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Idih FM, Atanu FO, Ndu CK, Michael RE, Kadiri B, Jimoh LO, Usman BO, Ogugua VN. Lycopene possess an antimalarial effect on chloroquine-resistant malaria and its hematological aberrations in murine model. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102873. [PMID: 38428566 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health issue worldwide, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The resistance of Plasmodium parasites to commonly used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the development of novel drugs and targets for malaria treatment. Lycopene is a natural compound present in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of lycopene and its co-administration with chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant malaria, as well as to assess its impact on hematological abnormalities associated with malaria infection. The experimental animals for this study were infected with 10 7 NK65 Plasmodium berghei-infected red blood cells via intraperitoneal injection. The animals were then treated with artemether-lumefantrine, chloroquine, and varying doses of lycopene. The study evaluated percentage parasitemia, mean survival time, and various hematological parameters, including red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width - coefficient of variation, red blood cell distribution width - standard deviation, white blood cell count, granulocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and procalcitonin level. The study revealed that lycopene demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antimalarial activity and the ability to ameliorate hematological abnormalities associated with acute malaria infection. The findings of this study highlight the potential of lycopene as a novel antimalarial agent. The results of this study may contribute to the development of new drugs for malaria treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour Moses Idih
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Research and Training Laboratory, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria.
| | - Francis Onakpa Atanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Chidiebere Kingsley Ndu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Racheal Enechojo Michael
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Research and Training Laboratory, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Kadiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Research and Training Laboratory, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Ojo Jimoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Research and Training Laboratory, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Bilkis Ojochide Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology Research and Training Laboratory, Prince Abubakar Audu University (formerly Kogi State University), Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Nwadiogbu Ogugua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Ladu HI, Shuaibu U, Pulford J. Reasons for mosquito net non-use in malaria-endemic countries: A review of qualitative research published between 2011 and 2021. Trop Med Int Health 2024. [PMID: 38796689 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito nets, particularly insecticide-treated nets, are the most recommended method of malaria control in endemic countries. However, individuals do not always have access to insecticide-treated nets or use them as recommended. The current paper expands on a previous review published in 2011 which highlighted a need for more qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use. We present a systematic review of qualitative research published in the past decade to assess the growth and quality of qualitative papers about net non-use and examine and update the current understanding. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Global Health, in addition to a citation search of the initial review. Relevant papers were screened and discussed. The critical appraisal assessment tool was used to ensure quality. Thematic synthesis was used to extract, synthesise, and analyse study findings. Compared with the initial review, the results showed a 10-fold increase in qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use between 2011 and 2021. In addition, the quality of the research has improved, with more than 90% of the papers receiving high scores, using the critical appraisal assessment tool. The reported reasons for non-use were categorised into four themes: human factors, net factors, housing structure, and net access. More than two thirds of the studies (25/39) were led by authors affiliated with institutions in malaria-endemic countries. Despite the distribution of free mosquito nets in malaria-endemic countries, earlier reported challenges remain pertinent. The most common reasons for net non-use across all regions of Malaria endemic countries pertained to human- and net-related factors. The research focus should shift towards intervention studies to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiza Isa Ladu
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Justin Pulford
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Kuraeiad S, Kotepui KU, Mahittikorn A, Masangkay FR, Wilairatana P, Suwannatrai AT, Thinkhamrop K, Wangdi K, Kotepui M. Albumin levels in malaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of their association with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10185. [PMID: 38702420 PMCID: PMC11068903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin, a key protein in human blood plasma, has been linked to various health conditions. However, its association with malaria, particularly in assessing disease severity, remains inadequately understood. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the relationship between albumin levels and malaria severity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Google Scholar, to identify studies examining albumin levels in malaria patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed based on publication year, study location, and Plasmodium species. A total of 37 studies were included in this review. The thematic synthesis indicated that albumin levels in malaria patients varied significantly based on geographical location. A meta-analysis of 28 studies found that albumin levels were significantly lower in malaria patients compared with non-malarial controls (P < 0.001, standardized mean differences [SMD] = -2.23, 95% CI - 3.25 to - 1.20, I2: 98%, random effects model, 28 studies). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed variations in albumin levels based on geographical location and Plasmodium species. Regarding the association with disease severity, thematic synthesis showed that severe malaria cases generally had decreased albumin levels across various regions. However, one Brazilian study reported higher albumin levels in severe cases. A separate meta-analysis of five studies found significantly lower albumin levels in patients experiencing severe malaria relative to those with less severe forms of the disease (P < 0.001, SMD = -0.66, 95% CI - 1.07 to - 0.25), I2: 73%, random effects model, 5 studies). This study underscores the clinical significance of albumin as a potential biomarker for Plasmodium infection and the severity of malaria. The findings suggest that albumin level monitoring could be crucial in managing malaria patients, especially in assessing disease severity and tailoring treatment approaches. Additional studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving these associations and validate the clinical utility of albumin levels in malaria patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruda Kuraeiad
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology Program, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | | | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kavin Thinkhamrop
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia
- QIMR Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology Program, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand.
