1
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Song Z, Wang S, Yu H, Hu W, Yao L. Calculation of the anharmonic effect on the main reactions referring to ethylbenzene combustion mechanism. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zening Song
- Merchant Marine College Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China
| | - Shiye Wang
- Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime University Dalian China
| | - Hongjing Yu
- Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime University Dalian China
| | - Wenye Hu
- Merchant Marine College Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China
| | - Li Yao
- Merchant Marine College Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai China
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2
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Ferhoune I, Guemini M, Rezgui Y. Effect of the Chemical Structure of Hydrocarbons on the Emissions of CO, CO2 and Soot Precursors Issued from Cyclohexane and Benzene Premixed Flames. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158421040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Porfiriev DP, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Mechanism and kinetics of the oxidation of 1,3-butadien-1-yl ( n-C 4H 5): a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9198-9210. [PMID: 33885117 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-f12//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations of the C4H5O2 potential energy surface have been combined with Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus Master Equation (RRKM-ME) calculations of temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants and product branching ratios to unravel the mechanism and kinetics of the n-C4H5 + O2 reaction. The results indicate that the reaction is fast, with the total rate constant being in the range of 3.4-5.6 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The main products include 1-oxo-n-butadienyl + O and acrolein + HCO, with their cumulative yield exceeding 90% at temperatures above 1500 K. Two conformers of 1-oxo-n-butadienyl + O are formed via a simple mechanism of O2 addition to the radical site of n-C4H5 followed by the cleavage of the O-O bond proceeding via a van der Waals C4H5OO complex. Alternatively, the pathways leading to acrolein + HCO involve significant reorganization of the heavy-atom skeleton either via formal migration of one O atom to the opposite end of the molecule or its insertion into the C1-C2 bond. Not counting thermal stabilization of the initial peroxy adducts, which prevails at low temperatures and high pressures, all other products share a minor yield of under 5%. Rate constants for the significant reaction channels have been fitted to modified Arrhenius expressions and are proposed for kinetic modeling of the oxidation of aromatic molecules and 1,3-butadiene. As a secondary reaction, n-C4H5 + O2 can be a source for the formation of acrolein observed experimentally in oxidation of the phenyl radical at low combustion temperatures, whereas another significant (secondary) product of the C6H5 + O2 reaction, furan, could be formed through unimolecular decomposition of 1-oxo-n-butadienyl. Both the n-C4H5 + O2 reaction and unimolecular decomposition of its 1-oxo-n-butadienyl primary product are shown not to be a substantial source of ketene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Porfiriev
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russian Federation.
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4
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Cavallotti C, De Falco C, Pratali Maffei L, Caracciolo A, Vanuzzo G, Balucani N, Casavecchia P. Theoretical Study of the Extent of Intersystem Crossing in the O( 3P) + C 6H 6 Reaction with Experimental Validation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9621-9628. [PMID: 33125250 PMCID: PMC8016199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The extent of intersystem crossing in the O(3P) + C6H6 reaction, a prototypical system for spin-forbidden reactions in oxygenated aromatic molecules, is theoretically evaluated for the first time. Calculations are performed using nonadiabatic transition-state theory coupled with stochastic master equation simulations and Landau-Zener theory. It is found that the dominant intersystem crossing pathways connect the T2 and S0 potential energy surfaces through at least two distinct minimum-energy crossing points. The calculated channel-specific rate constants and intersystem crossing branching fractions differ from previous literature estimates and provide valuable kinetic data for the investigation of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons oxidation in interstellar, atmospheric, and combustion conditions. The theoretical results are supported by crossed molecular beam experiments with electron ionization mass-spectrometric detection and time-of-flight analysis at 8.2 kcal/mol collision energy. This system is a suitable benchmark for theoretical and experimental studies of intersystem crossing in aromatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cavallotti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo De Falco
- Dipartimento
di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Luna Pratali Maffei
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Caracciolo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology
and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Vanuzzo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology
and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nadia Balucani
- Laboratory
of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology
and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Casavecchia
- Laboratory
of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology
