1
|
Behdin S, Monje A, Lin GH, Edwards B, Othman A, Wang HL. Effectiveness of Laser Application for Periodontal Surgical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1352-63. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
2
|
Junior JG, Marchesan MA, Souza-Gabriel AE, Vansan LP, Sousa-neto MD, Silva-Sousa YT. Ultra-Structural Changes at the Apical Stop Irradiated with CO2Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:345-9. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Gonçalves Junior
- Department of Endodontics, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Andréia Marchesan
- Department of Endodontics, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, University of São Paulo (FORP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Pascoal Vansan
- Department of Endodontics, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel D. Sousa-neto
- Department of Endodontics, University of São Paulo (FORP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara T.C. Silva-Sousa
- Department of Endodontics, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nomelini S, Souza-Gabriel A, Marchesan M, Sousa-Neto M, Silva-Sousa Y. Ultrastructural analysis of radicular dentine surface submitted to CO2laser at different parameters. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:737-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Comparative Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser and Fluoride Varnish for the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity. J Endod 2009; 35:971-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Radatti DA, Baumgartner JC, Marshall JG. A comparison of the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and rotary instrumention in root canal debridement. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 137:1261-6. [PMID: 16946431 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors evaluated the efficacy of an erbium,chromium: yttrium,scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser-powered hydrokinetic system (HKS) versus that of rotary instrumentation for root canal débridement. METHODS The authors studied four uninstrumented controls and two test groups of 18 matched pairs of teeth. Teeth from each pair underwent different instrumentation but received identical irrigation solutions. The instrumentation protocol involved either rotary instrumentation or the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The irrigation groups received 0.5 milliliter of distilled water or 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) between instruments. The authors measured the amount of debris remaining at 2 and 4 mm from the apex as a percentage of total lumen area. RESULTS Lased canals had significantly more debris than did canals that received rotary instrumentation (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .001). With distilled water irrigation, the debris remaining in lased canals at both the 2-and 4-mm levels was not statistically different from that remaining in uninstrumented controls. Rotary instrumentation yielded significantly less remaining debris than did laser instrumentation (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .001). With 5.25 percent NaOCl irrigation, there was no difference in remaining debris between the two groups (Wilcoxon signed rank test , P < .001). The lased group received significantly more irrigant than did the rotary group (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the débridement efficacy of the HKS with distilled water irrigation is unacceptable; with 5.25 percent NaOCl irrigation, it is similar to that of rotary instrumentation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS If the HKS is to be used for débridement, then NaOCl irrigation must be used for predictable tissue removal.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moshonov J, Stabholz A, Bar-Hilel R, Peretz B. Chemical analysis and surface morphology of enamel and dentin following 9.6mu CO2 laser irradiation versus high speed drilling. J Dent 2004; 33:427-32. [PMID: 15833399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present in vitro study was to determine whether there is a change in the chemical composition and surface morphology of enamel and dentin following 9.6mu CO2 laser irradiation and high-speed drilling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten permanent, non-carious, young premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were selected. The crowns were separated longitudinally into two equal parts at their mesiodistal axis. Two areas on the inner enamel surface of each specimen and two on the dentinal surface were selected. A high-speed drill and 9.6mu CO2 laser irradiation were applied to the selected enamel and dentinal areas. A random area on the unlased enamel and on the unlased dentin of each specimen served as controls. The morphology of the specimens was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Calcium, phosphorus and oxygen levels were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. RESULTS Mineral analysis revealed no significant difference in the mineral content of the enamel and dentin after laser irradiation or high speed drilling versus the control. Use of the high-speed drill on enamel and dentin resulted in very clear cavity margins, with characteristic grooves, whereas laser irradiation of enamel and dentin did not produce clear margins and the floor of the cavity displayed an irregular surface. CONCLUSIONS The 9.6mu CO2 laser appears to be a promising tool in the clinical setting. However, further investigation is indicated to ensure maximum effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Moshonov
- Department of Endodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
With the rapid development of laser technology, new lasers with a wide range of characteristics are now available and being used in various fields of dentistry. In the past two decades, much experience and knowledge has been gained. This article provides an overview of the current and possible future clinical applications of lasers in endodontics, including their use in alleviating dentinal hypersensitivity, modification of the dentin structure, pulp diagnosis, pulp capping and pulpotomy, cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, and endodontic surgery. Endodontic procedures for which conventional treatments cannot provide comparable results or are less effective are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stabholz