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Khan S, Patel MP, Patni AD, Cha SJ. Targeting Plasmodium Life Cycle with Novel Parasite Ligands as Vaccine Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:484. [PMID: 38793735 PMCID: PMC11125637 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The WHO reported an estimated 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria deaths in 85 countries in 2022. A total of 94% of malaria deaths occurred in Africa, 80% of which were children under 5. In other words, one child dies every minute from malaria. The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine, which uses the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) to target sporozoite infection of the liver, achieved modest efficacy. The Malaria Vaccine Implementation Program (MVIP), coordinated by the WHO and completed at the end of 2023, found that immunization reduced mortality by only 13%. To further reduce malaria death, the development of a more effective malaria vaccine is a high priority. Three malaria vaccine targets being considered are the sporozoite liver infection (pre-erythrocytic stage), the merozoite red blood cell infection (asexual erythrocytic stage), and the gamete/zygote mosquito infection (sexual/transmission stage). These targets involve specific ligand-receptor interactions. However, most current malaria vaccine candidates that target two major parasite population bottlenecks, liver infection, and mosquito midgut infection, do not focus on such parasite ligands. Here, we evaluate the potential of newly identified parasite ligands with a phage peptide-display technique as novel malaria vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung-Jae Cha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA 31207, USA; (S.K.); (M.P.P.); (A.D.P.)
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Yang G, Liang Y, Li X, Li Z, Qin Y, Weng Q, Yan Y, Cheng Y, Qian Y, Sun L. Competitive Inhibition of Okanin against Plasmodium falciparum Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4751. [PMID: 38731970 PMCID: PMC11084299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a severe disease that presents a significant threat to human health. As resistance to current drugs continues to increase, there is an urgent need for new antimalarial medications. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) represent promising targets for drug development. In this study, we identified Plasmodium falciparum tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PfTyrRS) as a potential target for antimalarial drug development through a comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures of human and plasmodium TyrRS, with particular emphasis on differences in key amino acids at the aminoacylation site. A total of 2141 bioactive compounds were screened using a high-throughput thermal shift assay (TSA). Okanin, known as an inhibitor of LPS-induced TLR4 expression, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against PfTyrRS, while showing limited inhibition of human TyrRS. Furthermore, bio-layer interferometry (BLI) confirmed the high affinity of okanin for PfTyrRS. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations highlighted the stable conformation of okanin within PfTyrRS and its sustained binding to the enzyme. A molecular docking analysis revealed that okanin binds to both the tyrosine and partial ATP binding sites of the enzyme, preventing substrate binding. In addition, the compound inhibited the production of Plasmodium falciparum in the blood stage and had little cytotoxicity. Thus, okanin is a promising lead compound for the treatment of malaria caused by P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yali Liang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yinying Qin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qilu Weng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yujuan Yan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yijun Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.C.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes and Biosafety, Shenzhen 518107, China
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6
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Dunican C, Andradi-Brown C, Ebmeier S, Georgiadou A, Cunnington AJ. The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:651-660. [PMID: 38421063 PMCID: PMC11088907 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It highlights the need for consistent and accurate definitions of disease states and subject groups and discusses how prognostic studies must distinguish clearly between analyses that attempt to predict future disease states and those which attempt to discriminate between current disease states (classification). Lastly it examines how many promising therapeutics fail due to the choice of imperfect animal models for pre-clinical testing and lack of appropriate validation studies in humans, and how future transcriptional studies may be utilised to overcome some of these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dunican
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Clare Andradi-Brown
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Stefan Ebmeier
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Athina Georgiadou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Aubrey J. Cunnington
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Ribeiro BC, Garcia CGR, Lima LJP, Guerreiro JF, Póvoa MM, Cunha MG. Malaria in a vulnerable population living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study from 2005-2020. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e25. [PMID: 38656041 PMCID: PMC11027486 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Costa Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carla Gisele R Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lilian Jéssica Passos Lima
