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Karnaukhova E. C1-Inhibitor: Structure, Functional Diversity and Therapeutic Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:467-488. [PMID: 34348603 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human C1-Inhibitor (C1INH), also known as C1-esterase inhibitor, is an important multifunctional plasma glycoprotein that is uniquely involved in a regulatory network of complement, contact, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems. C1INH belongs to a superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpins) and exhibits its inhibitory activities towards several target proteases of plasmatic cascades, operating as a major anti-inflammatory protein in the circulation. In addition to its inhibitory activities, C1INH is also involved in non-inhibitory interactions with some endogenous proteins, polyanions, cells and infectious agents. While C1INH is essential for multiple physiological processes, it is better known for its deficiency with regards to Hereditary Angioedema (HAE), a rare autosomal dominant disease clinically manifested by recurrent acute attacks of increased vascular permeability and edema. Since the link was first established between functional C1INH deficiency in plasma and HAE in the 1960s, tremendous progress has been made in the biochemical characterization of C1INH and its therapeutic development for replacement therapies in patients with C1INH-dependent HAE. Various C1INH biological activities, recent advances in the HAE-targeted therapies, and availability of C1INH commercial products have prompted intensive investigation of the C1INH potential for treatment of clinical conditions other than HAE. This article provides an updated overview of the structure and biological activities of C1INH, its role in HAE pathogenesis, and recent advances in the research and therapeutic development of C1INH; it also considers some trends for using C1INH therapeutic preparations for applications other than angioedema, from sepsis and endotoxin shock to severe thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993. United States
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2) in craniofacial bones mediates osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The distortion of proper craniofacial bone growth may cause class II and class III skeletal malocclusion and result in compromised function and aesthetics. Here, we investigated the association between variations in FGFR2 and skeletal malocclusions. First, 895 subjects were included in a 2-stage case-control study with independent populations (stage 1: n = 138 class I, 111 class II, and 81 class III; stage 2: n = 279 class I, 187 class II, and 99 class III). Eight candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 were screened and validated. Five SNPs (rs2162540, rs2981578, rs1078806, rs11200014, and rs10736303) were found to be associated with skeletal malocclusions (all P < 0.05). That is, rs2162540 was significantly associated with skeletal class II malocclusion, while others were associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the common genotypes of rs2981578 and rs10736303 contained the binding sites of RUNX2 and SMAD4. Compared with the common genotypes, the minor genotypes at these 2 SNPs decreased the binding affinity and enhancer effect of RUNX2 and SMAD4, as well the levels of FGFR2 expression. In addition, FGFR2 expression contributed positively to osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Thus, we identified FGFR2 as a skeletal malocclusion risk gene, and FGFR2 polymorphisms regulated its transcriptional expression and then osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Jiang
- Orthodontic Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L. Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Y. Zou
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Q. Ding
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - R.D. Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H. Chen
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - H. Li
- Orthodontic Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gemenetzi M, Lotery AJ. Complement pathway biomarkers and age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1-14. [PMID: 26493033 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 'inflammation model', local inflammation plus complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Multiple genetic associations have now been established correlating the risk of development or progression of AMD. Stratifying patients by their AMD genetic profile may facilitate future AMD therapeutic trials resulting in meaningful clinical trial end points with smaller sample sizes and study duration.
