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Mnafgui K, Khdhiri E, Ghazouani L, Ncir M, Zaafouri Z, Allouche N, Elfeki A, Ammar H, Abid S, Hajji R. Anti-embolic and anti-oxidative effects of a novel (E)-4-amino-N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide against isoproterenol and vitamin-K induced ischemic stroke. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:527-540. [PMID: 31469295 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1657900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cerebroprotective potential of a novel synthetic coumarin, (E)-4-amino-N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene) benzohydrazide noted (HC) against a pharmaceutically induced ischemic stroke in experimental male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly allocated into four groups: control, Stroke, Stroke + Ace (acenocoumarol) and Stroke + HC-treated group for 7 days. Our results showed that stroke group evidenced atrial flutter, significant cardiac hypertrophy (+23%) and increase in plasma level of troponin-T, with disturbance in plasma ionic levels and rise in fibrinogen rate and oxidative damages in heart and brain. Moreover, the histological findings revealed myocardium necrosis, cardiac cavity thrombi and brain injury as compared to normal rats. However, HC-treatment significantly prevents the embolic process, improves cerebral damages and mitigates the oxidative stress markers in stroke rats. Overall, HC is endowed with a thrombolytic potential against MI and stroke in such severe conditions through an anti-vit K (AVK) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Khdhiri
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lakhdar Ghazouani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ncir
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhaier Zaafouri
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Team), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Ammar
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raouf Hajji
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
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Andrews MMM, Peruzzaro S, Raupp S, Wilks J, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL. Using the behavioral flexibility operant task to detect long-term deficits in rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:1-7. [PMID: 30107224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and currently only has one FDA approved pharmacological treatment (tissue plasminogen activator), which is only administered to a fraction of stroke patients due to contraindications. New treatments are desperately needed but most treatments fail in clinical trials, even after showing benefit in animal models of stroke. To increase the translatability of animal stroke research to humans, sensitive functional measures for both the acute and chronic stages in animal models of stroke are needed. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of certain behavioral tasks, up to seven weeks following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) in rats. A battery of behavioral tasks, including rotorod, cylinder, and limb-placement, was conducted weekly for seven weeks. Also, a behavioral flexibility operant task was introduced at the end of the study to measure cognitive deficits. All functional outcome measures showed significant differences between stroke and control groups, indicating that these tasks are sensitive enough to detect deficits in a long-term MCAo study in rats. This provides useful information for those trying to increase translatability in their own stroke research by providing long-term sensitive testing paradigms in a relevant stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M M Andrews
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Sarah Peruzzaro
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Shelby Raupp
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Jordin Wilks
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States.
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, United States; Field Neurosciences Inst., 4677 Towne Centre Rd. Suite 101 Saginaw, MI 48604, United States.
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Lim C, Lim S, Lee B, Kim B, Cho S. Licorice Pretreatment Protects Against Brain Damage Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:474-480. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sehyun Lim
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Public Health, Far East University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Kyunghee Naseul Korean Medicine Clinic, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Buyeo Kim
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Korea
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Kim DE, Kim JY, Lee SK, Ryu JH, Kwon IC, Ahn CH, Kim K, Schellingerhout D. Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768026 DOI: 10.3791/54294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of stroke than relying on indirect measurements, and will be a potent and robust vascular research tool. We use an optical imaging approach that labels thrombi with a molecular imaging thrombus marker - a Cy5.5 near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe that is covalently linked to the fibrin strands of the thrombus by the fibrin-crosslinking enzymatic action of activated coagulation factor XIIIa during the process of clot maturation. A micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based approach uses thrombus-seeking gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized to target the major component of the clot: fibrin. This paper describes a detailed protocol for the combined in vivo microCT and ex vivo NIRF imaging of thromboemboli in a mouse model of embolic stroke. We show that in vivo microCT and fibrin-targeted glycol-chitosan AuNPs (fib-GC-AuNPs) can be used for visualizing both in situ thrombi and cerebral embolic thrombi. We also describe the use of in vivo microCT-based direct thrombus imaging to serially monitor the therapeutic effects of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis. After the last imaging session, we demonstrate by ex vivo NIRF imaging the extent and the distribution of residual thromboemboli in the brain. Finally, we describe quantitative image analyses of microCT and NIRF imaging data. The combined technique of direct thrombus imaging allows two independent methods of thrombus visualization to be compared: the area of thrombus-related fluorescent signal on ex vivo NIRF imaging vs. the volume of hyperdense microCT thrombi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Eog Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine;
| | - Jeong-Yeon Kim
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine