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - João F. Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela G. Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Hoyos K, Hoyos W. Supporting Malaria Diagnosis Using Deep Learning and Data Augmentation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:690. [PMID: 38611603 PMCID: PMC11012121 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infection caused by the Plasmodium parasite that has a major epidemiological, social, and economic impact worldwide. Conventional diagnosis of the disease is based on microscopic examination of thick blood smears. This analysis can be time-consuming, which is key to generate prevention strategies and adequate treatment to avoid the complications associated with the disease. To address this problem, we propose a deep learning-based approach to detect not only malaria parasites but also leukocytes to perform parasite/μL blood count. We used positive and negative images with parasites and leukocytes. We performed data augmentation to increase the size of the dataset. The YOLOv8 algorithm was used for model training and using the counting formula the parasites were counted. The results showed the ability of the model to detect parasites and leukocytes with 95% and 98% accuracy, respectively. The time spent by the model to report parasitemia is significantly less than the time spent by malaria experts. This type of system would be supportive for areas with poor access to health care. We recommend validation of such approaches on a large scale in health institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Hoyos
- Human Clinical Laboratory, Social Health Clinic, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia;
| | - William Hoyos
- Sustainable and Intelligent Engineering Research Group, Cooperative University of Colombia, Montería 230002, Colombia
- R&D&I in ICT, EAFIT University, Medellín 050022, Colombia
- Microbiological and Biomedical Research Group of Cordoba, University of Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
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Inayaturohmat F, Anggriani N, Supriatna AK, Biswas MHA. A Systematic Literature Review of Mathematical Models for Coinfections: Tuberculosis, Malaria, and HIV/AIDS. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1091-1109. [PMID: 38510530 PMCID: PMC10951863 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s446508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV are among the most lethal diseases, with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) being a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individually, each of these infections presents a significant health challenge. However, when tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV co-occur, the symptoms can worsen, leading to an increased mortality risk. Mathematical models have been created to study coinfections involving tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV. This systematic literature review explores the importance of coinfection models by examining articles from reputable databases such as Dimensions, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. The primary emphasis is on investigating coinfection models related to tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV. The findings demonstrate that each article thoroughly covers various aspects, including model development, mathematical analysis, sensitivity analysis, optimal control strategies, and research discoveries. Based on our comprehensive evaluation, we offer valuable recommendations for future research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatuh Inayaturohmat
- Doctoral in Mathematics Study Programme, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Nursanti Anggriani
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Asep K Supriatna
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Md Haider Ali Biswas
- Mathematics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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10
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Mbama Ntabi JD, Malda Bali ED, Lissom A, Akoton R, Djontu JC, Missontsa G, Mouzinga FH, Baina MT, Djogbenou L, Ndo C, Wondji C, Adegnika AA, Lenga A, Borrmann S, Ntoumi F. Contribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes to malaria transmission during the dry season in Djoumouna and Ntoula villages in the Republic of the Congo. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:104. [PMID: 38431686 PMCID: PMC10908062 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex play a major role in malaria transmission across Africa. This study assessed the relative importance of members of An. gambiae s.l. in malaria transmission in two rural villages in the Republic of the Congo. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected using electric aspirators from June to September 2022 in Djoumouna and Ntoula villages and were sorted by taxa based on their morphological features. Anopheles gambiae s.l. females were also molecularly identified. A TaqMan-based assay and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine Plasmodium spp. in the mosquitoes. Entomological indexes were estimated, including man-biting rate, entomological inoculation rate (EIR), and diversity index. RESULTS Among 176 mosquitoes collected, An. gambiae s.l. was predominant (85.8%), followed by Culex spp. (13.6%) and Aedes spp. (0.6%). Three members of the An. gambiae s.l. complex were collected in both villages, namely An. gambiae sensu stricto (74.3%), Anopheles coluzzii (22.9%) and Anopheles arabiensis (2.8%). Three Plasmodium species were detected in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii (Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale), while only P. falciparum and P. malariae were found in An. arabiensis. In general, the Plasmodium infection rate was 35.1% (53/151) using the TaqMan-based assay, and nested PCR confirmed 77.4% (41/53) of those infections. The nightly EIR of An. gambiae s.l. was 0.125 infectious bites per person per night (ib/p/n) in Djoumouna and 0.08 ib/p/n in Ntoula. The EIR of An. gambiae s.s. in Djoumouna (0.11 ib/p/n) and Ntoula (0.04 ib/p/n) was higher than that of An. coluzzii (0.01 and 0.03 ib/p/n) and An. arabiensis (0.005 and 0.0 ib/p/n). CONCLUSIONS This study provides baseline information on the dominant vectors and dynamics of malaria transmission in the rural areas of the Republic of the Congo during the dry season. In the two sampled villages, An. gambiae s.s. appears to play a predominant role in Plasmodium spp. TRANSMISSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Dollon Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
