Cytotoxicity of Ketac Silver cement

Effect of orthodontic force on dental pulp histomorphology and tissue factor expression

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effects of orthodontic force on histomorphology and tissue factor expression in the dental pulp.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two reviewers comprehensively and systematically searched the literature in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest) up to September 2020. According to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Studies criteria, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the effects of orthodontic force on dental pulp were included. Case series/reports, laboratory-based or animal studies, reviews, and studies that did not investigate the association between orthodontic force and pulpal changes were excluded. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used to assess the risk of bias. The overall certainty level was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.

RESULTS

26 observational studies and five RCTs were included. A detailed qualitative analysis of articles showed a wide range of samples and applied methodologies concerning impact of orthodontic force on the dental pulp. The application of orthodontic force seems to promote several pulpal histomorphological changes, including tissue architecture, cell pattern, angiogenesis, hard tissue deposition, inflammation, and alteration of the expression levels of 14 tissue factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the included articles suggest that orthodontic forces may promote histomorphological changes in the dental pulp, due to the very low-level of evidence obtained, there could be no well-supported conclusion that these effects are actually due to orthodontic movement. Further studies with larger samples and improved methods are needed to support more robust conclusions.

In vitro investigation of aluminum and fluoride release from compomers, conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements: a standardized approach

The amount of fluoride release from dental cements necessary for an anticariogenic effect is not established: moreover, the possible toxic effects due to high fluoride and aluminum release are not well known and the results are still controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate fluoride (F) and aluminum (Al) release from dental cements using a 'standardized approach' according to the end-use of the materials, i.e. biocompatibility testing. Two polyacid-modified resin composites of recent application, commonly called compomers (Dyract and Dyract Cem), were compared with two conventional acid-based (Fuji I, Ketac-Cem) and two resin-modified (Vitremer, Vitrebond) glass-ionomer cements (GICs). All types of cement are used in dentistry and are commercially available. Extracts of the cements into minimum essential medium, after setting over a 1-h (group A) and 1-week (group B) period, were performed. The extraction conditions were rigorously standardized. Mean values +/- standard deviation of F- and Al-levels in such extracts were measured and were expressed as microg g(-1) (micrograms of ions per gram of cement). A great difference in the amount of ion release, both F and Al, was shown among the tested materials. The GICs, as well as Ketac-Cem, released more F and Al than the compomers. All of the materials released the greatest proportion of ions when the extraction was performed in the first hour after mixing (group A). Al- and F-values showed a highly significant positive correlation, independently from the curing time. We conclude that the biological assessment of dental cements can be performed only if a pre-evaluation of the leachables is obtained by applying a standardized protocol which allows a useful comparison between the different materials.

Reaction of bony tissue to implanted silver glass ionomer and a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the tissue responses to implants of Ketac Silver and Super EBA cement in the guinea pig mandible.

STUDY DESIGN

Sixteen guinea pigs were used for 2 experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks. Both materials were placed in Teflon applicators and implanted into surgically prepared sites in the mandible. A histologic examination for reaction to the material occurred after the animals were killed and processed.

RESULTS

After 4 weeks, minimal inflammatory reactions were observed in Ketac Silver implants, whereas the Super EBA implants showed minimal to moderate inflammation. Localized foreign body reaction was present in areas of fragmented small particles of Ketac Silver. At 12-weeks observation, no inflammatory reactions were present around either material. Direct bone contact was observed in 1 Ketac Silver implant.

CONCLUSIONS

Ketac Silver and Super EBA cement elicited mild reactions under the conditions of this model. From a biologic point of view, these 2 materials may offer equal utility in endodontic surgery.

Dental materials citations: Part A, January to June 1997

OBJECTIVE

A search was conducted in biomedical journals published from January 1997 to June 1997 to identify all dental materials publications and sort them into major categories.

METHODS

Tables of contents for 79 journals for the period of January to June, 1997 were inspected and divided into 17 categories. Citations were analyzed by both frequency in journals and in categories, as well as compared to frequencies for previous years.

RESULTS

A total of 445 citations were detected in 79 journals for the period January 1997 to June 1997. Certain journals (n = 19) demonstrated a higher citation frequency (> or = 10 citations for 6 months) and represented 77.8% of all citations. The greatest number of citations continued to involve bonding (n = 97), resin-based restorative materials (composites; glass ionomers) (n = 95), prosthodontic materials (n = 51), and pulp protection/luting materials (n = 48). Frequencies by category were very similar to those for the last four years.

SIGNIFICANCE

The compiled literature citations provide a supplement for researchers and academicians seeking information in existing electronic databases.