Impacto de la rehabilitación cardiaca en pacientes con falla cardiaca de origen isquémico

Changes in functional capacity of heart failure patients following a cardiac rehabilitation program

PURPOSE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program on functional capacity in patients with heart failure at a high-complexity hospital in the city of Cali during the period from 2017 to 2023.

METHODS

A retrospective descriptive study that included 127 patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with heart failure, who completed 36 rehabilitation sessions with complete records of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), anthropometric and physiological measurements at the beginning and end of the program. Categorical variables were summarized as absolute frequencies and percentages. For dependent variables, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples was applied. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.

RESULTS

The median age was 65 years. Overall, a significant improvement was observed in the distance covered during the walk test and oxygen consumption with the CR program. In patients under 60 years of age, the distance increased from 479.0 to 598.5 meters, while in the group over 60 years, the distance improved from 419.0 to 523.0 meters.

CONCLUSION

The CR program proved to be effective in improving functional capacity and quality of life in patients. These findings highlight the importance of implementing structured rehabilitation programs for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

[Characteristics of the population in phase II of cardiac rehabilitation in a level IV clinic]

Objectives

To characterize the population attending phase II of cardiac rehabilitation at the Colombia University Clinic, from August 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Establish the prevalence of risk factors and the ten most frequent diagnoses at admission.

Materials and Methods

Quantitative descriptive study. A database of patients who completed 24 exercise sessions was systematically analyzed.

Results

Of 1,737 subjects included, 61.5% were men. The average age was 63 years. The B.M.I. average was 26.7 kg/m2 (Preobesity). The prevalent risk factors were: Sedentary lifestyle (71.2%), Pre-obesity-obesity (71.2%), HBP (66.1%), Abdominal obesity (60.5%), Dyslipidemia (56.9%), Smoking (42.8%), Diabetes (24.1%). 70.5 % of the population had a preserved ejection fraction, 11.8 °% had a borderline ejection fraction, and 13.9% had a reduced ejection fraction. Overweight prevailed in men, while grade I - II and abdominal obesity prevailed in women.

Conclusion

Sedentary lifestyle and overweight/obesity are the main risk factors affecting our population. Our program should strengthen nutritional guidance and promote caloric expenditure through physical exercise as control measures.

Research on heart failure in Colombia 1980-2015: a systematic review

Introducción. La falla cardíaca es una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial. En Colombia no se conoce con certeza el estado de la investigación en torno al tema.Objetivo. Describir las publicaciones originales en falla cardíaca en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática. Búsqueda electrónica en Embase, PubMed, LILACS Y SciELO, con términos MeSH: “heart failure”, “colombian”, “Colombia”, “Latin America”, “developing countries”. Búsqueda manual en 58 revistas identificadas en Publindex. Se incluyeron investigaciones originales, publicadas entre 1980 y 2015, que evaluaron población adulta colombiana con falla cardíaca.Resultados. Se identificaron 2 684 artículos: 35 cumplieron criterios de inclusión; 30 (85.7%) fueron publicados a partir del 2009; 30 (85.7%) se realizaron en Bogotá y Medellín; 11 (31.4%) tuvieron n>200; 19 (54.2%) fueron descriptivos y 5 (14.2%) cuasiexperimentales; 9 (25.7%) describieron poblaciones generales; 9 (25.7%) abordaron el tema del autocuidado, 3 (8.8%), la rehabilitación cardíaca, 3 (8.8%), la percepción de enfermedad y 3 (8.8%), los factores pronósticos.Conclusión. El número de investigaciones originales publicadas sobre falla cardíaca es escaso; la mayoría se realizó en los últimos años. El diseño descriptivo fue el más común. Los temas abordados con mayor frecuencia fueron el autocuidado y las descripciones poblacionales.