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Dong Y, Li ZD, Fang XY, Shi XF, Chen S, Tang X. Association between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration: Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:385-94. [PMID: 25938061 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between SERPING1 rs2511989 (G>A) polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A number of electronic databases (up to July 15, 2014) were searched independently by two investigators. A Meta-analysis was performed on the association between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS Eight studies with 16 cohorts consisting of 9163 cases and 6813 controls were included in this Meta-analysis. There was no significant association between rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD under all genetic models in overall estimates (A vs G: OR= 0.938, 95%CI =0.858-1.025; AA vs GG:OR =0.871, 95%CI =0.719-1.056; AG vs GG: OR =0.944, 95%CI =0.845-1.054; AA+AG vs GG: OR =0.927, 95% CI =0.823-1.044; AA vs AG+GG: OR =0.890, 95%CI =0.780-1.034). Cumulative Meta-analyses also showed a trend of no association between rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD as information accumulated by year. Subgroup analysis and Meta-regression analysis indicated that age-matching status was the main source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis found the results in overall comparisons and subgroup comparisons of white subjects under the allele model were found to have significantly statistical differences after studies deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were excluded (overall: OR=0.918, 95%CI = 0.844-0.999, P =0.049; whites: OR =0.901, 95%CI = 0.817-0.994, P =0.038). However, the results were not sufficiently robust for further sensitivity analysis and statistical differences disappeared on applying Bonferroni correction (with a significance level set at 0.05/25). CONCLUSION This Meta-analysis indicates that SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD tend to have no association with each other. Age matching status is a big confounding factor, and more studies with subtle designs are warranted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China ; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China ; Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shi
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
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Liu K, Lai TYY, Ma L, Lai FHP, Young AL, Brelen ME, Tam POS, Pang CP, Chen LJ. Ethnic differences in the association of SERPING1 with age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9424. [PMID: 25800435 PMCID: PMC4371106 DOI: 10.1038/srep09424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) are leading causes of irreversible blindness in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G, member 1 (SERPING1) gene with neovascular AMD and PCV. Two haplotype-tagging SNPs, rs1005510 and rs11603020, of SERPING1 were genotyped in 708 unrelated Chinese individuals: 200 neovascular AMD, 233 PCV and 275 controls. A meta-analysis was also performed for all reported associations of SERPING1 SNPs with AMD and PCV. None of the tagging SNPs had a significant association with neovascular AMD or PCV (P > 0.05) in our study cohort. The meta-analyses showed that the most-studied SNP rs2511989 was not significantly associated with all forms of AMD, neovascular AMD, or PCV in East Asians (P = 0.98, 0.93 and 0.30, respectively) but was associated with AMD in Caucasians (P = 0.04 for all AMD and 0.004 for neovascular AMD). Therefore, the results of our study and meta-analysis suggest that SERPING1 is not a major genetic component of AMD or PCV in East Asians but is a genetic risk factor for AMD in Caucasians, providing evidence for an ethnic diversity in the genetic etiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China [3] Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frank H P Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marten E Brelen
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pancy O S Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Warwick A, Khandhadia S, Ennis S, Lotery A. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Disease of Systemic or Local Complement Dysregulation? J Clin Med 2014; 3:1234-57. [PMID: 26237601 PMCID: PMC4470180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. The role of complement in the development of AMD is now well-established. While some studies show evidence of complement dysregulation within the eye, others have demonstrated elevated systemic complement activation in association with AMD. It is unclear which one is the primary driver of disease. This has important implications for designing novel complement-based AMD therapies. We present a summary of the current literature and suggest that intraocular rather than systemic modulation of complement may prove more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Warwick
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Samir Khandhadia
- Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Genomic Informatics, Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Andrew Lotery
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Eye Unit, University Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Ma YB, Fu SY, Ma YH, Liu HL. Relationship between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1434-42. [PMID: 25352749 PMCID: PMC4203579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the relationship between a common polymorphism (rs2511989 G>A) in the SERPING1 gene and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched for relevant articles published before November 1, 2013, without any language restrictions. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. We calculated a crude odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to evaluate the relationships under five genetic models. RESULTS Seven case-control studies with a total of 7,159 patients with AMD and 5,797 healthy subjects met the inclusion criteria. The results of our meta-analysis showed that the SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism might be correlated with an increased risk of AMD (G allele versus A allele: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03-1.15, p = 0.020; GG + GA versus AA: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.26, p = 0.014; GG versus GA+AA: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.19, p = 0.012; GG versus AA: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07-1.34, p = 0.002; respectively). Results of subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed positive correlations between the SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and risk of AMD among Caucasians under five genetic models (all p<0.05), but not among Asians (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis shows that the SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism may have a positive effect on the risk of AMD, especially among Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Ying Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Ma
