1
|
Subramaniyan S, Kuriakose BB, Mushfiq S, Prabhu NM, Muthusamy K. Gene Signals and SNPs Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Nutrigenomics and Computational Prospective Insights. Neuroscience 2023; 533:77-95. [PMID: 37858629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease. Neurological conditions for PD were influenced by a variety of epigenetic factors and SNPs in some of the coexisting genes that were expressed. This article focused on nutrigenomics of PD and the prospective highlighting of how these genes are regulated in terms of nutritive factors and the genetic basis of PD risk, onset, and progression. Multigenetic associations of the following genetic alterations in the genes of SNCA, LRRK2, UCHL1, PARK2,PINK1, DJ-1, and ATP13A2 have been reported with the familial and de novo genetic origins of PD. Over the past two decades, significant attempts have been made to understand the biological mechanisms that are potential causes for this disease, as well as to identify therapeutic substances for the prevention and management of PD. Nutrigenomics has sparked considerable interest due to its nutritional, safe, and therapeutic effects on a variety of chronic diseases. In this study, we summarise some of the nutritive supplements that have an impact on PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Subramaniyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakeena Mushfiq
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang N, Jia Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Zhou H, Xiao N. Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Pallidum GABAergic Neurons and Motor Function in Rat Models of Kernicterus. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1252. [PMID: 37759853 PMCID: PMC10526431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kernicterus is a serious complication of hyperbilirubinemia, caused by neuronal injury due to excessive unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in specific brain areas. This injury induced by this accumulation in the globus pallidus can induce severe motor dysfunction. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown neuroprotective effects in various neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rTMS on pallidal nerve damage and motor dysfunction in a rat model of kernicterus. Rats were divided into a sham group (n = 16), a model group (bilirubin with sham rTMS; n = 16) and an rTMS group (bilirubin with rTMS; n = 16). High-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) was applied starting from 24 h postmodeling for 7 days. The rotarod test, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure motor function and protein expression levels. The rTMS mitigated the negative effects of UCB on the general health of kernicterus-model rats and improved their growth and development. Furthermore, the rTMS alleviated UCB-induced motor dysfunction and increased the expression of GABAergic neuronal marker GAD67 in the globus pallidus. Notably, it also inhibited apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, rTMS could alleviate motor dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing globus pallidus GAD67 in kernicterus rat models, indicating that it may be a promising treatment for kernicterus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (N.W.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez-Martin E, Vidmark JSL, MacLean JA, Sanger TD. What is the effect of benzodiazepines on deep brain activity? A study in pediatric patients with dystonia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1215572. [PMID: 37638186 PMCID: PMC10457157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1215572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are commonly used to treat the symptoms of movement disorders; however, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a popular treatment for these disorders. Previous studies have investigated the effects of BDZ on cortical activity, no data are currently available on their effects on deep brain regions, nor on these regions' responses to DBS. How the BDZ affects the thalamus and basal ganglia in dystonia patients remains unknown. Methods DBS recordings were performed in ventral oralis anterior/posterior (VoaVop), ventral intermediate (VIM) and ventral anterior (VA) thalamic subnuclei, as well as globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Evoked potentials (EP) and frequency domain analysis were performed to determine the BDZ effect on neural activities compared to the control condition (off-BDZ). Three male pediatric patients with dystonia treated with BDZ and undergoing depth electrode evaluation for clinical targeting were recruited for the study. Stimulation was administered at 25 and 55 Hz frequencies and recordings were simultaneously gathered through pairs of externalized stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) electrodes. EP amplitude and the effect of stimulation on the frequency spectrum of activity were compared at baseline and following clinical administration of BDZ. Results Frequency analysis showed consistent reductions in activity during BDZ treatment in all studied brain regions for all patients. Evoked potential (EP) analysis showed increased subthalamic nucleus (STN) EP amplitude and decreased ventral intermediate (VIM) and STN EP amplitude during BDZ treatment. Interpretation BDZs reduce thalamic and basal ganglia activity in multiple regions and alter the efficacy of transmission between these regions. While the mechanism is unknown our results confirm the known widespread effects of this class of medications and identify specific areas within the motor system that are directly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Hernandez-Martin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica S. L. Vidmark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. MacLean
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Health Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA, United States
| | - Terence D. Sanger
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Health Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samizadeh MA, Fallah H, Toomarisahzabi M, Rezaei F, Rahimi-Danesh M, Akhondzadeh S, Vaseghi S. Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review on Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Sleep Disturbances, REM Behavior Disorder, and Melatonin. Brain Sci 2023; 13:914. [PMID: 37371392 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. There is a wide range of sleep disturbances in patients with PD, such as insomnia and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (or REM behavior disorder (RBD)). RBD is a sleep disorder in which a patient acts out his/her dreams and includes abnormal behaviors during the REM phase of sleep. On the other hand, melatonin is the principal hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland and significantly modulates the circadian clock and mood state. Furthermore, melatonin has a wide range of regulatory effects and is a safe treatment for sleep disturbances such as RBD in PD. However, the molecular mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment or control of RBD are unknown. In this study, we reviewed the pathophysiology of PD and sleep disturbances, including RBD. We also discussed the potential molecular mechanisms of melatonin involved in its therapeutic effect. It was concluded that disruption of crucial neurotransmitter systems that mediate sleep, including norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, and important neurotransmitter systems that mediate the REM phase, including acetylcholine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, are significantly involved in the induction of sleep disturbances, including RBD in PD. It was also concluded that accumulation of α-synuclein in sleep-related brain regions can disrupt sleep processes and the circadian rhythm. We suggested that new treatment strategies for sleep disturbances in PD may focus on the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation or expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Samizadeh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Hamed Fallah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Toomarisahzabi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Rezaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13337159140, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 3365166571, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu WY, Yang QH, Wang XQ. The mechanism of exercise for pain management in Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1039302. [PMID: 36438185 PMCID: PMC9684336 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1039302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research and clinical applications of exercise therapy to the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing. Pain is among the important symptoms affecting the daily motor function and quality of life of PD patients. This paper reviewed the progress of research on different exercise therapies for the management of pain caused by PD and described the role and mechanism of exercise therapy for pain relief. Aerobic exercise, strength exercise, and mind-body exercise play an effective role in pain management in PD patients. The pain suffered by PD patients is divided into central neuropathic, peripheral neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Different types of pain may coexist with different mechanistic backgrounds and treatments. The analgesic mechanisms of exercise intervention in PD-induced pain include altered cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity, the attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic analgesic pathways, as well as the inhibition of oxidative stress. Current studies related to exercise interventions for PD-induced pain suffer from small sample sizes and inadequate research of analgesic mechanisms. The neurophysiological effects of exercise, such as neuroplasticity, attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic analgesic pathway provide a sound biological mechanism for using exercise in pain management. However, large, well-designed randomized controlled trials with improved methods and reporting are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy for PD pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ye Yu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangtishang Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Development of Halogenated-Chalcones Bearing with Dimethoxy Phenyl Head as Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091152. [PMID: 36145373 PMCID: PMC9503132 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of dimethoxy-halogenated chalcones (DM1−DM20) were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAOs). Compound DM2 exhibited the most significant inhibition against MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.067 µM, followed by compound DM18 (IC50 = 0.118 µM), with selectivity index (SI) values of 93.88 and >338.98, respectively. However, none of the substances successfully inhibited MAO-A. The MAO-B inhibitors DM2 and DM18 were competitive and reversible, with Ki values of 0.032 ± 