and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Herbinet O, Husson B, Le Gall H, Battin‐Leclerc F. An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of
n‐
heptane, ethylbenzene, and
n‐
butylbenzene in a jet‐stirred reactor at pressures up to 10 bar. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Husson
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, LRGP Nancy F‐54000 France
| | - Hervé Le Gall
- Université de Lorraine CNRS, LRGP Nancy F‐54000 France
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6
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Li HB, Jia Q. Global ab initio exploration of potential energy surfaces for radical generation in the initial stage of benzene oxidation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16900-16908. [PMID: 35516412 PMCID: PMC9064423 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of benzene oxidation by molecular oxygen were explored using the anharmonic downward distortion following (ADDF) and artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) methods of the global reaction route mapping (GRRM) strategy. The reaction mechanism of benzene activation by initial molecular oxygen depends on the combustion temperature. At high temperature, the benzene molecule could be oxidized by abstracting hydrogen atoms and form the radical fragments, C6H5 and OOH. However, before reaching its auto-ignition point, the formation of a singlet bridging peroxide molecule C6H6O2 from the triplet reactants via electronic non-adiabatic transition will play a critical role in the increase of the combustion temperature by the generation of initial free radicals. Bridging peroxide C6H6O2 could isomerize to other stable isomers by a consecutive series of oxygen and hydrogen atom transfers. Importantly, these C6H6O2 isomers are vital sources of free radical generation in the initial stage of benzene oxidation. Free radicals, such as OOH, O, and OH, could be generated during the further oxidation of these oxygenated hydrocarbon species C6H6O2 due to the presence of active groups or sp3-C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- School of Ocean, Shandong University Weihai 264209 People's Republic of China
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7
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Prendergast MB, Kirk BB, Savee JD, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Masters KS, Blanksby SJ, da Silva G, Trevitt AJ. Formation and stability of gas-phase o-benzoquinone from oxidation of ortho-hydroxyphenyl: a combined neutral and distonic radical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4320-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02953h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The o-hydroxyphenyl radical reacts with O2 to form o-benzoquinone + OH and cyclopentadienone is assigned as a secondary product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Savee
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Kye-Simeon Masters
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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8
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Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM. Toward the Oxidation of the Phenyl Radical and Prevention of PAH Formation in Combustion Systems. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:7145-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509170x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S. N. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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9
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Detilleux V, Vandooren J. Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Evidences of a C7H6 Pathway in a Rich Toluene Flame. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10913-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Detilleux
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de la Combustion, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. Vandooren
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de la Combustion, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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10
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Hayes CJ, Hadad CM. Combustion Pathways of the Alkylated Heteroaromatics: Bond Dissociation Enthalpies and Alkyl Group Fragmentations. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:12370-9. [PMID: 19405499 DOI: 10.1021/jp809356y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrigan J. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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11
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Hayes CJ, Merle JK, Hadad CM. The chemistry of reactive radical intermediates in combustion and the atmosphere. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3160(08)00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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12
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Ichino T, Wren SW, Vogelhuber KM, Gianola AJ, Lineberger WC, Stanton JF. The vibronic level structure of the cyclopentadienyl radical. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:084310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2973631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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13