| | - Espoir Divin Malda Bali
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Romaric Akoton
- Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP: 88, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Georges Missontsa
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Freisnel Hermeland Mouzinga
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Tapsou Baina
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Luc Djogbenou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Cyrille Ndo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique (FORS), ISBA, BP: 88, Cotonou, Bénin
- Centre de Recherche Médicale de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arsène Lenga
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Ogbuanu IU, Otieno K, Varo R, Sow SO, Ojulong J, Duduyemi B, Kowuor D, Cain CJ, Rogena EA, Onyango D, Akelo V, Tippett Barr BA, terKuile F, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Juma J, Assefa N, Assegid N, Acham Y, Madrid L, Scott JAG, Arifeen SE, Gurley ES, Mahtab S, Dangor Z, Wadula J, Dutoit J, Madhi SA, Mandomando I, Torres-Fernandez D, Kincardett M, Mabunda R, Mutevedzi P, Madewell ZJ, Blau DM, Whitney CG, Samuels AM, Bassat Q. Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: Results from the CHAMPS network using minimally invasive tissue sampling. J Infect 2024; 88:106107. [PMID: 38290664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. However, accurate estimates of malaria prevalence and causality among patients who die at the country level are lacking due to the limited specificity of diagnostic tools used to attribute etiologies. Accurate estimates are crucial for prioritizing interventions and resources aimed at reducing malaria-related mortality. METHODS Seven Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network sites collected comprehensive data on stillbirths and children <5 years, using minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS). A DeCoDe (Determination of Cause of Death) panel employed standardized protocols for assigning underlying, intermediate, and immediate causes of death, integrating sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory (including extensive microbiology, histopathology, and malaria testing), and verbal autopsy data. Analyses were conducted to ascertain the strength of evidence for cause of death (CoD), describe factors associated with malaria-related deaths, estimate malaria-specific mortality, and assess the proportion of preventable deaths. FINDINGS Between December 3, 2016, and December 31, 2022, 2673 deaths underwent MITS and had a CoD attributed from four CHAMPS sites with at least 1 malaria-attributed death. No malaria-attributable deaths were documented among 891 stillbirths or 924 neonatal deaths, therefore this analysis concentrates on the remaining 858 deaths among children aged 1-59 months. Malaria was in the causal chain for 42.9% (126/294) of deaths from Sierra Leone, 31.4% (96/306) in Kenya, 18.2% (36/198) in Mozambique, 6.7% (4/60) in Mali, and 0.3% (1/292) in South Africa. Compared to non-malaria related deaths, malaria-related deaths skewed towards older infants and children (p < 0.001), with 71.0% among ages 12-59 months. Malaria was the sole infecting pathogen in 184 (70.2%) of malaria-attributed deaths, whereas bacterial and viral co-infections were identified in the causal pathway in 24·0% and 12.2% of cases, respectively. Malnutrition was found at a similar level in the causal pathway of both malaria (26.7%) and non-malaria (30.7%, p = 0.256) deaths. Less than two-thirds (164/262; 62.6%) of malaria deaths had received antimalarials prior to death. Nearly all (98·9%) malaria-related deaths were deemed preventable. INTERPRETATION Malaria remains a significant cause of childhood mortality in the CHAMPS malaria-endemic sites. The high bacterial co-infection prevalence among malaria deaths underscores the potential benefits of antibiotics for severe malaria patients. Compared to non-malaria deaths, many of malaria-attributed deaths are preventable through accessible malaria control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kephas Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Babatunde Duduyemi
- University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospital Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Emily A Rogena
- School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | | | - Victor Akelo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention--Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Feiko terKuile
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adama Mamby Keita
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jane Juma
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nardos Assegid
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yenework Acham
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeannette Wadula
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeanie Dutoit
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - David Torres-Fernandez
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Milton Kincardett