| | - Su-Kyoung Lee
- Molecular Imaging and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Dongguk University College of Medicine
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- Departments of Radiology and Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
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Wang W, Li M, Chen Q, Wang J. Hemorrhagic Transformation after Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Models, and Biomarkers. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1572-1579. [PMID: 25367883 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is well recognized as a common cause of hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke. HT after acute ischemic stroke contributes to early mortality and adversely affects functional recovery. The risk of HT is especially high when patients receive thrombolytic reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, the only available treatment for ischemic stroke. Although many important publications address preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations regarding the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and prediction of HT. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms for HT after ischemic stroke, provide an overview of the models commonly used for the study of HT, and discuss biomarkers that might be used for the early detection of this challenging clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Chaturvedi M, Kaczmarek L. Mmp-9 inhibition: a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:563-73. [PMID: 24026771 PMCID: PMC3918117 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. In cerebral ischemia there is an enhanced expression of matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9), which has been associated with various complications including excitotoxicity, neuronal damage, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening leading to cerebral edema, and hemorrhagic transformation. Moreover, the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is the only US-FDA approved treatment of ischemic stroke, has a brief 3 to 4 h time window and it has been proposed that detrimental effects of tPA beyond the 3 h since the onset of stroke are derived from its ability to activate MMP-9 that in turn contributes to the breakdown of BBB. Therefore, the available literature suggests that MMP-9 inhibition can be of therapeutic importance in ischemic stroke. Hence, combination therapies of MMP-9 inhibitor along with tPA can be beneficial in ischemic stroke. In this review we will discuss the current status of various strategies which have shown neuroprotection and extension of thrombolytic window by directly or indirectly inhibiting MMP-9 activity. In the introductory part of the review, we briefly provide an overview on ischemic stroke, commonly used models of ischemic stroke and a role of MMP-9 in ischemia. In next part, the literature is organized as various approaches which have proven neuroprotective effects through direct or indirect decrease in MMP-9 activity, namely, using biotherapeutics, involving MMP-9 gene inhibition using viral vectors; using endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9, repurposing of old drugs such as minocycline, new chemical entities like DP-b99, and finally other approaches like therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaturvedi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Linden J, Fassotte L, Tirelli E, Plumier JC, Ferrara A. Assessment of behavioral flexibility after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 258:127-37. [PMID: 24157337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is the most common animal model of cerebral ischemia and induces various functional impairments. Long-lasting deficits resulting from MCAO however, remain insufficiently characterized, especially regarding cognition. Yet, behavioral flexibility, a prominent cognitive process is found impaired after stroke in humans. We thus used an operant-based task to assess behavioral flexibility in mice after MCAO. Three weeks after 30 min MCAO surgery, mice were subjected to a battery of sensorimotor tests (rotarod, vertical pole test, spontaneous locomotion and grip-strength test). Behavioral flexibility was then assessed in an operant task, in which mice, rewarded according to a FR5 schedule of reinforcement, had to alternate their operant responses between two levers from trial to trial. Regarding sensory and motor functioning, only the pole test yielded a significant difference between MCAO and sham mice. In the operant flexibility task, results showed a behavioral flexibility deficit in MCAO mice; neither the operant response acquisition nor the appeal for food rewards was altered. In conclusion, our operant-based task revealed a long-lasting behavioral flexibility deficit after MCAO in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Linden
- Département de Psychologie, Cognition et Comportement, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Rodríguez-Frutos B, Fuentes B, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Alvarez-Grech J, Expósito-Alcaide M, Díez-Tejedor E. CDP-choline treatment induces brain plasticity markers expression in experimental animal stroke. Neurochem Int 2011; 60:310-7. [PMID: 22226841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of CDP-choline on brain plasticity markers expression in the acute phase of cerebral infarct in an experimental animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and treated or not with CDP-choline (500 mg/kg) daily for 14 days starting 30 min after pMCAO. Functional status was evaluated with Roger's test; lesion volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E); cell death with TUNEL; cellular proliferation with BrdU immunohistochemistry; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) by immunofluorescence and Western-blot techniques. CDP-choline significantly improved functional recovery and decreased lesion volume on MRI, TUNEL-positive cell number and LRP levels at 14 days. In addition, CDP-choline significantly increased BrdU, VEGF and synaptophysin values and decreased GFAP levels in the peri-infarct zone compared with the infarct group. In conclusion, our data indicate that CDP-choline improved functional recovery after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in association with reductions in lesion volume, cell death and LRP expression. In fact, CDP-choline increased cell proliferation, vasculogenesis and synaptophysin levels and reduced GFAP levels in the peri-infarct area of the ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neurosciences Area of IdiPAZ, Health Research Institute, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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