0.004 and 0.045 ± 0.001 µM, respectively. DM2 was non-toxic below 100 µg/mL in the cytotoxic test using the Vero epithelial cell line by the MTT method. According to molecular docking studies, DM2 and DM18 formed very similar conformations within the MAO-B binding pocket, with the ortho-chlorine and ortho-fluorine aromatic rings sandwiched between F168 and Y326. These conformations were predicted to show better interactions with the targeted MAO-B than MAO-A. In particular, the induced-fit docking of the dimethoxy phenyl ring of DM2 facing the hydrophobic pocket made up of FAD, Y398, and Y435 had an impact on F168 in the docking pocket. Taken together, DM2 and DM18 may be suitable candidates for treating neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhen H, Zheng M, Geng H, Song Q, Gao L, Yuan Z, Deng H, Pang Q, Zhao B. The feedback loop between calcineurin, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells regulates the number of GABAergic neurons during planarian head regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:988803. [PMID: 36172263 PMCID: PMC9510629 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.988803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of brain neural circuits are the main source of encephalopathy during neurodevelopment. Changes in the function of neural circuits can lead to depolarization or repeat rhythmic firing of neurons in a manner similar to epilepsy. GABAergic neurons are inhibitory neurons found in all the main domains of the CNS. Previous studies suggested that DjCamkII and DjCaln play a crucial role in the regulation of GABAergic neurons during planarian regeneration. However, the mechanisms behind the regeneration of GABAergic neurons have not been fully explained. Herein, we demonstrated that DjCamkII and DjCaln were mutual negative regulation during planarian head regeneration. DjNFAT exerted feedback positive regulation on both DjCaln and DjCamkII. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that DjNFAT was predominantly expressed in the pharynx and parenchymal cells in intact planarian. Interestingly, during planarian head regeneration, DjNFAT was predominantly located in the newborn brain. Down-regulation of DjNFAT led to regeneration defects in the brain including regenerative brain became small and the lateral nerves cannot be regenerated completely, and a decreasein the number of GABAergic neurons during planarian head regeneration. These findings suggest that the feedback loop between DjCaln, DjCamkII, and DjNFAT is crucial for the formation of GABAergic neurons during planarian head regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhen
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhi Geng
- Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Qian Song
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Bosheng Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinez NW, Gómez FE, Matus S. The Potential Role of Protein Kinase R as a Regulator of Age-Related Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638208. [PMID: 33994991 PMCID: PMC8113420 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence describing a decline in adaptive homeostasis in aging-related diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), many of which are characterized by the appearance of non-native protein aggregates. One signaling pathway that allows cell adaptation is the integrated stress response (ISR), which senses stress stimuli through four kinases. ISR activation promotes translational arrest through the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and the induction of a gene expression program to restore cellular homeostasis. However, depending on the stimulus, ISR can also induce cell death. One of the ISR sensors is the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase R (PKR)], initially described as a viral infection sensor, and now a growing evidence supports a role for PKR on CNS physiology. PKR has been largely involved in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological process. Here, we reviewed the antecedents supporting the role of PKR on the efficiency of synaptic transmission and cognition. Then, we review PKR’s contribution to AD and discuss the possible participation of PKR as a player in the neurodegenerative process involved in aging-related pathologies affecting the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás W Martinez
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Soledad Matus
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amiri S, Mirbagheri MM, Asadi-Pooya AA, Badragheh F, Ajam Zibadi H, Arbabi M. Brain functional connectivity in individuals with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES): An application of graph theory. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107565. [PMID: 33243686 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine brain functional connectivity (FC), based on the graph theory, in individuals with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying this disease. METHODS Twenty-three patients with PNES and twenty-five healthy control subjects were examined. Alterations in FC within the whole brain were examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We calculated measures of the nodal degree, a major feature of the graph theory, for all the cortical and subcortical regions in the brain. Pearson correlation was performed to determine the relationship between nodal degree in abnormal brain regions and patient characteristics. RESULTS The nodal degrees in the right caudate (CAU), left orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (ORBinf), and right paracentral lobule (PCL) were significantly greater (i.e. hyper-connectivity) in individuals with PNES than in healthy control subjects. On the other hand, a lesser nodal degree (i.e. hypo-connectivity) was detected in several other brain regions including the left and right insula (INS), as well as the right putamen (PUT), and right middle occipital gyrus (MOG). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the FC of several major brain regions can be altered in individuals with PNES. Areas with hypo-connectivity may be involved in emotion processing (e.g., INS) and movement regulation (e.g., PUT), whereas areas with hyper-connectivity may play a role in the inhibition of unwanted movements and cognitive processes (e.g., CAU).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Amiri
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi M Mirbagheri
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Northwestern University, USA.
| | - Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Badragheh
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ajam Zibadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arbabi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain & Spinal Cord Injury Research Centre, Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seo J, Won J, Kim K, Park J, Yeo HG, Kim YG, Baek SH, Lee H, Jeon CY, Choi WS, Lee S, Kim KJ, Park SH, Son Y, Jeong KJ, Lim KS, Kang P, Lee HY, Son HC, Huh JW, Kim YH, Lee DS, Lee SR, Choi JW, Lee Y. Impaired Hand Dexterity Function in a Non-human Primate Model with Chronic Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:376-388. [PMID: 33154199 PMCID: PMC7649085 DOI: 10.5607/en20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons are accompanied by movement disorders, including tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and akinesia. Non-human primate (NHP) models with PD play an essential role in the analysis of PD pathophysiology and behavior symptoms. As impairments of hand dexterity function can affect activities of daily living in patients with PD, research on hand dexterity function in NHP models with chronic PD is essential. Traditional rating scales previously used in the evaluation of animal spontaneous behavior were insufficient due to factors related to subjectivity and passivity. Thus, experimentally designed applications for an appropriate apparatus are necessary. In this study, we aimed to longitudinally assess hand dexterity function using hand dexterity task (HDT) in NHP-PD models. To validate this assessment, we analyzed the alteration in Parkinsonian tremor signs and the functionality of presynaptic dopaminergic neuron using positron emission tomography imaging of dopamine transporters in these models. In addition, a significant inverse correlation between HDT and DAT level was identified, but no local bias was found. The correlation with intention tremor signs was lower than the resting tremor. In conclusion, the evaluation of HDT may reflect behavioral symptoms of NHP-PD models. Furthermore, HDT was effectively used to experimentally distinguish intention tremors from other tremors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hoonwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Sangil Lee
- Primate Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Ki Jin Kim
- Primate Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Primate Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hee-Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, KRIBB, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park HR, Lim YH, Song EJ, Lee JM, Park K, Park KH, Lee WW, Kim HJ, Jeon B, Paek SH. Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation under General Anesthesia: Literature Review and Single Center Experience. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093044. [PMID: 32967337 PMCID: PMC7564882 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Traditionally, STN DBS for PD is performed by using microelectrode recording (MER) and/or intraoperative macrostimulation under local anesthesia (LA). However, many patients cannot tolerate the long operation time under LA without medication. In addition, it cannot be even be performed on PD patients with poor physical and neurological condition. Recently, it has been reported that STN DBS under general anesthesia (GA) can be successfully performed due to the feasible MER under GA, as well as the technical advancement in direct targeting and intraoperative imaging. The authors reviewed the previously published literature on STN DBS under GA using intraoperative imaging and MER, focused on discussing the technique, clinical outcome, and the complication, as well as introducing our single-center experience. Based on the reports of previously published studies and ours, GA did not interfere with the MER signal from STN. STN DBS under GA without intraoperative stimulation shows similar or better clinical outcome without any additional complication compared to STN DBS under LA. Long-term follow-up with a large number of the patients would be necessary to validate the safety and efficacy of STN DBS under GA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea;
| | - Yong Hoon Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Eun Jin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Jae Meen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Kawngwoo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kwang Hyon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chuungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea;
| | - Woong-Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.J.)