- Izador I Cabakoff Center for Advanced and Continuing Education in Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heya M, Sano S, Takagi N, Fukami Y, Awazu K. Wavelength and average power density dependency of the surface modification of root dentin using an MIR-FEL. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 32:349-58. [PMID: 12766957 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surface modification of root dentin by mid-infrared (MIR) pulsed-laser irradiation is one of the candidates for a novel, non-invasive treatment to prevent root surface caries. To modify root dentin effectively and non-invasively it is essential to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively the laser parameters, such as the wavelength and power density, required for surface modification. The key aspect is to bring about effective surface modification of the root dentin while minimizing the unwanted removal of the underlying dentin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a tunable, MIR Free Electron Laser with lambda = 8.8-10.6 microm, we have investigated macroscopically the extent of the surface modification (morphological and chemical changes) of root dentin. We have obtained experimental results related to the ablation depth, the MIR absorption spectrum, and the elemental chemical composition. RESULTS The observations showed that the surface modification of root dentin was inclined toward well-recrystallized HAp-like material, leading to an increase in the acid resistance and dentinal tubule sealing. The laser parameters, at which efficient surface modification without enhanced ablation occurred, were estimated to be approximately in the wavelength region around lambda = approximately 9.0 or approximately 9.7 microm and in the average power density region of approximately 10-20 W/cm2 (resulting in total energy density and peak power density regions of approximately 1-2 kJ/cm2 and approximately 0.67-1.2 kW/cm2). CONCLUSIONS The surface modification of root dentin strongly depends on the laser parameters applied. We conclude that the optimum wavelengths for laser treatment of root surface caries are lambda = approximately 9.0 or approximately 9.7 microm, corresponding to the absorption peak due to P-O stretching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Heya
- Institute of Free Electron Laser, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-9-5 Tsuda-Yamate, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0128, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barone A, Covani U, Crespi R, Romanos GE. Root surface morphological changes after focused versus defocused CO2 laser irradiation: a scanning electron microscopy analysis. J Periodontol 2002; 73:370-3. [PMID: 11990437 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.4.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have observed damages to root surfaces treated by CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam. The morphologic changes observed were always associated with temperature increase induced by high energy release. METHODS The purpose of this study was to analyze by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the effects of CO2 laser in 2 different modes on root surfaces. Study samples consisted of 30 extracted single-rooted periodontally compromised human teeth. Root specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A (12) treated with CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam of 0.8 mm; group B (12) treated with CO2 laser in pulsed mode with defocused beam of 4 mm; and group C (6), untreated controls. RESULTS Group A (continuous mode) showed severe damages to dentin surfaces such as craters and fissures. Group B (defocused mode) did not result in any damages to the root surfaces, showing flat and smooth surfaces with apparent fusion of the smear layer and dentinal tubules almost completely sealed. The untreated control group was characterized by irregular and amorphous surfaces with several shallow depressions. CONCLUSIONS Although both laser modes resulted in changes to the treated root surface specimens, the changes resulting in a smooth surface from use of defocused pulsed beam may present an advantage in periodontal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Barone
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 and the application of the laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in endodontics have been published. The purpose of this paper is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, sterilization of root canals, root canal shaping and obturation and apicectomy. The effects of laser on root canal walls and periodontal tissues are also reviewed. The essential question is whether a laser can provide equal or improved treatment over conventional care. Secondary issues include treatment duration and cost/benefit ratio. This article reviews the role of lasers in endodontics since the early 1970s, summarizes many research reports from the last decade, and surmises what the future may hold for lasers in endodontics. With the potential availability of many new laser wavelengths and modes, much interest is developing in this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
González M, Banderas JA, Rodríguez V, Castaño VM. Particle-induced X-ray emission and scanning electron microscopic analyses of the effects of CO2 laser irradiation on dentinal structure. J Dent 1999; 27:595-600. [PMID: 10528977 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(99)00035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the physico-chemical changes present on the dentinal surface after using CO2 laser irradiation, and to determine whether or not it is possible to seal the dentinal tubules. METHODS Thirty human-extracted first premolars were obtained for this study. A Class V cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of all the specimens with a carbide pear-shaped bur, using a conventional high speed handpiece. Fifteen premolars (experimental group) were irradiated with a CO2 laser (with a wavelength of 10.6 microm, 2 W, 10 J, 0.2 s, 25 pulses). The remaining 15 premolars were used as the control group. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy showed that the effect of laser energy on dentin varied from charring, cratering, poring, fissuring, fracturing and cracking up to melting; also, the dentinal tubules were not sealed, in contrast with the control group in which the dentinal surfaces were more homogeneous. Particle-induced X-ray emission results showed that the irradiated dentinal surface presented a decrease in calcium content and an increase in phosphorous content, possibly due to a vaporization process which occurred during the irradiation. CONCLUSION The physicochemical changes observed on the irradiated dentinal surface suggest that changes in the hydroxyapatite crystal structure take place, and that these structural changes may be responsible for the observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M González
