresponding to fragments containing various numbers of ethylene oxide subunits, Dox-related product ions at m/z 321.0838 and 361.0785, and an mPEG2K-Dox specific product ion at m/z 365.0735. Detection of mPEGs and mPEG2K-Dox was based on high resolution extracted ions of mPEG and the specific compound. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of doxorubicin, mPEG2K (methylated polyethylene glycol 2K), and mPEG2K-doxorubicin in rats after a single intravenous injection of mPEG2K-doxorubicin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first assay that simultaneously determines mPEG, Dox, and mPEG2K-Dox in a biological matrix. We believe the MSAll technique as applied in this study can be potentially extended to the determination of other PEGylated small molecules or polymeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Dongminzhu Street, Changchun 130061, PR China.
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Shahraki S, Mansouri-Torshizi H. Spectroscopic Characterization on the Interaction Between Synthesized Platinum(II)-Based Drug and Human Serum Albumin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alvares RDA, Hasabnis A, Prosser RS, Macdonald PM. Quantitative Detection of PEGylated Biomacromolecules in Biological Fluids by NMR. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3730-8. [PMID: 26927487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation, biodistribution, and clearance profiles of therapeutic agents are key factors relevant to their efficacy. Determining these properties constitutes an ongoing experimental challenge. Many such therapeutics, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, tissue scaffolds, and drug delivery vehicles, are conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as this improves their bioavailability and in vivo stability. We demonstrate here that (1)H NMR spectroscopy can be used to quantify PEGylated species in complex biological fluids directly, rapidly, and with minimal sample preparation. PEG bears a large number of spectroscopically equivalent protons exhibiting a narrow NMR line width while resonating at a (1)H NMR frequency distinct from most other biochemical signals. We demonstrate that PEG provides a robust signal allowing detection of concentrations as low as 10 μg/mL in blood. This PEG detection limit is lowered by another order of magnitude when background proton signals are minimized using (13)C-enriched PEG in combination with a double quantum filter to remove (1)H signals from non-(13)C-labeled species. Quantitative detection of PEG via these methods is shown in pig blood and goat serum as examples of complex biological fluids. More practically, we quantify the blood clearance of (13)C-PEG and PEGylated-BSA (bovine serum albumin) following their intravenous injection in live rats. Given the relative insensitivity of line width to PEG size, we anticipate that the biodistribution and clearance profiles of virtually any PEGylated biomacromolecule from biological fluid samples can be routinely measured by (1)H NMR without any filtering or treatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan D A Alvares
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Advait Hasabnis
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5L 1C6
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5L 1C6.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Peter M Macdonald
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5L 1C6
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Test of hirudin activity by tracking the binding of hirudin to thrombin in the presence of BS3 cross-linking. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:823-6. [PMID: 26332983 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hirudin has a great potential in inhibiting thrombin, and its antithrombin activity has direct bearing on its clinical application. Using bovine alpha-thrombin and recombinant hirudin of Poecilobdella javanica purified from Phichia pastoris as materials, this study introduced a novel method to testing antithrombin activity of hirudin visually and dynamically by tracking the binding of hirudin to thrombin. After incubating the mixture of thrombin and hirudin at 37 °C for 5 min, the binding of hirudin to thrombin was cross-linked by bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate for 30 min and visualized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With the aid of image analysis on the basis of INRA-Noésis E1D analysis software, antithrombin activity of hirudin was calculated through intensity variations of protein bands of either thrombin-hirudin compound, unbound thrombin, or unbound hirudin. In this regard, activity of the given hirudin was tested to be 5625 ATU/mg based on a single reaction, and 5675.3 ATU/mg based on a series of reactions in a stepwise manner, close to the result of 6000 ATU/mg concluded by titration method. The superiorities of the method include good accuracy (the minimum testable concentration of hirudin is 1.5 μg/ml) and little sample consumption (sample consumption of hirudin is generally 1-11.5 μl using the apparatus of Mini Protean 3 Cell). Easy operation, low input, and equipment requirement also grant it as an effective way.
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PEG — A versatile conjugating ligand for drugs and drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2014; 192:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cheng TL, Chuang KH, Chen BM, Roffler SR. Analytical Measurement of PEGylated Molecules. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:881-99. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200478w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shi X, Li X, Sun Y, Wei W, Yang R, Zhang H, Jin Y. In Vitro Study of the Binding of Taxifolin to Bovine Serum Albumin and the Influence of Common Ions on the Binding. J SOLUTION CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-010-9516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Online preconcentration of recombinant Arg-Gly-Asp-hirudin using dynamic pH junction for analysis in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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A development of LC–MS method combining ultrafiltration and lyophilization for determination of r-RGD-Hirudin in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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