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Lian JJ, Cao YQ, Li YL, Yu G, Su RB. Flumazenil-Insensitive Benzodiazepine Effects in Recombinant αβ and Neuronal GABA A Receptors. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030150. [PMID: 32150806 PMCID: PMC7139822 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABAA) receptors are complex heterogeneous pentamers with various drug binding sites. Several lines of evidence suggest that benzodiazepines modulate certain GABAA receptors in a flumazenil-insensitive manner, possibly via binding sites other than the classical ones. However, GABAA receptor subtypes that contain non-classical benzodiazepine binding sites are not systemically studied. The present study investigated the high-concentration effects of three benzodiazepines and their sensitivity to flumazenil on different recombinant (α1β2, α2β2, α3β2, α4β2, α5β2 and α1β3) and native neuronal GABAA receptors using the whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology technique. The classical benzodiazepine diazepam (200 μmol/L) and midazolam (200 μmol/L) produced flumazenil-insensitive effects on α1β2 receptor, whereas the imidazopyridine zolpidem failed to modulate the receptor. Flumazenil-insensitive effects of diazepam were also observed on the α2β2, α3β2 and α5β2, but not α4β2 receptors. Unlike β2-containing receptors, the α1β3 receptor was insensitive to diazepam. Moreover, the diazepam (200 μmol/L) effects on some cortical neurons could not be fully antagonized by flumazenil (200 μmol/L). These findings suggested that the non-classical (flumazenil-insensitive) benzodiazepine effects depended on certain receptor subtypes and benzodiazepine structures and may be important for designing of subtype- or binding site- specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Yu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-66931621; Fax: +86-010-68211656
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Pérez-Torralba M, Claramunt RM, Angeles García M, López C, Torralba MC, Rosario Torres M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Structure of 1,5-benzodiazepinones in the solid state and in solution: Effect of the fluorination in the six-membered ring. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2156-67. [PMID: 24204428 PMCID: PMC3817505 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel tetrafluorinated 1,5-benzodiazepinones were synthesized and their X-ray structures determined. 6,7,8,9-Tetrafluoro-4-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group and 6,7,8,9-tetrafluoro-1,4-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one in the triclinic P−1 space group. Density functional theory studies at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were carried out on these compounds and on four non-fluorinated derivatives, allowing to calculate geometries, tautomeric energies and ring-inversion barriers, that were compared with the experimental results obtained by static and dynamic NMR in solution and in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Torralba
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Chen M, Ding MW. A simple and one-pot synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted 4,5-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepines. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A theoretical study of the conformation and dynamic properties of 1,5-benzodiazepines and their derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mossetti R, Saggiorato D, Tron GC. Exploiting the acylating nature of the imide-Ugi intermediate: a straightforward synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10258-62. [PMID: 22070376 DOI: 10.1021/jo2015054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple and novel protocol for the synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones with three points of diversity, exploiting the acylating properties of the recently rediscovered Ugi-imide. The final compounds can be easily prepared in three synthetic steps using a multicomponent reaction, a Staudinger reduction, and an acylative protocol, with good to excellent yields for each synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mossetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Abstract
1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-ones have applications in many areas of medicinal chemistry that are not restricted to 'classical' CNS treatments such as sedatives, epilepsy and muscle relaxants. We will describe selected examples of 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones in other areas of medicinal chemistry including uses as G-protein-coupled receptor antagonists, enzyme inhibitors and anticancer agents. Examples from our group will mainly show the use of palladacycle complexes of 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones as anticancer agents.
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McDonald IM, Austin C, Buck IM, Dunstone DJ, Griffin E, Harper EA, Hull RAD, Kalindjian SB, Linney ID, Low CMR, Pether MJ, Spencer J, Wright PT, Adatia T, Bashall A. Novel, Achiral 1,3,4-Benzotriazepine Analogues of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-Based CCK2 Antagonists That Display High Selectivity over CCK1 Receptors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2253-61. [PMID: 16570921 DOI: 10.1021/jm051219x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,3,4-benzotriazepine-based CCK(2) antagonists have been devised by consideration of the structural features that govern CCK receptor affinity and the receptor subtype selectivity of 1,4-benzodiazepine-based CCK(2) antagonists. In contrast to the latter compounds, these novel 1,3,4-benzotriazepines are achiral, yet they display similar affinity for CCK(2) receptors to the earlier molecules and are highly selective over CCK(1) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M McDonald
- James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London, SE24 9JE, UK.
