Cell biology of cytochrome P-450 in the liver

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Cytochromes P450 Gene Family in Cordyceps militaris

Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) gene family has been shown to play significant roles in various physiological processes of some species, including participate in the metabolism of various exogenous substances, synthesis of endogenous substances, abiotic and biotic stress responses and stress signaling. In this study, the members of CYP450 gene family in Cordyceps militaris (C.militaris) were identified and analyzed on the whole genome level using bioinformatics-based methods. The phylogenetic tree, gene structure, motifs and gene expression level under pH stress were analyzed. In total, 54 putative CYP450 gene family members were identified in C.militaris. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that all of the C.militaris CYP450 (CmCYP) genes, except CmCYP19, were grouped into 3 groups. The 54 CmCYP genes were randomly distributed on 7 chromosomes. The expression analysis of CmCYP under different pH environments showed the mechanism of CmCYP genes family involved in stress resistance regulation is complex and diversified. Systematic investigation of a gene family, would provide important insights into gene function and application. The results of this study will provide reference information for studying other abiotic and biotic stress response regulation mechanism of C.militaris.

Clinically significant psychotropic drug-drug interactions in the primary care setting

In recent years, the growing numbers of patients seeking care for a wide range of psychiatric illnesses in the primary care setting has resulted in an increase in the number of psychotropic medications prescribed. Along with the increased utilization of psychotropic medications, considerable variability is noted in the prescribing patterns of primary care providers and psychiatrists. Because psychiatric patients also suffer from a number of additional medical comorbidities, the increased utilization of psychotropic medications presents an elevated risk of clinically significant drug interactions in these patients. While life-threatening drug interactions are rare, clinically significant drug interactions impacting drug response or appearance of serious adverse drug reactions have been documented and can impact long-term outcomes. Additionally, the impact of genetic variability on the psychotropic drug's pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics may further complicate drug therapy. Increased awareness of clinically relevant psychotropic drug interactions can aid clinicians to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes in patients in the primary care setting.