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Sabia P, Romeo F, de Joannon M, Cavaliere A. VOC destruction by water diluted hydrogen mild combustion. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:330-7. [PMID: 17287008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study represents a preliminary numerical evaluation of the effect of steam dilution and hydrogen addition on the oxidation of formaldehyde and benzene, chosen as representative of the volatile organic compounds (VOC), in mild condition by evaluating the autoignition time and the steady state attainment. These parameters are important in the design of thermal VOC destruction plants since they influence the abatement efficiency and, therefore, the plant dimension. It has come out that, in comparison with the system diluted in nitrogen, steam induces lower autoignition times and, on the other hand, longer times for the attainment of the steady state. In contrast, for very high water content the autoignition time slightly increases. In particular results have shown that is possible to identify an optimum value of steam content that allows for the attainment of the steady state condition by the lowest residence time. Hydrogen addition to systems diluted in nitrogen promotes the oxidation reactions and anticipates the steady state condition. In steam diluted systems hydrogen delays the autoignition of the mixtures even though anticipates the attainment of the complete destruction of the VOC. The rate of production analysis has showed that the H(2)/O(2) reactions, that promote the ignition and the destruction of VOC, are sensibly modified by the presence of water and hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sabia
- CIRPS-Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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14
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Bakali AE, Dupont L, Lefort B, Lamoureux N, Pauwels JF, Montero M. Experimental Study and Detailed Modeling of Toluene Degradation in a Low-Pressure Stoichiometric Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flame. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3907-21. [PMID: 17447734 DOI: 10.1021/jp067080z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and mole fraction profiles have been measured in laminar stoichiometric premixed CH4/O2/N2 and CH4/1.5%C6H5CH3/O2/N2 flames at low pressure (0.0519 bar) by using thermocouple, molecular beam/mass spectrometry (MB/MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. The present study completes our previous work performed on the thermal degradation of benzene in CH4/O2/N2 operating at similar conditions. Mole fraction profiles of reactants, final products, and reactive and stable intermediate species have been analyzed. The main intermediate aromatic species analyzed in the methane-toluene flame were benzene, phenol, ethylbenzene, benzylalcohol, styrene, and benzaldehyde. These new experimental results have been modeled with our previous model including submechanisms for aromatics (benzene up to p-xylene) and aliphatic (C1 up to C7) oxidation. Good agreement has been observed for the main species analyzed. The main reaction paths governing the degradation of toluene in the methane flame were identified, and it occurs mainly via the formation of benzene (C6H5CH3 + H = C6H6 + CH3) and benzyl radical (C6H5CH3 + H = C6H5CH2 + H2). Due to the abundance of methyl radicals, it was observed that recombination of benzyl and methyl is responsible for main monosubstitute aromatic species analyzed in the methane-toluene flame. The oxidation of these substitute species led to cyclopentadienyl radical as observed in a methane-benzene flame.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El Bakali
- Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR CNRS 8522 PC2A, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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15
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Yahyaoui M, Djebaïli-Chaumeix N, Dagaut P, Paillard CE, Heyberger B, Pengloan G. Ignition and oxidation of 1-hexene/toluene mixtures in a shock tube and a jet-stirred reactor: Experimental and kinetic modeling study. INT J CHEM KINET 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Han DH, Stuchinskaya T, Won YS, Park WS, Lim JK. Oxidative decomposition of aromatic hydrocarbons by electron beam irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(02)00405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Higgins B, Thomson MJ, Lucas D, Koshland CP, Sawyer RF. An experimental and numerical study of the thermal oxidation of chlorobenzene. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 42:703-717. [PMID: 11219697 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A combustion-driven flow reactor was used to examine the formation of chlorinated and non-chlorinated species from the thermal oxidation of chlorobenzene under post-flame conditions. Temperature varied from 725 to 1000 K, while the equivalence ratio was held constant at 0.5. Significant quantities of chlorinated intermediates, vinyl chloride and chlorophenol, were measured. A dominant C-Cl scission destruction pathway seen in pyrolytic studies was not observed. Instead, hydrogen-abstraction reactions prevailed, leading to high concentrations of chlorinated byproducts. The thermal oxidation of benzene was also investigated for comparison. Chemical kinetic modeling of benzene and chlorobenzene was used to explore reaction pathways. Two chlorobenzene models were developed to test the hypothesis that chlorobenzene oxidation follows a CO-expulsion breakdown pathway similar to that of benzene. For the temperatures and equivalence ratio studied, hydrogen abstraction by hydroxyl radicals dominates the initial destruction of both benzene and chlorobenzene. Chlorinated byproducts (i.e., chlorophenol and vinyl chloride) were formed from chlorobenzene oxidation in similar quantities and at similar temperatures to their respective analogue formed during benzene oxidation (i.e., phenol and ethylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Higgins
- Mech. Eng. Dept., California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo 93407, USA.