- Liaoning Electric Power Spa Sanatorium of Xingcheng City, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Abstract
The last decade has produced pivotal change in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of global blindness. In this time, the complement system has featured as a unifying theme for several elements of new evidence: initially, the discovery of complement proteins within drusen and subsequently, the association between AMD and mutations in various complement pathway genes, most notably complement factor H. Increasingly, a wealth of data are pointing towards a role for chronic local inflammation and complement activation in the patho-aetiology of AMD. These findings have paved the way for the exploration of a new paradigm of therapy in AMD management; targeting of specific molecular constituents in the complement pathway thus producing dampening or inhibition of the inflammatory response. Such an approach has the potential to intervene earlier in the disease process and ideally before vision is compromised. In this review we discuss the role of the complement system in AMD, novel therapies in preclinical evaluation and clinical trial, and whether these have a part to play in reducing the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Troutbeck
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Baas DC, Ho L, Tanck MW, Fritsche LG, Merriam JE, van het Slot R, Koeleman BP, Gorgels TG, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, de Jong PT, Hofman A, ten Brink JB, Vingerling JR, Klaver CC, Dean M, Weber BHF, Allikmets R, Hageman GS, Bergen AA. Multicenter cohort association study of SLC2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 2012; 18:657-74. [PMID: 22509097 PMCID: PMC3324365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in older adults and has a genetically complex background. This study examines the potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1) gene and AMD. SLC2A1 regulates the bioavailability of glucose in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which might influence oxidative stress-mediated AMD pathology. METHODS Twenty-two SNPs spanning the SLC2A1 gene were genotyped in 375 cases and 199 controls from an initial discovery cohort (the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Netherlands study). Replication testing was performed in The Rotterdam Study (the Netherlands) and study populations from Würzburg (Germany), the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS; United States), Columbia University (United States), and Iowa University (United States). Subsequently, a meta-analysis of SNP association was performed. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, significant genotypic association between three SNPs (rs3754219, rs4660687, and rs841853) and AMD was found. Replication in five large independent (Caucasian) cohorts (4,860 cases and 4,004 controls) did not yield consistent association results. The genotype frequencies for these SNPs were significantly different for the controls and/or cases among the six individual populations. Meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity of effect between the studies. CONCLUSIONS No overall association between SLC2A1 SNPs and AMD was demonstrated. Since the genotype frequencies for the three SLC2A1 SNPs were significantly different for the controls and/or cases between the six cohorts, this study corroborates previous evidence that population dependent genetic risk heterogeneity in AMD exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C. Baas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lintje Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W.T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars G. Fritsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joanna E. Merriam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ruben van het Slot
- Department of Medical Genetics Research Section, Utrecht Medical Center (UMC), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bobby P.C. Koeleman
- Department of Medical Genetics Research Section, Utrecht Medical Center (UMC), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G.M.F. Gorgels
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paulus T.V.M. de Jong
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B. ten Brink
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Vingerling
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | | | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Gregory S. Hageman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, IA,Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Arthur A.B. Bergen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Ophthalmology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smailhodzic D, Klaver CC, Klevering BJ, Boon CJ, Groenewoud JM, Kirchhof B, Daha MR, den Hollander AI, Hoyng CB. Risk Alleles in CFH and ARMS2 Are Independently Associated with Systemic Complement Activation in Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2012; 119:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Cipriani V, Matharu BK, Khan JC, Shahid H, Hayward C, Wright AF, Armbrecht AM, Dhillon B, Harding SP, Bishop PN, Bunce C, Clayton DG, Moore AT, Yates JRW. No evidence of association between complement factor I genetic variant rs10033900 and age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:1-2; author reply 3. [PMID: 21989362 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Hofman A, van Duijn CM, Franco OH, Ikram MA, Janssen HLA, Klaver CCW, Kuipers EJ, Nijsten TEC, Stricker BHC, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij MW, Witteman JCM. The Rotterdam Study: 2012 objectives and design update. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:657-86. [PMID: 21877163 PMCID: PMC3168750 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, oncological, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over a 1,000 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy ). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gibson J, Hakobyan S, Cree AJ, Collins A, Harris CL, Ennis S, Morgan BP, Lotery AJ. Variation in complement component C1 inhibitor in age-related macular degeneration. Immunobiology 2011; 217:251-5. [PMID: 21852020 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed variation in plasma levels of the complement regulatorC1 inhibitor (C1inh) in patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Plasma from391 AMD cases and 370 controls was assayed by rate nephelometry to determine C1inh protein levels. Protein levels were analysed for relationships with age, gender, smoking, AMD disease status and genetic variation in the SERPING1 gene, which encodes C1inh, using a multivariate analysis. t-Tests show a significant difference in C1inh levels in AMD cases compared with controls (p=2.340E-6), smokers compared to non-smokers (p=1.022E-4) and females compared to males (p=1.661E-7). Multivariate analysis shows that after accounting for gender and smoking AMD status remained significant. Age was included in the model but was not significant. Including genetic variation in the model shows that one significant SNP (rs2649663) 5' of the SERPING1 gene is associated with C1inh levels though this SNP is not associated with AMD. This suggests that genetic variation in the promoter region of the SERPING1 gene may influence expression of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gibson
- Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics Group, Human Genetics Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Khandhadia S, Cipriani V, Yates JRW, Lotery AJ. Age-related macular degeneration and the complement system. Immunobiology 2011; 217:127-46. [PMID: 21868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. It is a complex multifactorial disease, and despite new advances in treatment, many patients still succumb to visual impairment. The complement pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and recently variants in several genes encoding complement pathway proteins have been associated with AMD. Complement proteins have been found in histological specimens of eyes with AMD. Altered levels of both intrinsic complement proteins and activated products have been found in the circulation of patients with AMD. Complement activation may be triggered by oxidative stress, resulting from retinal exposure to incoming light; indeed an inter-play between these two pathological processes seems to exist. Finally, complement inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This article reviews the role of the complement system in AMD, and the potential of complement inhibition in preventing the devastating blindness resulting from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khandhadia
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, University of Southampton, UK
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Nakata I, Yamashiro K, Yamada R, Gotoh N, Nakanishi H, Hayashi H, Tsujikawa A, Otani A, Saito M, Iida T, Oishi A, Matsuo K, Tajima K, Matsuda F, Yoshimura N. Association between the SERPING1 gene and age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19108. [PMID: 21526158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a complement component 1 inhibitor (SERPING1) gene polymorphism was identified as a novel risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Caucasians. We aimed to investigate whether variations in SERPING1 are associated with typical AMD or with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Japanese population. METHODS We performed a case-control study in a group of Japanese patients with typical AMD (n = 401) or PCV (n = 510) and in 2 independent control groups--336 cataract patients without age-related maculopathy and 1,194 healthy Japanese individuals. Differences in the observed genotypic distribution between the case and control groups were tested using chi-square test for trend. Age and gender were adjusted using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We targeted rs2511989 as the haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the SERPING1 gene, which was reported to be associated with the risk of AMD in Caucasians. Although we compared the genotypic distributions of rs2511989 in typical AMD and PCV patients against 2 independent control groups (cataract patients and healthy Japanese individuals), SERPING1 rs2511989 was not significantly associated with typical AMD (P = 0.932 and 0.513, respectively) or PCV (P = 0.505 and 0.141, respectively). After correction for age and gender differences based on a logistic regression model, the difference in genotypic distributions remained insignificant (P>0.05). Our sample size had a statistical power of more than 90% to detect an association of a risk allele with an odds ratio reported in the original studies for rs2511989 for developing AMD. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we could not replicate the reported association between SERPING1 and either neovascular AMD or PCV in a Japanese population; thus, the results suggest that SERPING1 does not play a significant role in the risk of developing AMD or PCV in Japanese.
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Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an inflammatory disease, which causes visual impairment and blindness in older people. The proteins of the complement system are central to the development of this disease. Local and systemic inflammation in AMD are mediated by the deregulated action of the alternative pathway of the complement system. Variants in complement system genes alter an individual's risk of developing AMD. Recent studies have shown how some risk-associated genetic variants alter the function of the complement system. In this review, we describe the evolution of the complement system and bring together recent research to form a picture of how changes in complement system genes and proteins affect the function of the complement cascade, and how this affects the development of AMD. We discuss the application of this knowledge to prevention and possible future treatments of AMD.