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (E.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-22-072-2876
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Impairment of Motor Function Correlates with Neurometabolite and Brain Iron Alterations in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020096. [PMID: 30699914 PMCID: PMC6406520 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We took advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) as non-invasive methods to quantify brain iron and neurometabolites, which were analyzed along with other predictors of motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tapping hits, tremor amplitude, and the scores derived from part III of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS3 scores) were determined in 35 male PD patients and 35 controls. The iron-sensitive MRI relaxation rate R2* was measured in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited and short echo-time MRS was used for the quantification of neurometabolites in the striatum and thalamus. Associations of R2*, neurometabolites, and other factors with motor function were estimated with Spearman correlations and mixed regression models to account for repeated measurements (hands, hemispheres). In PD patients, R2* and striatal GABA correlated with MDS-UPDRS3 scores if not adjusted for age. Patients with akinetic-rigid PD subtype (N = 19) presented with lower creatine and striatal glutamate and glutamine (Glx) but elevated thalamic GABA compared to controls or mixed PD subtype. In PD patients, Glx correlated with an impaired dexterity when adjusted for covariates. Elevated myo-inositol was associated with more tapping hits and lower MDS-UPDRS3 scores. Our neuroimaging study provides evidence that motor dysfunction in PD correlates with alterations in brain iron and neurometabolites.
Collapse
|
14
|
Schwabe K, Krauss JK. What rodent models of deep brain stimulation can teach us about the neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophr Res 2018; 198:45-51. [PMID: 28663025 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is routinely used for treatment of movement disorders and it is also under investigation for neuropsychiatric disorders with deficient sensorimotor gating, such as schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder. Electrical stimulation induces excitation and inhibition both at the stimulation site and at projection sites, thus modulating synchrony and oscillatory behavior of neuronal networks. We first provide background information on DBS in neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by deficient sensorimotor gating. We then introduce prepulse inhibition (PPI) as a measure for sensorimotor gating in these disorders. Thereafter, we report on the use of DBS in rat models with deficient PPI induced by pharmacologic, genetic and neurodevelopmental manipulation. These models offer the opportunity to define the neuronal circuit regulation that is of relevance to PPI and its deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders with disturbed sensorimotor gating. Finally, we report on the use of the PPI paradigm in human patients operated for DBS on/off stimulation, which may further elucidate the neuronal network involved in regulation of PPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wouterlood FG, Engel A, Daal M, Houwen G, Meinderts A, Jordà Siquier T, Beliën JAM, van Dongen YC, Scheel-Krüger J, Thierry AM, Groenewegen HJ, Deniau JM. Mesencephalic dopamine neurons interfacing the shell of nucleus accumbens and the dorsolateral striatum in the rat. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1518-1542. [PMID: 29696690 PMCID: PMC6099426 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parallel corticostriatonigral circuits have been proposed that separately process motor, cognitive, and emotional‐motivational information. Functional integration requires that interactions exist between neurons participating in these circuits. This makes it imperative to study the complex anatomical substrate underlying corticostriatonigral circuits. It has previously been proposed that dopaminergic neurons in the ventral mesencephalon may play a role in this circuit interaction. Therefore, we studied in rats convergence of basal ganglia circuits by depositing an anterograde neuroanatomical tracer into the ventral striatum together with a retrograde fluorescent tracer ipsilaterally in the dorsolateral striatum. In the mesencephalon, using confocal microscopy, we looked for possible appositions of anterogradely labeled fibers and retrogradely labeled neurons, “enhancing” the latter via intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence served to identify dopaminergic neurons. In neurophysiological experiments, we combined orthodromic stimulation in the medial ventral striatum with recording from ventral mesencephalic neurons characterized by antidromic stimulation from the dorsal striatum. We observed terminal fields of anterogradely labeled fibers that overlap populations of retrogradely labeled nigrostriatal cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and lateral ventral tegmental area (VTA), with numerous close appositions between boutons of anterogradely labeled fibers and nigrostriatal, TH‐immunopositive neurons. Neurophysiological stimulation in the medial ventral striatum caused inhibition of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons projecting to the ventrolateral striatal territory. Responding nigrostriatal neurons were located in the medial substantia nigra and adjacent VTA. Our results strongly suggest a functional link between ventromedial, emotional‐motivational striatum, and the sensorimotor dorsal striatum via dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris G Wouterlood
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Engel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariah Daal
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Houwen
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aileen Meinderts
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomàs Jordà Siquier
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A M Beliën
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette C van Dongen
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U114, Chaire de Neuropharmacologie, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jørgen Scheel-Krüger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Thierry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U114, Chaire de Neuropharmacologie, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Henk J Groenewegen
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Michel Deniau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U114, Chaire de Neuropharmacologie, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng X, Wu J, Zhu Y, Chen S, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang Z, Wei J, Li Y, Lei W. A Comparative study for striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons to DA depletion-induced lesion in a PD rat model. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:14-22. [PMID: 29674121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-direct and -indirect Pathway Neurons showed different vulnerability in basal ganglia disorders. Therefore, present study aimed to examine and compare characteristic changes of densities, protein and mRNA levels of soma, dendrites, and spines between striatal-direct and -indirect pathway neurons after DA depletion by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. Experimental results showed that: 1) 6OHDA-induced DA depletion decreased the soma density of striatal-direct pathway neurons (SP+), but no significant changes for striatal-indirect pathway neurons (ENK+). 2) DA depletion resulted in a decline of dendrite density for both striatal-direct (D1+) and -indirect (D2+) pathway neurons, and D2+ dendritic density declined more obviously. At the ultrastructure level, the densities of D1+ and D2+ dendritic spines reduced in the 6OHDA groups compared with their control groups, but the density of D2+ dendritic spines reduced more significant than that of D1. 3) Striatal DA depletion down-regulated protein and mRNA expression levels of SP and D1, on the contrary, ENK and D2 protein and mRNA levels of indirect pathway neurons were up-regulated significantly. Present results suggested that indirect pathway neurons be more sensitive to 6OHDA-induced DA depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Periodical Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nigral injection of a proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, induces widespread glial cell activation and shows various phenotypes of Parkinson's disease in young and adult mouse. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2189-2202. [PMID: 28439627 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous inclusions, called Lewy bodies, are used as a pathological hallmark for Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies contain insoluble α-synuclein (aSyn) and many other ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting a role for protein degradation system failure in the PD pathogenesis. Indeed, proteasomal dysfunction has been linked to PD but commonly used in vivo toxin models, such as 6-OHDA or MPTP, do not have a significant effect on the proteasomal system or protein aggregation. Therefore, we wanted to study the characteristics of a proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, as a PD model on young and adult mice. To study this, we performed stereotactic microinjection of lactacystin above the substantia nigra pars compacta in young (2 month old) and adult (12-14 month old) C57Bl/6 mice. Motor behavior was measured by locomotor activity and cylinder tests, and the markers of neuroinflammation, aSyn, and dopaminergic system were assessed by immunohistochemistry and HPLC. We found that lactacystin induced a Parkinson's disease-like motor phenotype 5-7 days after injection in young and adult mice, and this was associated with widespread neuroinflammation based on glial cell markers, aSyn accumulation in substantia nigra, striatal dopamine decrease, and loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and terminals in the striatum. When comparing young and adult mice, adult mice were more sensitive for dopaminergic degeneration after lactacystin injection that further supports the use of adult mice instead of young when modeling neurodegeneration. Our data showed that lactacystin is useful in modeling various aspects of Parkinson's disease, and taken together, our findings emphasize the role of a protein degradation deficit in Parkinson's disease pathology, and support the use of proteasomal inhibitors as Parkinson's disease models.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well tolerated and efficacious surgical treatment for movement disorders, chronic pain, psychiatric disorder, and a growing number of neurological disorders. Given that the brain targets are deep and small, accurate electrode placement is commonly accomplished by utilizing frame-based systems. DBS electrode placement is confirmed by microlectrode recordings and macrostimulation to optimize and verify target placement. With a reliance on electrophysiology, proper anaesthetic management is paramount to balance patient comfort without interfering with neurophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS To achieve optimal pain control, generous amounts of local anaesthesia are instilled into the planned incision. During the opening and closing states, conscious sedation is the prevailing method of anaesthesia. The preferred agents are dexmedetomidine, propofol, and remifentanil, as they affect neurocognitive testing the least, and shorter acting. All the agents are turned off 15-30 min prior to microelectrode recording. Dexmedetomidine has gained popularity in DBS procedures, but has some considerations at higher doses. The addition of ketamine is helpful for pediatric cases. SUMMARY DBS is a robust surgical treatment for a variety of neurological disorders. Appropriate anaesthetic agents that achieve patient comfort without interfering with electrophysiology are paramount.