- CIEAO Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, UAEM, Bo. de Santa Cruz, Edo. Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eto JN, Niu W, Takeda FH, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Morphological and atomic analytical changes of root canal wall dentin after treatment with thirty-eight percent Ag(NH3)2F solution and CO2 laser. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 1999; 17:19-24. [PMID: 10204444 DOI: 10.1089/clm.1999.17.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The morphological and atomic analytical changes of the root canal wall dentin, treated with 38% diamine silver fluoride [Ag(NH3)2F] solution and irradiated by carbon dioxide (CO2) laser at the continuous wave mode were evaluated in vitro. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA There has been no report on the morphological or atomic analytical changes of the effect of Ag(NH3)2F solution and CO2 laser on root canal walls. METHODS Eighty extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using a conventional technique and randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 teeth each. The teeth in group 1 were neither treated with Ag(NH3)2F solution nor lased. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were irradiated by laser at the parameters of 1, 2, and 3 W for 10 seconds, respectively. Group 5 was treated with Ag(NH3)2F solution only. The other 3 groups were treated with Ag(NH3)2F solution and then lased by the same method as groups 2, 3, and 4. After this treatment, 4 specimens each from group 1, 5, and 6 were analyzed by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and other specimens in all groups were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The smear layer and debris of the control and lased specimens were not completely removed, but the areas of carbonization of evaporation of smear layer and open dentinal tubules were observed on the specimens treated with Ag(NH3)2F and lased at 1 W (group 6). After laser irradiation, the amount of silver on the root canal surfaces was significantly reduced to approximately one-third level on the measurement of SEM-EDX (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CO2 laser is an effective method to remove or melt smear layer of root canal walls after treatment with 38% Ag(NH3)2F solution if an appropriate parameter is selected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J N Eto
- Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anić I, Segović S, Katanec D, Prskalo K, Najzar-Fleger D. Scanning electron microscopic study of dentin lased with argon, CO2, and Nd:YAG laser. J Endod 1998; 24:77-81. [PMID: 9641135 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare morphological changes on the dentin surface induced by laser light delivered perpendicular or parallel to the dentin surface. The surface of the dentin slices and the root canal walls were lased with argon, CO2, and Nd:YAG lasers. When the laser beam was parallel to the dentin, the effects of the laser energy ranged from no effect to eroding and melting of the smear layer and dentin in the samples. When the laser beam was perpendicular to the surface, all three lasers produced well-shaped craters. From this, it was concluded that the angle of the laser beam in relation to the target surface can be a deciding factor of how much energy will be absorbed by the dentin and consequently of the morphological changes induced by the laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Anić
- Department of Dental Pathology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arakawa S, Cobb CM, Rapley JW, Killoy WJ, Spencer P. Treatment of root fracture by CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers: an in vitro study. J Endod 1996; 22:662-7. [PMID: 9220751 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(96)80060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to use scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy to evaluate the feasibility of using either the CO2 laser or an Nd:YAG laser in combination with air/water surface cooling to effect fusion of fractured tooth roots. The experimental unit consisted of 81 single-rooted teeth, each with an induced root fracture. Fifty-six teeth that had been reapproximated in dental stone and 25 teeth that had been reapproximated with C-clamps were assigned to untreated control groups or groups for treatment using CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers. Laser treatment consisted of multiple passes along the line of fracture, which was inspected using a dissecting microscope after each pass until a visual indication of fusion or irreparable damage resulted. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the treated lines revealed heat-induced fissures and cracks, areas of cementum meltdown and resolidification, crater formation, and separation of cementum from underlying dentin. In no instance-regardless of reapproximation technique, laser type, energy, and other parameters-did the treatment effect fusion of the fractured root halves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arakawa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City 64108, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anić I, Tachibana H, Masumoto K, Qi P. Permeability, morphologic and temperature changes of canal dentine walls induced by Nd: YAG, CO2 and argon lasers. Int Endod J 1996; 29:13-22. [PMID: 9206407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The permeability, temperature and morphologic changes of the wall of the root canal induced by Nd:YAG, CO2 and argon lasers were studied. The changes were evaluated according to the presence or absence of a smear layer. Root canals of 140 human single-rooted teeth were enlarged using a step-back technique. Permeability was evaluated by the extent of methylene blue dye penetration into the tubules. Temperature changes were measured using a thermovision system, and morphological changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Laser energy was delivered into the canal by means of a flexible optical fibre or metal tip. There were statistically significant differences in permeability between lased groups with and without a smear layer in the cervical third of the root canal following lasing. In the middle third of the root canal, all three laser types induced permeability increases in groups with a smear layer. In the apical third, statistically significantly decreases in permeability were observed among CO2 laser and Nd:YAG compared with control group (P < 0.01). Rises in temperature ranged from a minimum of +10.1 degrees C (CO2 laser) to a maximum of +54.8 degrees C (argon laser). All three laser devices appeared capable of producing a glazed-like surface and craters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Anić
- Department of Dental Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|