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18
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Burfeindt J, Homann KH. Formation and decomposition of chloroaromatic compounds in chlorine-containing benzene/oxygen flames. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 42:439-447. [PMID: 11219668 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Premixed chlorine-containing, fuel-rich, low-pressure benzene/oxygen flames were analysed for the formation of (oxygenated) chloroaromatic compounds and their radicals by means of the condensation/radical-scavenging method (Hausmann, M., Homann, K.-H., 1995. Ber. Busenges. Phys. Chem. 99, 853-862). Several chlorinated organic compounds (methyl chloride, t-butyl chloride, chlorobenzene, chloroform) were used as additives within a maximum concentration of 10% of total fuel. Product identification and quantification were performed by GC/MS. The extent of formation of chloroaromatic compounds in these flames was largest in the cases of chlorobenzene and chloroform as additives. For chlorobenzene, 12 different chloroaromatics could be analysed in between C7H7Cl and C12H9Cl. Their formation is mainly due to conversion of initial chlorobenzene into substituted or oxidised derivatives, or growth products. Additional chlorination of aromatics is shown to be of minor importance in chlorobenzene-containing flames. Three isomeric (o/m/p) scavenging products could be identified for the chlorophenyl radical. In the chloroform case, 15 chloroaromatics could be analysed in between C6H5Cl and C14H9Cl. The weak C-Cl bond in chloroform is responsible for the high extent of chloroaromatics formation, either by Cl abstraction from the additive or by chlorination reactions via Cl radicals. Additionally, specific pathways to (di)chloroaromatics and chlorinated fulvene-type structures are outlined via CHCl2 and CCl2 radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burfeindt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Schöbel A, Class AG, Krebs L, Braun-Unkhoff M, Wahl C, Frank P. Thermal destruction of benzene. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 42:591-599. [PMID: 11219684 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The thermal destruction of benzene in methane/air flue gas is studied experimentally using an atmospheric laminar flow reactor in laboratory scale. The reactor is operated at four different fuel equivalent ratios (phi = 0.06, 0.1,0.5, 3.7), and temperatures in the range from 850 to 973 K and realises a residence time of 5 s. Stable-species concentrations are measured by gas chromatography (GC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), where phenol, acetylene, formaldehyde, acrolein, methane and acetaldehyde are the major hydrocarbon products besides CO and CO2. The augmentation of the temperature from 850 to 973 K increases the benzene conversion rate from 55% to 99%. The experimental results for one fuel equivalent ratio (phi = 0.5) are compared to the benzene model proposed by Emdee et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1992) 2151-2161). A fair agreement is observed for the benzene consumption and the CO production throughout the temperature range considered here. The small hydrocarbons are not very well matched, which requires further research on the sub-models. Our experimental results on laboratory scale provide a database for the modelling of benzene oxidation in waste incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöbel
- Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, DLR Stuttgart, Germany.
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20
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Arion A, Baronnet F, Lartiges S, Birat JP. Characterization of emissions during the heating of tyre contaminated scrap. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 42:853-859. [PMID: 11219712 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the compounds (type and quantities) emitted during melting of organic contaminated scrap and to investigate the mechanism of their formation, an experimental set-up has been designed and built to study precisely the influence of temperature and gas atmosphere in the conditions of an electric arc furnace. These experiments lead to the determination of mass balances (C, H, O, S) and to the quantification of unburnt compounds (tars, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), polyaromatic compounds (PAHs)). Degradation conditions (gas atmosphere and temperature) corresponding to different areas in the electric furnace have also been investigated. Such experiments lead to a better understanding of degradation mechanisms; this interpretation is not possible from investigations performed in an industrial furnace since there are many uncontrolled parameters (large dispersion of the results).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arion
- IRSID Centre Procédés, USINOR, Voie Romaine, Maizières-lès-Metz, France
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