Collapse
|
19
|
Du Z, Chazalon M, Bestaven E, Leste-Lasserre T, Baufreton J, Cazalets JR, Cho YH, Garret M. Early GABAergic transmission defects in the external globus pallidus and rest/activity rhythm alteration in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 2016; 329:363-79. [PMID: 27217211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive motor symptoms preceded by cognitive deficits and is regarded as a disorder that primarily affects the basal ganglia. The external globus pallidus (GPe) has a central role in the basal ganglia, projects directly to the cortex, and is majorly modulated by GABA. To gain a better understanding of the time course of HD progression and gain insight into the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed GABAergic neurotransmission in the GPe of the R6/1 mouse model at purportedly asymptomatic and symptomatic stages (i.e., 2 and 6months). Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed alterations in the GPe of male R6/1 mice compared with wild-type littermates. Expression of proteins involved in pre- and post-synaptic GABAergic compartments as well as synapse number were severely decreased at 2 and 6months. At both ages, patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings showed a decrease of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) suggesting that HD mutation has an early effect on the GABA signaling in the brain. Therefore, we performed continuous locomotor activity recordings from 2 to 4months of age. Actigraphy analyses revealed rest/activity fragmentation alterations that parallel GABAergic system impairment at 2months, while the locomotor deficit is evident only at 3months in R6/1 mice. Our results reveal early deficits in HD and support growing evidence for a critical role played by the GPe in physiological and pathophysiological states. We suggest that actimetry may be used as a non-invasive tool to monitor early disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Du
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emma Bestaven
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Leste-Lasserre
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-René Cazalets
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yoon H Cho
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin WC, Tsai MC, Davenport CM, Smith CM, Veit J, Wilson NM, Adesnik H, Kramer RH. A Comprehensive Optogenetic Pharmacology Toolkit for In Vivo Control of GABA(A) Receptors and Synaptic Inhibition. Neuron 2015; 88:879-891. [PMID: 26606997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exogenously expressed opsins are valuable tools for optogenetic control of neurons in circuits. A deeper understanding of neural function can be gained by bringing control to endogenous neurotransmitter receptors that mediate synaptic transmission. Here we introduce a comprehensive optogenetic toolkit for controlling GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition in the brain. We developed a series of photoswitch ligands and the complementary genetically modified GABA(A) receptor subunits. By conjugating the two components, we generated light-sensitive versions of the entire GABA(A) receptor family. We validated these light-sensitive receptors for applications across a broad range of spatial scales, from subcellular receptor mapping to in vivo photo-control of visual responses in the cerebral cortex. Finally, we generated a knockin mouse in which the "photoswitch-ready" version of a GABA(A) receptor subunit genomically replaces its wild-type counterpart, ensuring normal receptor expression. This optogenetic pharmacology toolkit allows scalable interrogation of endogenous GABA(A) receptor function with high spatial, temporal, and biochemical precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher M Davenport
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caleb M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Julia Veit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neil M Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Willard AM, Bouchard RS, Gittis AH. Differential degradation of motor deficits during gradual dopamine depletion with 6-hydroxydopamine in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 301:254-67. [PMID: 26067595 PMCID: PMC4527082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder whose cardinal motor symptoms arise due to the progressive loss of dopamine. Although this dopamine loss typically progresses slowly over time, currently there are very few animal models that enable incremental dopamine depletion over time within the same animal. This type of gradual dopamine depletion model would be useful in studies aimed at the prodromal phase of PD, when dopamine levels are pathologically low but motor symptoms have not yet presented. Utilizing the highly characterized neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), we have developed a paradigm to gradually deplete dopamine levels in the striatum over a user-defined time course - spanning weeks to months - in C57BL/6 mice. Dopamine depletions were achieved by administration of five low-dose injections (0.75μg) of 6-OHDA through an implanted intracranial bilateral cannula targeting the medial forebrain bundle. Levels of dopamine within the striatum declined linearly with successive injections, quantified using tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and high-performance liquid chromatography. Behavioral testing was carried out at each time point to study the onset and progression of motor impairments as a function of dopamine loss over time. We found that spontaneous locomotion, measured in an open field, was robust until ∼70% of striatal dopamine was lost. Beyond this point, additional dopamine loss caused a sharp decline in motor performance, reaching a final level comparable to that of acutely depleted mice. Similarly, although rearing behavior was more sensitive to dopamine loss and declined linearly as a function of dopamine levels, it eventually declined to levels similar to those seen in acutely depleted mice. In contrast, motor coordination, measured on a vertical pole task, was only moderately impaired in gradually depleted mice, despite severe impairments observed in acutely depleted mice. These results demonstrate the importance of the temporal profile of dopamine loss on the magnitude and progression of behavioral impairments. Our gradual depletion model thus establishes a new paradigm with which to study how circuits respond and adapt to dopamine loss over time, information which could uncover important cellular events during the prodromal phase of PD that ultimately impact the presentation or treatability of behavioral symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Willard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R S Bouchard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A H Gittis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Waldvogel H, Faull R. The Diversity of GABAA Receptor Subunit Distribution in the Normal and Huntington's Disease Human Brain1. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS OF GABA RECEPTORS: A TRIBUTE TO HANNS MÖHLER, PART B 2015; 73:223-64. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Decrease of mGluR5 receptor density goes parallel with changes in enkephalin and substance P immunoreactivity in Huntington's disease: a preliminary investigation in the postmortem human brain. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3043-51. [PMID: 24969128 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors (mGluR5) contribute to the control of motor behavior by regulating the balance between excitation and inhibition of outputs in the basal ganglia. The density of these receptors is increased in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor complications. We hypothesized that similar changes may occur in Huntington's disease (HD) and aimed at testing this hypothesis in a preliminary experimental series in postmortem human brain material obtained from HD patients. Using autoradiography, we analyzed mGluR5 density in the putamen, caudate nucleus and cerebellum (control region) in postmortem tissue samples from three patients with HD and three controls with two mGluR5-specific radioligands ([(3)H]ABP688 and [(11)C]ABP688). The density of enkephalin (Enk)- or substance P (SP)-containing neurons was assessed using immunohistochemical and cell-counting methods. [(3)H]ABP688 binding in HD was reduced in the caudate (-70.4 %, P < 0.001), in the putamen (-33.3 %, P = 0.053), and in the cerebellum (-8.79 %, P = 0.930) vs controls. Results with [(11)C]ABP688 were similar; there was good correlation between [(11)C]ABP688 and [(3)H]ABP688 binding ratios. Total cell density was similar in all three brain regions in HD patients and controls. Neuronal density was 69 % lower in the caudate (P = 0.002) and 64 % lower in the putamen (P < 0.001) of HD patients vs controls. Both direct and indirect pathways were affected, with ≥ 90 % decrease in the density of Enk- and SP-containing neurons in the caudate and putamen of HD patients vs controls (P < 0.001). In contrast to earlier observations in PD, in HD, compared to controls, the mGluR5 density was significantly lower in the caudate nucleus. The decrease in neuronal density suggests that neuronal loss was largely responsible for the observed decrease in mGluR5.