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Lee AY, Kulkarni M, Fang AM, Edelstein S, Osborn MP, Brantley MA. The effect of genetic variants in SERPING1 on the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:915-7. [PMID: 20606025 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.172007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic factors influence an individual's risk for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Previous studies investigating the potential association between all AMD subtypes and the SERPING1 gene, which encodes a key regulator of the classic complement pathway, have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this study is to determine whether variations in SERPING1 are associated with neovascular AMD. METHODS A total of 556 patients with neovascular AMD and 256 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for polymorphisms in SERPING1. A tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach was used to cover the SERPING1 gene plus 2 kb on each side, spanning the promoter and the 3' untranslated regions. Ten SNPs with a minor allele frequency of 0.10 were covered by three tSNPs (rs1005510, rs11603020, rs2511989). RESULTS SERPING1 SNPs rs1005510 and rs2511989 were significantly associated with neovascular AMD in our cohort, with rs1005510 conferring an adverse risk effect (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.88) and rs2511989 conferring a protective effect (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.90). For both tSNPs, logistic regression of individual genotypes demonstrated statistically significant stepwise changes in the risk of developing AMD. Combined analysis of rs1005510 with variants in CFH and HTRA1 confirmed an independent risk effect. The rs11603020 variant had no effect on AMD susceptibility in this study (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.24). CONCLUSIONS The SERPING1 gene is comprehensively investigated in this study (using three tSNPs), and its genetic variants are evaluated in the largest neovascular AMD cohort to date. The hypothesis that SERPING1 has a modest effect on the risk of neovascular AMD is supported by our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lu F, Zhao P, Fan Y, Tang S, Hu J, Liu X, Yang X, Chen Y, Li T, Lei C, Yang J, Lin Y, Ma S, Li C, Shi Y, Yang Z. An association study of SERPING1 gene and age-related macular degeneration in a Han Chinese population. Mol Vis 2010; 16:1-6. [PMID: 20062564 PMCID: PMC2803124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the complement component 1 inhibitor (SERPING1) gene have been shown to be significantly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Caucasian populations. A replication study of an association between these SNPs and AMD in a Chinese population is reported in this study. METHODS Six SNPs, including rs2511990, rs1005510, rs11546660, rs2511989, rs2511988, and rs4926 in SERPING1 were genotyped in a Han Chinese subject group using the SNaPshot method of ABI. This subject group was composed of 194 patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV or wet) AMD, 78 patients with soft drusen, and 285 matched controls. P values of the SNPs were calculated using an additive model. Haplotype frequencies between cases and controls were compared by chi2 analysis. The haplotype analysis was performed using Haploview 4.0. RESULTS None of the six SNPs showed significant association with AMD. None of the major haplotypes were observed to be significantly associated with AMD or choroidal neovascularization AMD (CNV) after a stringent Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that SNPs in SERPING1 are not significantly associated with AMD in the mainland Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinchuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiye Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyong Li
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
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Anderson DH, Radeke MJ, Gallo NB, Chapin EA, Johnson PT, Curletti CR, Hancox LS, Hu J, Ebright JN, Malek G, Hauser MA, Rickman CB, Bok D, Hageman GS, Johnson LV. The pivotal role of the complement system in aging and age-related macular degeneration: hypothesis re-visited. Prog Retin Eye Res 2009; 29:95-112. [PMID: 19961953 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the past ten years, dramatic advances have been made in unraveling the biological bases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of irreversible blindness in western populations. In that timeframe, two distinct lines of evidence emerged which implicated chronic local inflammation and activation of the complement cascade in AMD pathogenesis. First, a number of complement system proteins, complement activators, and complement regulatory proteins were identified as molecular constituents of drusen, the hallmark extracellular deposits associated with early AMD. Subsequently, genetic studies revealed highly significant statistical associations between AMD and variants of several complement pathway-associated genes including: Complement factor H (CFH), complement factor H-related 1 and 3 (CFHR1 and CFHR3), complement factor B (CFB), complement component 2 (C2), and complement component 3 (C3). In this article, we revisit our original hypothesis that chronic local inflammatory and immune-mediated events at the level of Bruch's membrane play critical roles in drusen biogenesis and, by extension, in the pathobiology of AMD. Secondly, we report the results of a new screening for additional AMD-associated polymorphisms in a battery of 63 complement-related genes. Third, we identify and characterize the local complement system in the RPE-choroid complex - thus adding a new dimension of biological complexity to the role of the complement system in ocular aging and AMD. Finally, we evaluate the most salient, recent evidence that bears directly on the role of complement in AMD pathogenesis and progression. Collectively, these recent findings strongly re-affirm the importance of the complement system in AMD. They lay the groundwork for further studies that may lead to the identification of a transcriptional disease signature of AMD, and hasten the development of new therapeutic approaches that will restore the complement-modulating activity that appears to be compromised in genetically susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don H Anderson
- Center for the Study of Macular Degeneration, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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