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Rees PA, Castle J, Clouston HW, Lamb R, Singh U, Duff SE, Kirwan CC. The effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors on proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17184-17192. [PMID: 37455592 PMCID: PMC10501231 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Clotting factors promote cancer development. We investigated if coagulation proteins promote proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and whether their direct inhibitors can attenuate these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS DLD-1 and SW620 cells were treated with tissue factor (0, 50, 100 and 500 pg/mL ± 10 μg/mL 10H10 [anti-tissue factor antibody]), thrombin (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 U/mL ± 0.5 μM dabigatran [thrombin inhibitor]) and Factor Xa, FXa (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 U/mL ± 100 ng/mL rivaroxaban [FXa inhibitor]) and their effects on proliferation and migration were quantified using the PrestoBlue® and transwell migration assays, respectively. RESULTS Thrombin increased proliferation from 48 h treatment compared to its control (48 h 6.57 ± 1.36 u vs. 2.42 ± 0.13 u, p = 0.001, 72 h 9.50 ± 1.54 u vs. 4.50 ± 0.47 u, p = 0.004 and 96 h 10.77 ± 1.72 u vs. 5.57 ± 0.25 u, p = 0.008). This increase in proliferation was attenuated by dabigatran at 72 h (2.23 ± 0.16 u vs. 3.26 ± 0.43 u, p = 0.04). Tissue factor (0 pg/mL 20.7 ± 1.6 cells/view vs. 50 pg/mL 32.4 ± 1.9 cells/view, p = 0.0002), FXa (0.0 U/mL 8.9 ± 1.1 cells/view vs. 10.0 U/mL 17.7 ± 1.7 cells/view, p < 0.0001) and thrombin (0.0 U/mL 8.9 ± 1.3 cells/view vs. 10.0 U/mL 20.2 ± 2.0 cells/view, p < 0.0001) all increased migration compared to their controls. However, their direct inhibitors did not attenuate these increases. CONCLUSION Thrombin, FXa and TF all increase migration in CRC in vitro. Thrombin induced increase in proliferation is abrogated by dabigatran. Dabigatran may have potential as an anti-cancer therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adam Rees
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - John Castle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hamish William Clouston
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Rebecca Lamb
- Department of Life SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Urvashi Singh
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Duff
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Cliona Clare Kirwan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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Lin YS, Kuan FC, Chao TF, Wu M, Chen SW, Chen MC, Chung CM, Chu PH, Lip GYH, Wu VCC. Mortality associated with the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in cancer patients: Dabigatran versus rivaroxaban. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7079-7088. [PMID: 34464520 PMCID: PMC8525135 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assesses the mortality outcomes of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Medical records of cancer patients receiving NOACs for VTE or AF between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2016, were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Institute Research Database. NOACs were compared using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. The primary outcome was cancer‐related death. Secondary outcomes were all‐cause mortality, major bleeding, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Results Among 202,754 patients who received anticoagulants, 3591 patients (dabigatran: 907; rivaroxaban: 2684) with active cancers were studied. Patients who received dabigatran were associated with lower risks of cancer‐related death at one year (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.93) and at the end of follow‐ups (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64–0.98) compared with rivaroxaban. Patients who received dabigatran were also associated with lower risks of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67–0.97), major bleeding (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47–0.88), and GI bleeding (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.84) at the end of follow‐ups compared with rivaroxaban. Conclusion Compared with rivaroxaban, the use of dabigatran may be associated with a lower risk of cancer‐related death and all‐cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Wu
- Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miriam and Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Cheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Chung
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Victor Chien-Chia Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Ungefroren H, Witte D, Rauch BH, Settmacher U, Lehnert H, Gieseler F, Kaufmann R. Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 May Drive Cancer Progression by Facilitating TGF-β Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2494. [PMID: 29165389 PMCID: PMC5713460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been implicated in various aspects of cellular physiology including inflammation, obesity and cancer. In cancer, it usually acts as a driver of cancer progression in various tumor types by promoting invasion and metastasis in response to activation by serine proteinases. Recently, we discovered another mode through which PAR2 may enhance tumorigenesis: crosstalk with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling to promote TGF-β1-induced cell migration/invasion and invasion-associated gene expression in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. In this chapter, we review what is known about the cellular TGF-β responses and signaling pathways affected by PAR2 expression, the signaling activities of PAR2 required for promoting TGF-β signaling, and the potential molecular mechanism(s) that underlie(s) the TGF-β signaling-promoting effect. Since PAR2 is activated through various serine proteinases and biased agonists, it may couple TGF-β signaling to a diverse range of other physiological processes that may or may not predispose cells to cancer development such as local inflammation, systemic coagulation and pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - David Witte
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Department of General Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Utz Settmacher
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Frank Gieseler
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
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Liu X, Yu J, Song S, Yue X, Li Q. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1): a promising molecular target for cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107334-107345. [PMID: 29291033 PMCID: PMC5739818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PAR-1 is expressed not only in epithelium, neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, but also in cancer-associated fibroblasts, ECs (epithelial cells), myocytes of blood vessels, mast cells, and macrophages in tumor microenvironment, whereas PAR-1 stimulates macrophages to synthesize and secrete thrombin as well as other growth factors, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of inhibitors targeting PAR-1. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of PAR-1’s role in cancer invasiveness and dissemination, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting PAR-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shangjin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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