Collapse
|
24
|
Thalamic GABA predicts fine motor performance in manganese-exposed smelter workers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88220. [PMID: 24505436 PMCID: PMC3913772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) may lead to parkinsonian symptoms including motor deficits. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to play a pivotal role in the regulation and performance of movement. Therefore this study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that an alteration of GABA following Mn exposure may be associated with fine motor performance in occupationally exposed workers and may underlie the mechanism of Mn-induced motor deficits. A cohort of nine Mn-exposed male smelter workers from an Mn-iron alloy factory and 23 gender- and age-matched controls were recruited and underwent neurological exams, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements, and Purdue pegboard motor testing. Short-echo-time MRS was used to measure N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and myo-inositol (mI). GABA was detected with a MEGA-PRESS J-editing MRS sequence. The mean thalamic GABA level was significantly increased in smelter workers compared to controls (p = 0.009). Multiple linear regression analysis reveals (1) a significant association between the increase in GABA level and the duration of exposure (R2 = 0.660, p = 0.039), and (2) significant inverse associations between GABA levels and all Purdue pegboard test scores (for summation of all scores R2 = 0.902, p = 0.001) in the smelter workers. In addition, levels of mI were reduced significantly in the thalamus and PCC of smelter workers compared to controls (p = 0.030 and p = 0.009, respectively). In conclusion, our results show clear associations between thalamic GABA levels and fine motor performance. Thus in Mn-exposed subjects, increased thalamic GABA levels may serve as a biomarker for subtle deficits in motor control and may become valuable for early diagnosis of Mn poisoning.
Collapse
|
25
|
Allen JL, Liu X, Weston D, Conrad K, Oberdörster G, Cory-Slechta DA. Consequences of developmental exposure to concentrated ambient ultrafine particle air pollution combined with the adult paraquat and maneb model of the Parkinson's disease phenotype in male mice. Neurotoxicology 2014; 41:80-8. [PMID: 24486957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests suceptibility of both the substantia nigra and striatum to exposure to components of air pollution. Further, air pollution has been associated with increased risk of PD diagnsosis in humans or PD-like pathology in animals. This study examined whether exposure of mice to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles (CAPS; <100nm diameter) during the first two weeks of life would alter susceptibility to induction of the Parkinson's disease phenyotype (PDP) in a pesticide-based paraquat and maneb (PQ+MB) model during adulthood utilizing i.p. injections of 10mg/kg PQ and 30mg/kg MB 2× per week for 6 weeks. Evidence of CAPS-induced enhancement of the PQ+MB PDP was limited primarily to delayed recovery of locomotor activity 24 post-injection of PQ+MB that could be related to alterations in striatal GABA inhibitory function. Absence of more extensive interactions might also reflect the finding that CAPS and PQ+MB appeared to differentially target the nigrostriatal dopamine and amino acid systems, with CAPS impacting striatum and PQ+MB impacting dopamine-glutamate function in midbrain; both CAPS and PQ+MB elevated glutamate levels in these specific regions, consistent with potential excitotoxicity. These findings demonstrate the ability of postnatal CAPS to produce locomotor dysfunction and dopaminergic and glutamateric changes, independent of PQ+MB, in brain regions involved in the PDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Allen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Douglas Weston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dysregulation of synaptic proteins, dendritic spine abnormalities and pathological plasticity of synapses as experience-dependent mediators of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s disease. Neuroscience 2013; 251:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Gonzales KK, Pare JF, Wichmann T, Smith Y. GABAergic inputs from direct and indirect striatal projection neurons onto cholinergic interneurons in the primate putamen. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:2502-22. [PMID: 23296794 PMCID: PMC3983787 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are involved in reward-dependent learning and the regulation of attention. The activity of these neurons is modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic afferents, but the source and relative prevalence of these diverse regulatory inputs remain to be characterized. To address this issue, we performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation of ChIs in the postcommissural putamen of rhesus monkeys. Postembedding immunogold localization of GABA combined with peroxidase immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase showed that 60% of all synaptic inputs to ChIs originate from GABAergic terminals, whereas 21% are from putatively glutamatergic terminals that establish asymmetric synapses, and 19% from other (non-GABAergic) sources of symmetric synapses. Double pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy using substance P and Met-/Leu-enkephalin antibodies to label GABAergic terminals from collaterals of "direct" and "indirect" striatal projection neurons, respectively, revealed that 47% of the indirect pathway terminals and 36% of the direct pathway terminals target ChIs. Together, substance P- and enkephalin-positive terminals represent 24% of all synapses onto ChIs in the monkey putamen. These findings show that ChIs receive prominent GABAergic inputs from multiple origins, including a significant contingent from axon collaterals of direct and indirect pathway projection neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalynda Kari Gonzales
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun XR, Chen L, Chen WF, Xue Y, Yung WH. Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on pallidal neurons in normal and parkinsonian rats. Synapse 2013; 67:831-8. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Sun
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071; China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071; China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071; China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology; Qingdao University; Qingdao 266071; China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR; China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Denizdurduran B, Sengor NS. A computational model of striatal neural microcircuit: how dopamine release becomes important to the striatal functions. BMC Neurosci 2013. [PMCID: PMC3704793 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-s1-p353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
30
|
High-frequency pallidal stimulation disrupts information flow through the pallidum by GABAergic inhibition. J Neurosci 2013; 33:2268-80. [PMID: 23392658 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4144-11.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), neuronal activity of the GPi and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) was examined during local electrical microstimulation in normal awake monkeys. Single-pulse stimulation of the GPi evoked brief inhibition in neighboring GPi neurons, which was mediated by GABA(A) receptors. High-frequency stimulation of the GPi completely inhibited spontaneous firings of GPi neurons by activation of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. Local single-pulse stimulation directly excited some GPi neurons. Such directly evoked responses were also inhibited by high-frequency stimulation through GABA(A) receptors. In contrast to the GPi, single-pulse and high-frequency stimulation of the GPe induced complex responses composed of GABAergic inhibition and glutamatergic excitation in neighboring GPe neurons. Cortically evoked triphasic responses of GPi neurons were completely inhibited during high-frequency GPi stimulation. These findings suggest that GPi-DBS dissociates inputs and outputs in the GPi by intense GABAergic inhibition and disrupts information flow through the GPi.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lynch S, Sivam SP. Dopamine and GABA Interaction in Basal Ganglia: GABA-A or GABA-B Receptor Stimulation Attenuates L-DOPA-Induced Striatal and Nigral ERK1/2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.36050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
What's the role of topiramate in the management of patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders? Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:24-30. [PMID: 22580517 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM) is an O-alkyl sulfamate derivative of the naturally occurring monosaccharide D-fructose with an epileptic activity. However, it has been suggested that, in addition to its use in epilepsy, TPM could also be used in the treatment of neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions and hyperkinetic movement disorders. The clinical applications of TPM in hyperkinetic movement disorders is consistent with the multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms e.g., the modulation of both γ-aminobutyric acidergic or glutamatergic neurotransmission and the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels or intracellular signalling pathways. The purpose of the present review is to describe the mechanisms of action of TPM and its clinical efficacy in patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Collapse
