Glutathione transferase polymorphism and Parkinson's disease

On enzyme-based anticancer molecular dietary manipulations

Evidence from both epidemiological and experimental observations has fuelled the belief that the high consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in nutrients and phytochemicals may help prevent cancer and heart disease in humans. This concept has been drastically simplified from the dietary approaches to the use of single bioactive components both as a single supplement or in functional foods to manipulate xenobiotic metabolism. These procedures, which aim to induce mutagen/carcinogen detoxification or inhibit their bioactivation, fail to take into account the multiple and paradoxical biological outcomes of enzyme modulators that make their effects unpredictable. Here, we show that the idea that the physiological roles of specific catalysts may be easily manipulated by regular long-term administration of isolated nutrients and other chemicals derived from food plants is not viable. In contrast, we claim that the consumption of healthy diets is most likely to reduce mutagenesis and cancer risk, and that both research endeavours and dietary recommendations should be redirected away from single molecules to dietary patterns as a main strategy for public health policy.

Pitfalls of enzyme-based molecular anticancer dietary manipulations: food for thought

Dietary approaches to cancer chemoprevention increasingly have focused on single nutrients or phytochemicals to stimulate one or another enzymatic metabolizing system. These procedures, which aim to boost carcinogen detoxification or inhibit carcinogen bioactivation, fail to take into account the multiple and paradoxical biological outcomes of enzyme modulators that make their effects unpredictable. Here, we critically examine the scientific and medical evidence for the idea that the physiological roles of specific enzymes may be manipulated by regular, long-term administration of isolated nutrients and other chemicals derived from food plants. Instead, we argue that consumption of healthful diets is most likely to reduce mutagenesis and cancer risk, and that research efforts and dietary recommendations should be redirected away from single nutrients to emphasize the improvement of dietary patterns as a principal strategy for public health policy.