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Le TS, Takahashi M, Isozumi N, Miyazato A, Hiratsuka Y, Matsumura K, Taguchi T, Maenosono S. Quick and Mild Isolation of Intact Lysosomes Using Magnetic-Plasmonic Hybrid Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:885-896. [PMID: 34978188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient isolation of intact lysosomes is necessary to study their functions and metabolites by proteomic analysis. We developed a swift and robust nanoparticle-based magnetic separation method in which magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanoparticles (MPNPs) conjugated with amino dextran (aDxt) were targeted to the lumen of lysosomes via the endocytosis pathway. For well-directed magnetic separation of the lysosomes, it is important to trace the intracellular trafficking of the aDxt-conjugated MPNPs (aDxt-MPNPs) in the endocytosis pathway. Therefore, we analyzed the intracellular transport process of the aDxt-MPNPs by investigating the time-dependent colocalization of plasmonic scattering of aDxt-MPNPs and immunostained marker proteins of organelles using the threshold Manders' colocalization coefficient (Rt). Detailed analysis of time variations of Rt for early and late endosomes and lysosomes allowed us to derive the transport kinetics of aDxt-MPNPs in a cell. After confirming the incubation time required for sufficient accumulation of aDxt-MPNPs in lysosomes, the lysosomes were magnetically isolated as intact as possible. By varying the elapsed time from homogenization to complete isolation of lysosomes (tdelay) and temperature (T), the influences of tdelay and T on the protein composition of the lysosomes were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. We found that the intactness of lysosomes could become impaired quite quickly, and to isolate lysosomes as intact as possible with high purity, tdelay = 30 min and T = 4 °C were optimal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Son Le
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mari Takahashi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Isozumi
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Akio Miyazato
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiratsuka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba, Sendai Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinya Maenosono
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Alfonzo-Méndez MA, Hernández-Espinosa DA, Carmona-Rosas G, Romero-Ávila MT, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Protein Kinase C Activation Promotes α 1B-Adrenoceptor Internalization and Late Endosome Trafficking through Rab9 Interaction. Role in Heterologous Desensitization. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:296-306. [PMID: 28082304 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon agonist stimulation, α1B-adrenergic receptors couple to Gq proteins, calcium signaling and protein kinase C activation; subsequently, the receptors are phosphorylated, desensitized, and internalized. Internalization seems to involve scaffolding proteins, such as β-arrestin and clathrin. However, the fine mechanisms that participate remain unsolved. The roles of protein kinase C and the small GTPase, Rab9, in α1B-AR vesicular traffic were investigated by studying α1B-adrenergic receptor-Rab protein interactions, using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), confocal microscopy, and intracellular calcium quantitation. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing Discosoma spp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed)-tagged α1B-ARs and enhanced green fluorescent protein--tagged Rab proteins, pharmacological protein kinase C activation mimicked α1B-AR traffic elicited by nonrelated agents, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (i.e., transient α1B-AR-Rab5 FRET signal followed by a sustained α1B-AR-Rab9 interaction), suggesting brief receptor localization in early endosomes and transfer to late endosomes. This latter interaction was abrogated by blocking protein kinase C activity, resulting in receptor retention at the plasma membrane. Similar effects were observed when a dominant-negative Rab9 mutant (Rab9-GDP) was employed. When α1B-adrenergic receptors that had been mutated at protein kinase C phosphorylation sites (S396A, S402A) were used, phorbol ester-induced desensitization of the calcium response was markedly decreased; however, interaction with Rab9 was only partially decreased and internalization was observed in response to phorbol esters and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Finally, Rab9-GDP expression did not affect adrenergic-mediated calcium response but abolished receptor traffic and altered desensitization. Data suggest that protein kinase C modulates α1B-adrenergic receptor transfer to late endosomes and that Rab9 regulates this process and participates in G protein-mediated signaling turn-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Alfonzo-Méndez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
| | - David A Hernández-Espinosa
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
| | - Gabriel Carmona-Rosas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México (M.A.A.-M., D.A.H.-E., G.C.-R., M.T.R.-A., J.A.G.-S.) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México (G.R.-C.)
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Walker MW, Lloyd-Evans E. A rapid method for the preparation of ultrapure, functional lysosomes using functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 126:21-43. [PMID: 25665439 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are an emerging and increasingly important cellular organelle. With every passing year, more novel proteins and key cellular functions are associated with lysosomes. Despite this, the methodologies for their purification have largely remained unchanged since the days of their discovery. With little advancement in this area, it is no surprise that analysis of lysosomal function has been somewhat stymied, largely in part by the change in buoyant densities that occur under conditions where lysosomes accumulate macromolecules. Such phenotypes are often associated with the lysosomal storage diseases but are increasingly being observed under conditions where lysosomal proteins or, in some cases, cellular functions associated with lysosomal proteins are being manipulated. These altered lysosomes poise a problem to the classical methods to purify lysosomes that are reliant largely on their correct sedimentation by density gradient centrifugation. Building upon a technique developed by others to purify lysosomes magnetically, we have developed a unique assay using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to purify high yields of ultrapure functional lysosomes from multiple cell types including the lysosomal storage disorders. Here we describe this method in detail, including the rationale behind using SPIONs, the potential pitfalls that can be avoided and the potential functional assays these lysosomes can be used for. Finally we also summarize the other methodologies and the exact reasons why magnetic purification of lysosomes is now the method of choice for lysosomal researchers.
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Shmuel M, Nodel-Berner E, Hyman T, Rouvinski A, Altschuler Y. Caveolin 2 regulates endocytosis and trafficking of the M1 muscarinic receptor in MDCK epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:1570-85. [PMID: 17314410 PMCID: PMC1855036 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-07-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin and caveolins are known for their involvement in the internalization of numerous receptors. Here we show that in polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, both the clathrin machinery and caveolins are involved in the endocytosis and delivery to the plasma membrane (PM) of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). We initially localized this receptor to the lateral membrane, where it accumulates proximal to the tight junctions. From there it is internalized through the clathrin-mediated pathway. In addition, the receptor may associate on the PM with caveolin (cav) 2 or in intracellular compartments with either cav 2, or monomeric or oligomeric cav 1. Association of the PM M1 mAChR with cav 2 inhibits receptor endocytosis through the clathrin-mediated pathway or retains the receptor in an intracellular compartment. This intracellular association attenuates receptor trafficking. Expression of cav 1 with cav 2 rescues the latter's inhibitory effect. The caveolins stimulate M1 mAChR oligomerization thus maintaining a constant amount of monomeric receptor. These results provide evidence that caveolins play a role in the attenuation of the M1 muscarinic receptor's intracellular trafficking to and from the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Shmuel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Efrat Nodel-Berner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tehila Hyman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Alexander Rouvinski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yoram Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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