|
33
|
Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, Labate A, Malferrari G, Palleria C, Sarro GD. Post-stroke Movement Disorders: Clinical Manifestations and Pharmacological Management. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:254-62. [PMID: 23449883 PMCID: PMC3468879 DOI: 10.2174/157015912803217341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Involuntary abnormal movements have been reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Post stroke movement disorders can appear as acute or delayed sequel. At the moment, for many of these disorders the knowledge of pharmacological treatment is still inadequate. Dopaminergic and GABAergic systems may be mainly involved in post-stroke movement disorders. This article provides a review on drugs commonly used in post-stroke movement disorders, given that some post-stroke movement disorders have shown a partial benefit with pharmacological approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Siniscalchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Division, “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- Institute of Neurology, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Palleria
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang YR, Tseng CY, Chiou SY, Liao KK, Cheng SJ, Lai KL, Wang RY. Combination of rTMS and Treadmill Training Modulates Corticomotor Inhibition and Improves Walking in Parkinson Disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2012; 27:79-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968312451915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the brain has been shown to modulate cortical excitability. Combinations of rehabilitation therapies with rTMS might enhance the therapeutic effects. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-frequency rTMS followed by treadmill training on cortical inhibition and walking function in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods. A total of 20 patients with PD were randomized into an experimental group and a control group. Participants received rTMS (experimental group) or sham rTMS (control group) followed by treadmill training (30 minutes) for 12 sessions over 4 weeks. Repetitive TMS was applied at a 5-Hz frequency over the leg area of the motor cortex contralaterally to the more affected side for 6 minutes. Outcomes, including corticomotor inhibition and walking performance, were measured before and after training. Results. The results showed significant time effects on almost all corticomotor and functional variables. There are significant interaction effects between group and time of evaluation on the motor threshold, duration of the cortical silent period, and short interval intracortical inhibition of the contralateral hemisphere relatively to the more affected side as well as on the fast walking speed and timed up and go. Conclusions. The findings suggested that combination of rTMS and treadmill training enhances the effect of treadmill training on modulation of corticomotor inhibition and improvement of walking performance in those with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Ru Yang
- National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kwong-Kum Liao
- National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Lin Lai
- National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lütjens G, Krauss JK, Schwabe K. Lesions of the rat entopeduncular nucleus further deteriorate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist-induced deficient prepulse inhibition. Neurosci Lett 2012; 508:27-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
36
|
Pathophysiology of manganese-associated neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:881-6. [PMID: 22202748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a well established neurotoxin associated with specific damage to the basal ganglia in humans. The phenotype associated with Mn neurotoxicity was first described in two workers with occupational exposure to Mn oxide (Couper, 1837). Although the description did not use modern clinical terminology, a parkinsonian illness characterized by slowness of movement (bradykinesia), masked facies, and gait impairment (postural instability) appears to have predominated. Nearly 100 years later an outbreak of an atypical parkinsonian illness in a Chilean Mn mine provided a phenotypic description of a fulminant neurologic disorder with parkinsonism, dystonia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Rodier, 1955). Exposures associated with this syndrome were massive and an order of magnitude greater than modern exposures (Rodier, 1955; Hobson et al., 2011). The clinical syndrome associated with Mn neurotoxicity has been called manganism. Modern exposures to Mn occur primarily through occupations in the steel industry and welding. These exposures are often chronic and varied, occurring over decades in the healthy workforce. Although the severe neurologic disorder described by Rodier and Couper are no longer seen, several reports have suggested a possible increased risk of neurotoxicity in these workers (Racette et al., 2005b; Bowler et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2011). Based upon limited prior imaging and pathologic investigations into the pathophysiology of neurotoxicity in Mn exposed workers (Huang et al., 2003), many investigators have concluded that the syndrome spares the dopamine system distinguishing manganism from Parkinson disease (PD), the most common cause of parkinsonism in the general population, and a disease with characteristic degenerative changes in the dopaminergic system (Jankovic, 2005). The purpose of this symposium was to highlight recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of Mn associated neurotoxicity from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Dr. Aschner's presentation discussed mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal toxicity in C. elegans and demonstrates a compelling potential role of Mn in dopaminergic degeneration. Dr. Guilarte's experimental, non-human primate model of Mn neurotoxicity suggests that Mn decreases dopamine release in the brain without loss of neuronal integrity markers, including dopamine. Dr. Racette's presentation demonstrates a unique pattern of dopaminergic dysfunction in active welders with chronic exposure to Mn containing welding fumes. Finally, Dr. Dydak presented novel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy data in Mn exposed smelter workers and demonstrated abnormalities in the thalamus and frontal cortex for those workers. This symposium provided some converging evidence of the potential neurotoxic impact of Mn on the dopaminergic system and challenged existing paradigms on the pathophysiology of Mn in the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou FM, Lee CR. Intrinsic and integrative properties of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons. Neuroscience 2011; 198:69-94. [PMID: 21839148 PMCID: PMC3221915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The GABA projection neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are output neurons for the basal ganglia and thus critical for movement control. Their most striking neurophysiological feature is sustained, spontaneous high frequency spike firing. A fundamental question is: what are the key ion channels supporting the remarkable firing capability in these neurons? Recent studies indicate that these neurons express tonically active type 3 transient receptor potential (TRPC3) channels that conduct a Na-dependent inward current even at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. When the membrane potential reaches -60 mV, a voltage-gated persistent sodium current (I(NaP)) starts to activate, further depolarizing the membrane potential. At or slightly below -50 mV, the large transient voltage-activated sodium current (I(NaT)) starts to activate and eventually triggers the rapid rising phase of action potentials. SNr GABA neurons have a higher density of I(NaT), contributing to the faster rise and larger amplitude of action potentials, compared with the slow-spiking dopamine neurons. I(NaT) also recovers from inactivation more quickly in SNr GABA neurons than in nigral dopamine neurons. In SNr GABA neurons, the rising phase of the action potential triggers the activation of high-threshold, inactivation-resistant Kv3-like channels that can rapidly repolarize the membrane. These intrinsic ion channels provide SNr GABA neurons with the ability to fire spontaneous and sustained high frequency spikes. Additionally, robust GABA inputs from direct pathway medium spiny neurons in the striatum and GABA neurons in the globus pallidus may inhibit and silence SNr GABA neurons, whereas glutamate synaptic input from the subthalamic nucleus may induce burst firing in SNr GABA neurons. Thus, afferent GABA and glutamate synaptic inputs sculpt the tonic high frequency firing of SNr GABA neurons and the consequent inhibition of their targets into an integrated motor control signal that is further fine-tuned by neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, endocannabinoids, and H₂O₂.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F-M Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gittis AH, Hang GB, LaDow ES, Shoenfeld LR, Atallah BV, Finkbeiner S, Kreitzer AC. Rapid target-specific remodeling of fast-spiking inhibitory circuits after loss of dopamine. Neuron 2011; 71:858-68. [PMID: 21903079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine depletion alters neuronal activity in the direct and indirect pathways and leads to increased synchrony in the basal ganglia network. However, the origins of these changes remain elusive. Because GABAergic interneurons regulate activity of projection neurons and promote neuronal synchrony, we recorded from pairs of striatal fast-spiking (FS) interneurons and direct- or indirect-pathway MSNs after dopamine depletion with 6-OHDA. Synaptic properties of FS-MSN connections remained similar, yet within 3 days of dopamine depletion, individual FS cells doubled their connectivity to indirect-pathway MSNs, whereas connections to direct-pathway MSNs remained unchanged. A model of the striatal microcircuit revealed that such increases in FS innervation were effective at enhancing synchrony within targeted cell populations. These data suggest that after dopamine depletion, rapid target-specific microcircuit organization in the striatum may lead to increased synchrony of indirect-pathway MSNs that contributes to pathological network oscillations and motor symptoms of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryn H Gittis