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M. Mellor J, D. Merriman G, L. Mitchell P. Reaction of ortho-phenylenediamines with electron rich alkenes and formaldehyde. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hatano K, Kurono Y, Kuwayama T, Murakami A, Yashiro T, Ikeda K. Characterization of benzodiazepinooxazoles: crystal and molecular structure of trans and cis isomers of oxazolam. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80:1096-100. [PMID: 1687692 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of the trans and cis isomers of 2(S)- and 2(R)-oxazolam is described. A total of four molecular structures of the 11b(R) and 11b(S) diastereomers of 2(S)- and 2(R)-oxazolam have been revealed by X-ray diffraction techniques. 2(S)-Oxazolam crystallizes in space group P2(1)/c, with cell dimensions a = 16.180(2) A, b = 8.791(2) A, c = 13.574(2) A, and beta = 102.07(1) degrees. The molecule in an asymmetric unit exhibited disorder at the 2-carbon (C2) atom, and the structures for trans and cis isomers have been resolved crystallographically. 2(S)-Oxazolam forms polymeric chains with intermediation of ethanol through hydrogen bonding. 2(R)-Oxazolam crystallizes in space group P1, with cell dimensions a = 7.754(1) A, b = 8.654(1) A, c = 15.795(2) A, alpha = 104.09(1) degrees, beta = 91.19(1) degrees, and gamma = 114.00(1) degrees. A similar disorder at the C2 position has been elucidated by a mixture of trans- and cis-2(R)-oxazolams. The two 2(R)-oxazolam molecules form a dimer with a hydrogen bond net. The structural details, focusing on the conformation and molecular complex formation of both oxazolams, have been discussed in connection with the oxazolidine ring stability and the crystal polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hatano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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Mazurov AA, Dvorkin AA, Simonov YA, Andronati SA. Basic hydrolysis of 3-acetoxy-7-bromo-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzadiazepin-2-one. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00487438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Finner E, Zeugner H, Benson W. On 1,4-benzodiazepines and 1,5-benzodiazocines, XII: Solution-state conformation of KC-2846 and its interaction with hypothetical benzodiazepine receptor groups. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1989; 322:507-9. [PMID: 2557808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19893220810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Benzodiazepine-binding, immunoglobulin G class antibodies have been raised in three rabbits immunised with a conjugate of kenazepine coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The antibodies were assayed by [3H]flunitrazepam binding, followed by adsorption onto Staphylococcus aureus cells. Measurement of the rates of association and dissociation of [3H]flunitrazepam binding, together with saturation analysis of equilibrium binding, revealed varying degrees of heterogeneity in the affinity constants of the three rabbit antisera (equilibrium KD values 0.18 to 4.13 nM at 20-22 degrees). Specificity of the antibodies was investigated by testing a wide variety of compounds (at concentrations of up to 10-100 microM) for their ability to inhibit [3H]flunitrazepam binding. Only benzodiazepines known to act as agonists at their receptor sites in the central nervous system (CNS) caused an inhibition of binding. The rank orders of the IC50 values of these drugs for inhibition of [3H]flunitrazepam binding to IgG from two out of the three rabbits correlated significantly with that previously published for displacement of CNS receptor binding. The agonist beta-carboline derivative ZK 93423, the anxiolytic cyclopyrrolones suriclone and zopiclone and the purines inosine and hypoxanthine all failed to inhibit antibody binding, supporting previous suggestions that these drugs may bind at non-benzodiazepine recognition sites on the CNS receptor. The antibodies described are expected to provide useful reagents for raising anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against the CNS receptor and for the identification and purification of possible endogenous benzodiazepine receptor agonists in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Fry
- Department of Physiology, University College, London, U.K
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Radinov R, Haimova M, Simova E, Tyutyulkova N, Gorantcheva J. Pyrido[4,3-e]-1,4-diazepines and pyrido[4,3-b]-1,5-benzodiazepines: synthesis and affinity to brain benzodiazepine receptors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1987; 320:704-10. [PMID: 2823741 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19873200807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Finner E, Zeugner H. Effects of para- and meta-fluoro substitution of the 5-phenyl ring on its solution-state conformation in lactam-type 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1987; 320:179-82. [PMID: 3579519 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19873200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Klüfers P, Petersenn AV, Röder E. Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen bei Nefopamhydrochlorid. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19863190703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ankier SI. Recent progress in the development of new antidepressant drugs. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1986; 23:121-85. [PMID: 3310107 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Falch E, Hjeds H. Heterocyclic analogues of GABA: chemistry, molecular pharmacology and therapeutic aspects. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1985; 22:67-120. [PMID: 3014606 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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