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jin XT, Galvan A, Wichmann T, Smith Y. Localization and Function of GABA Transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the Basal Ganglia. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:63. [PMID: 21847373 PMCID: PMC3148782 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA transporter type 1 and 3 (GAT-1 and GAT-3, respectively) are the two main subtypes of GATs responsible for the regulation of extracellular GABA levels in the central nervous system. These transporters are widely expressed in neuronal (mainly GAT-1) and glial (mainly GAT-3) elements throughout the brain, but most data obtained so far relate to their role in the regulation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated postsynaptic tonic and phasic inhibition in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Taking into consideration the key role of GABAergic transmission within basal ganglia networks, and the importance for these systems to be properly balanced to mediate normal basal ganglia function, we analyzed in detail the localization and function of GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the globus pallidus of normal and Parkinsonian animals, in order to further understand the substrate and possible mechanisms by which GABA transporters may regulate basal ganglia outflow, and may become relevant targets for new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of basal ganglia-related disorders. In this review, we describe the general features of GATs in the basal ganglia, and give a detailed account of recent evidence that GAT-1 and GAT-3 regulation can have a major impact on the firing rate and pattern of basal ganglia neurons through pre- and post-synaptic GABA(A)- and GABA(B)-receptor-mediated effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Jin
- Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lesions of the entopeduncular nucleus in rats prevent apomorphine-induced deficient sensorimotor gating. Behav Brain Res 2011; 220:281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
41
|
Kreil A, Hamann M, Sander SE, Richter A. Changes in dynorphin immunoreactivity but unaltered density of enkephalin immunoreactive neurons in basal ganglia nuclei of genetically dystonic hamsters. Synapse 2011; 65:1196-203. [PMID: 21638337 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia is regarded as a basal ganglia disorder. In the dt(sz) hamster, a genetic animal model of paroxysmal dystonia, previous studies demonstrated a reduced density of striatal GABAergic interneurons which inhibit striatal GABAergic projection neurons. Although the disinhibition of striatal GABAergic projection neurons was evidenced in the dt(sz) hamster, alterations in their density have not been elucidated so far. Therefore, in the present study, the density of striatal methionin-(met-) enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive GABAergic neurons, which project to the globus pallidus (indirect pathway), was determined in dt(sz) and control hamsters to clarify a possible role of an altered ratio between striatal interneurons and projection neurons. Furthermore, the immunoreactivity of dynorphin A (DYN), which is expressed in entopeduncular fibers of striatal neurons of the direct pathway, was verified by gray level measurements to illuminate the functional relevance of an enhanced striato-entopeduncular neuronal activity previously found in dt(sz) hamsters. While the density of striatal ENK immunoreactive (ENK(+) ) neurons did not significantly differ between mutant and control hamsters, there was a significantly enhanced ratio between the DYN immunoreactive area and the whole area of the EPN in dt(sz) hamsters compared to controls. These results support the hypothesis that a disbalance between a reduced density of striatal interneurons and an unchanged density of striatal projection neurons causes imbalances in the basal ganglia network. The consequentially enhanced striato-entopeduncular inhibition leads to an already evidenced reduced activity and an altered firing pattern of entopeduncular neurons in the dt(sz) hamster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kreil
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstrasse 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
GABAergic neuronal precursor grafting: implications in brain regeneration and plasticity. Neural Plast 2011; 2011:384216. [PMID: 21766042 PMCID: PMC3135013 DOI: 10.1155/2011/384216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders are caused by a dysfunction of the GABAergic system that impairs or either stimulates its inhibitory action over its neuronal targets. Pharmacological drugs have generally been proved very effective in restoring its normal function, but their lack of any sort of spatial or cell type specificity has created some limitations in their use. In the last decades, cell-based therapies using GABAergic neuronal grafts have emerged as a promising treatment, since they may restore the lost equilibrium by cellular replacement of the missing/altered inhibitory neurons or modulating the hyperactive excitatory system. In particular, the discovery that embryonic ganglionic eminence-derived GABAergic precursors are able to disperse and integrate in large areas of the host tissue after grafting has provided a strong rationale for exploiting their use for the treatment of diseased brains. GABAergic neuronal transplantation not only is efficacious to restore normal GABAergic activities but can also trigger or sustain high neuronal plasticity by promoting the general reorganization of local neuronal circuits adding new synaptic connections. These results cast new light on dynamics and plasticity of adult neuronal assemblies and their associated functions disclosing new therapeutic opportunities for the near future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rekik L, Daguin-Nerrière V, Petit JY, Brachet P. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B receptor changes in the rat striatum and substantia nigra following intrastriatal quinolinic acid lesions. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:524-35. [PMID: 21290407 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the regional distribution of the metabotropic GABA type B receptors (GABA(B)) were investigated in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Animals received a unilateral intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA), and GABA(B) immunoreactivity was monitored 3, 11, and 21 days postinjection in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN). Two antibodies, recognizing either the GABA(B1) or the GABA(B2) receptor subtypes, were used. QA injection rapidly induced a protracted increase in GABA(B1) or GABA(B2) immunoreactivity in the lesioned striatum, despite the neuronal loss. In the SN, a continuous increase in GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) immunoreactivity was observed at all time points in the ipsilateral pars reticulata (SNr), whereas the pars compacta (SNc) was unaffected by this phenomenon. This increase was supported by a densitometric analysis. At day 21 postlesion induction, intensely labeled stellate cells and processes were found in the ipsilateral SNr, in addition to immunoreactive neurons. Double labeling of GABA(B1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that the stellate cells were reactive astrocytes. Hence, part of the sustained increase in GABA(B) immunoreactivity that takes place in the SNr and possibly the striatum may be ascribed to reactive astrocytes. It is suggested that GABA(B) receptors are up-regulated in these reactive astrocytes and that agonists might influence the extent of this astroglial reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letaïef Rekik
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, De Sarro G. Use of antiepileptic drugs for hyperkinetic movement disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:359-66. [PMID: 21629443 PMCID: PMC3080592 DOI: 10.2174/157015910793358187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies investigated the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in several neurological diseases other than epilepsy. These neurological disorders, usually, involve neuronal excitability through the modulating of ion channels, receptors and intracellular signaling pathways, and are the targets of the AEDs. This article provides a review of the clinical efficacy of both conventional and newer AEDs in hyperkinetic movement disorders. Some of these indications for AEDs have been established, while others are under investigation. The modulation of GABAergic transmission may explain the neuronal hyper-excitability that underlies some forms of hyperkinetic movement disorders. So, AEDs able to increase GABAergic neurotransmission may play a role in hyperkinetic movement disorders treatment. Therefore, AEDs could represent a useful therapeutic option in the management of hyperkinetic movement disorders where the available treatments are ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Siniscalchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Division, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - L Gallelli
- Pharmacology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G De Sarro
- Pharmacology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Effects of pharmacological entopeduncular manipulations on idiopathic dystonia in the dt sz mutant hamster. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:747-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Striatal GABAergic microcircuits are critical for motor function, yet their properties remain enigmatic due to difficulties in targeting striatal interneurons for electrophysiological analysis. Here, we use Lhx6-GFP transgenic mice to identify GABAergic interneurons and investigate their regulation of striatal direct- and indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We find that the two major interneuron populations, persistent low-threshold spiking (PLTS) and fast spiking (FS) interneurons, differ substantially in their excitatory inputs and inhibitory outputs. Excitatory synaptic currents recorded from PLTS interneurons are characterized by a small, nonrectifying AMPA receptor-mediated component and a NMDA receptor-mediated component. In contrast, glutamatergic synaptic currents in FS interneurons have a large, strongly rectifying AMPA receptor-mediated component, but no detectable NMDA receptor-mediated responses. Consistent with their axonal morphology, the output of individual PLTS interneurons is relatively weak and sparse, whereas FS interneurons are robustly connected to MSNs and other FS interneurons and appear to mediate the bulk of feedforward inhibition. Synaptic depression of FS outputs is relatively insensitive to firing frequency, and dynamic-clamp experiments reveal that these short-term dynamics enable feedforward inhibition to remain efficacious across a broad frequency range. Surprisingly, we find that FS interneurons preferentially target direct-pathway MSNs over indirect-pathway MSNs, suggesting a potential mechanism for rapid pathway-specific regulation of striatal output pathways.
Collapse
|
47
|
Galvan A, Hu X, Smith Y, Wichmann T. Localization and function of GABA transporters in the globus pallidus of parkinsonian monkeys. Exp Neurol 2010; 223:505-15. [PMID: 20138865 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The GABA transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 are abundant in the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi, respectively). We have shown that pharmacological blockade of either of these transporters results in decreased neuronal firing, and in elevated levels of extracellular GABA in normal monkeys. We now studied whether the electrophysiologic and biochemical effects of local intra-pallidal injections of GAT-1 and GAT-3 blockers, or the subcellular localization of these transporters, are altered in monkeys rendered parkinsonian by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The subcellular localization of the transporters in GPe and GPi, studied with electron microscopy immunoperoxidase, was similar to that found in normal animals: i.e., GAT-3 immunoreactivity was mostly confined to glial processes, while GAT-1 labeling was expressed in unmyelinated axons and glial processes. A combined injection/recording device was used to record the extracellular activity of single neurons in GPe and GPi, before, during and after administration of small volumes (1microl) of either the GAT-1 inhibitor, SKF-89976A hydrochloride (720ng), or the GAT-3 inhibitor, (S)-SNAP-5114 (500ng). In GPe, the effects of GAT-1 or GAT-3 blockade were similar to those seen in normal monkeys. However, unlike the findings in the normal state, the firing of most neurons was not affected by blockade of either transporter in GPi. These results suggest that, after dopaminergic depletion, the functions of GABA transporters are altered in GPi; without major changes in their subcellular localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Galvan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bowyer JF, Latendresse JR, Delongchamp RR, Warbritton AR, Thomas M, Divine B, Doerge DR. The mRNA expression and histological integrity in rat forebrain motor and sensory regions are minimally affected by acrylamide exposure through drinking water. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
49
|
Furmanski O, Gajavelli S, Lee JW, Collado ME, Jergova S, Sagen J. Combined extrinsic and intrinsic manipulations exert complementary neuronal enrichment in embryonic rat neural precursor cultures: an in vitro and in vivo analysis. J Comp Neurol 2009; 515:56-71. [PMID: 19399893 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerous central nervous system (CNS) disorders share a common pathology in dysregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory signaling. Transplantation of GABA-releasing cells at the site of disinhibition holds promise for alleviating disease symptoms with fewer side effects than traditional drug therapies. We manipulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 deprivation and mammalian achaete-scute homolog (MASH)1 transcription factor levels in an attempt to amplify the default GABAergic neuronal fate in cultured rat embryonic neural precursor cells (NPCs) for use in transplantation studies. Naïve and MASH1 lentivirus-transduced NPCs were maintained in FGF-2 or deprived of FGF-2 for varying lengths of time. Immunostaining and quantitative analysis showed that GABA- and beta-III-tubulin-immunoreactive cells generally decreased through successive passages, suggesting a loss of neurogenic potential in rat neurospheres expanded in vitro. However, FGF-2 deprivation resulted in a small, but significantly increased population of GABAergic cells derived from passaged neurospheres. In contrast to naïve and GFP lentivirus-transduced clones, MASH1 transduction resulted in increased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and clonal colony size. Western blotting showed that MASH1 overexpression and FGF-2 deprivation additively increased beta-III-tubulin and decreased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) expression, whereas FGF-2 deprivation alone attenuated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. These results suggest that low FGF-2 signaling and MASH1 activity can operate in concert to enrich NPC cultures for a GABA neuronal phenotype. When transplanted into the adult rat spinal cord, this combination also yielded GABAergic neurons. These findings indicate that, even for successful utilization of the default GABAergic neuronal precursor fate, a combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic manipulations will likely be necessary to realize the full potential of NSC grafts in restoring function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orion Furmanski
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
The localization of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors on dopaminergic neurons of the human substantia nigra. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009:59-70. [PMID: 20411768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-92660-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is comprised mainly of dopaminergic pigmented neurons arranged in groups, with a small population of nonpigmented neurons scattered among these groups. These different types of neurons possess GABAA, GABAB, and glycine receptors. The SNc-pigmented dopaminergic neurons have postsynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAAR) with a subunit configuration containing alpha3 and gamma2 subunits, with a small population of pigmented neurons containing alpha1 beta2,3 gamma2 subunits. GABAB receptors comprised of R1 and R2 subunits and glycine receptors are also localized on pigmented neurons. In contrast, nonpigmented (mainly parvalbumin positive neurons) located in the SNc are morphologically and neurochemically similar to substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons by showing immunoreactivity for parvalbumin and GABAARs containing immunoreactivity for alpha1, alpha3, beta2,3, and gamma2 subunits as well as GABAB R1 and R2 subunits and glycine receptors. Thus, these two neuronal types of the SNc, either pigmented dopaminergic neurons or nonpigmented parvalbumin positive neurons, have similar GABAB and glycine receptor combinations, but differ mainly in the subunit composition of the GABAARs located on their membranes. The different types of GABAARs suggest that GABAergic inputs to these neuronal types operate through GABAARs with different pharmacological and physiological profiles, whereas GABABR and glycine receptors of these cell types are likely to have similar properties.
Collapse
|