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rita Mabunda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Portia Mutevedzi
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary J Madewell
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dianna M Blau
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Samuels
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Usman MA, Ibrahim FB, Mohammed HO, Awogbamila SO, Idris UA, Suleiman MA. Antiplasmodial Activity of β-Ionone and the Effect of the Compound on Amelioration of Anaemia and Oxidative Organ Damage in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:242-250. [PMID: 37982977 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to evolution of parasite strains that are resistant to existing antimalarial drugs, research for novel antimalarial medicines is progressing on numerous fronts. PURPOSE Herein, we evaluated the in vivo anti-Plasmodium berghei activity of β-ionone including its ameliorative potential towards P. berghei-associated anaemia and oxidative organ damage. METHODS Mice were infected with chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. berghei and then treated with β-ionone at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) for seven days. The parasitemia, packed cell volume and redox sensitive biomarkers in the liver, brain and spleen were estimated. RESULTS Our result showed that β-ionone, in a dose-dependent fashion, significantly (p < 0.05) repressed the multiplication of P. berghei. More so, the compound, at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg BW, significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated anaemia and organ damage induced by P. berghei. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings demonstrated that β-ionone has antiplasmodial actions and plays a mitigative role against P. berghei-induced anaemia and oxidative organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Umar Adam Idris
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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13
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Nalwoga A, Sabourin KR, Miley W, Jackson C, Maktabi M, Labo N, Mugisha J, Whitby D, Rochford R, Newton R. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Associated With Increased Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seropositivity and Higher KSHV Antibody Breadth and Magnitude: Results of a Case-Control Study From Rural Uganda. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:432-442. [PMID: 37536670 PMCID: PMC10873168 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection had higher Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load, increased risk of KSHV seropositivity, and higher KSHV antibody levels. We hypothesize that clinical malaria has an even larger association with KSHV seropositivity. In the current study, we investigated the association between clinical malaria and KSHV seropositivity and antibody levels. METHODS Between December 2020 and March 2022, sick children (aged 5-10 years) presenting at a clinic in Uganda were enrolled in a case-control study. Pf was detected using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and subsequently with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Children with malaria were categorized into 2 groups: RDT+/PfPCR+ and RDT-/PfPCR+. RESULTS The seropositivity of KSHV was 60% (47/78) among Pf-uninfected children, 79% (61/77) among children who were RDT-/PfPCR+ (odds ratio [OR], 2.41 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.15-5.02]), and 95% (141/149) in children who were RDT+/PfPCR+ (OR, 10.52 [95% CI, 4.17-26.58]; Ptrend < .001). Furthermore, RDT+/PfPCR+ children followed by RDT-/PfPCR+ children had higher KSHV IgG and IgM antibody levels and reacted to more KSHV antigens compared to uninfected children. CONCLUSIONS Clinical malaria is associated with both increased KSHV seropositivity and antibody magnitude, suggesting that Pf is affecting KSHV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nalwoga
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Cancer Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Katherine R Sabourin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Conner Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mahdi Maktabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joseph Mugisha
- Cancer Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert Newton
- Cancer Epidemiology Programme, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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14
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Kotepui M, Mahittikorn A, Wilairatana P, Masangkay FR, Wangdi K, Kotepui KU. Methemoglobin levels in malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its association with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections and disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3276. [PMID: 38332023 PMCID: PMC10853561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports indicate that Plasmodium infections influence methemoglobin levels. However, findings have been inconclusive or have varied across different geographic and demographic contexts. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing data regarding the association between Plasmodium infections and alterations in methemoglobin levels related to the severity of the infection. A comprehensive literature search of several databases, including Ovid, ProQuest, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, and PubMed, was conducted to identify relevant studies that examined methemoglobin levels in patients with malaria. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis of the pooled standardized mean difference were conducted to synthesize the differences in methemoglobin levels between: (1) patients with malaria and those without malaria and (2) patients with severe malaria and those with uncomplicated malaria based on various themes including publication year, study design, study area, Plasmodium species, age group, symptomatic status, severity status, and method of malaria detection. Of the 1846 studies that were initially identified from the main databases and additional searches on Google Scholar, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for this review. The systematic review distinctly highlighted an association between malaria and elevated methemoglobin levels, an observation consistent across diverse geographical regions and various Plasmodium species. Furthermore, the meta-analysis confirmed this by demonstrating increased methemoglobin levels in patients with malaria compared to those without malaria (P < 0.001, Hedges' g 2.32, 95% CI 1.36-3.29, I2 97.27, 8 studies). Moreover, the meta-analysis found elevated methemoglobin levels in patients with severe malaria compared to those with uncomplicated malaria (P < 0.001, Hedges' g 2.20, 95% CI 0.82-3.58, I2 96.20, 5 studies). This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed increased methemoglobin levels in patients with P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, with a notable association between elevated methemoglobin levels and severe malaria. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which changes in methemoglobin levels are related to infections by P. falciparum and P. vivax, particularly in terms of severity, and how these alterations could potentially impact patient management and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kinley Wangdi
- QIMR Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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15
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Guemas E, Routier B, Ghelfenstein-Ferreira T, Cordier C, Hartuis S, Marion B, Bertout S, Varlet-Marie E, Costa D, Pasquier G. Automatic patient-level recognition of four Plasmodium species on thin blood smear by a real-time detection transformer (RT-DETR) object detection algorithm: a proof-of-concept and evaluation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0144023. [PMID: 38171008 PMCID: PMC10846087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01440-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health problem, with 247 million cases and 619,000 deaths in 2021. Diagnosis of Plasmodium species is important for administering the appropriate treatment. The gold-standard diagnosis for accurate species identification remains the thin blood smear. Nevertheless, this method is time-consuming and requires highly skilled and trained microscopists. To overcome these issues, new diagnostic tools based on deep learning are emerging. This study aimed to evaluate the performances of a real-time detection transformer (RT-DETR) object detection algorithm to discriminate Plasmodium species on thin blood smear images. The algorithm was trained and validated on a data set consisting in 24,720 images from 475 thin blood smears corresponding to 2,002,597 labels. Performances were calculated with a test data set of 4,508 images from 170 smears corresponding to 358,825 labels coming from six French university hospitals. At the patient level, the RT-DETR algorithm exhibited an overall accuracy of 79.4% (135/170) with a recall of 74% (40/54) and 81.9% (95/116) for negative and positive smears, respectively. Among Plasmodium-positive smears, the global accuracy was 82.7% (91/110) with a recall of 90% (38/42), 81.8% (18/22), and 76.1% (35/46) for P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale/vivax, respectively. The RT-DETR model achieved a World Health Organization (WHO) competence level 2 for species identification. Besides, the RT-DETR algorithm may be run in real-time on low-cost devices such as a smartphone and could be suitable for deployment in low-resource setting areas lacking microscopy experts.IMPORTANCEMalaria remains a global health problem, with 247 million cases and 619,000 deaths in 2021. Diagnosis of Plasmodium species is important for administering the appropriate treatment. The gold-standard diagnosis for accurate species identification remains the thin blood smear. Nevertheless, this method is time-consuming and requires highly skilled and trained microscopists. To overcome these issues, new diagnostic tools based on deep learning are emerging. This study aimed to evaluate the performances of a real-time detection transformer (RT-DETR) object detection algorithm to discriminate Plasmodium species on thin blood smear images. Performances were calculated with a test data set of 4,508 images from 170 smears coming from six French university hospitals. The RT-DETR model achieved a World Health Organization (WHO) competence level 2 for species identification. Besides, the RT-DETR algorithm may be run in real-time on low-cost devices and could be suitable for deployment in low-resource setting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Guemas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Baptiste Routier
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, EA7510 ESCAPE, University Hospital of Rouen, University of Rouen Normandie, Normandie, France
| | - Théo Ghelfenstein-Ferreira
- Université de Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, INSERM U1285, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (CNRS UMR 8576), University Hospital (CHU) of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Hartuis
- Nantes University,Academic Hospital (CHU) of Nantes,Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Marion
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, National Reference Centre (CNR) for Paludism, Montpellier, France
- Department of Parasitology/Mycology, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, National Reference Centre (CNR) for Paludism, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Bertout
- Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM U1175, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, National Reference Centre (CNR) for Paludism, Montpellier, France
- Department of Parasitology/Mycology, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, National Reference Centre (CNR) for Paludism, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Costa
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, EA7510 ESCAPE, University Hospital of Rouen, University of Rouen Normandie, Normandie, France
| | - Grégoire Pasquier
- Department of Parasitology/Mycology, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, National Reference Centre (CNR) for Paludism, Montpellier, France
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Gowda DC, Miller LH. Glycosylation in malaria parasites: what do we know? Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:131-146. [PMID: 38262838 PMCID: PMC10923157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In malaria parasites, although post-translational modification of proteins with N-. O-, and C-glycosidic bond-linked glycans is limited, it is confined to relatively fewer proteins in which the glycans are present at significant levels and may have important functions. Furthermore, several proteins are modified with glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) which represent the predominant glycan synthesized by parasites. Modification of proteins with GPIs is obligatory for parasite survival as GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play essential roles in all life cycle stages of the parasites, including development, egress, gametogenesis, motility, and host cell adhesion and invasion. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the structures and potential functions of the glycan moieties of parasite proteins. The knowledge has important implications for the development of drugs and vaccines for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Channe Gowda
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Louis H Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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17
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Rathi K, Shukla M, Hassam M, Shrivastava R, Rawat V, Prakash Verma V. Recent advances in the synthesis and antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107043. [PMID: 38134523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of various malarial parasite strains to drugs has made the production of a new, rapid-acting, and efficient antimalarial drug more necessary, as the demand for such drugs is growing rapidly. As a major global health concern, various methods have been implemented to address the problem of drug resistance, including the hybrid drug concept, combination therapy, the development of analogues of existing medicines, and the use of drug resistance reversal agents. Artemisinin and its derivatives are currently used against multidrug- resistant P. falciparum species. However, due to its natural origin, its use has been limited by its scarcity in natural resources. As a result, finding a substitute becomes more crucial, and the peroxide group in artemisinin, responsible for the drugs biological action in the form of 1,2,4-trioxane, may hold the key to resolving this issue. The literature suggests that 1,2,4-trioxanes have the potential to become an alternative to current malaria drugs, as highlighted in this review. This is why 1,2,4-trioxanes and their derivatives have been synthesized on a large scale worldwide, as they have shown promising antimalarial activity in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium species. Consequently, the search for a more convenient, environment friendly, sustainable, efficient, and effective synthetic pathway for the synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes continues. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and mechanism of action of 1,2,4-trioxanes. This systematic review highlights the most recent summaries of derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxane compounds and dimers with potential antimalarial activity from January 1988 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur (Rajasthan), VPO- Dehmi-Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Express Way, Jaipur, Rajasthan 30300, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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18
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Platon L, Ménard D. Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage plasticity and drug resistance. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:118-130. [PMID: 38104024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal. Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle, with stages occurring in both the Anopheles mosquito vector and human host. Ring stages are the youngest form of the parasite in the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle and are associated with evasion of spleen clearance, temporary growth arrest (TGA), and drug resistance. This formidable ability to survive and develop into mature, sexual, or growth-arrested forms demonstrates the inherent population heterogeneity. Here we highlight the role of the ring stage as a crossroads in parasite development and as a reservoir of surviving cells in the human host via TGA survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Platon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, INSERM U1201, F-75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral ED 515 Complexité du Vivant, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Didier Ménard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, INSERM U1201, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; CHU Strasbourg, Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Mishra V, Deshmukh A, Rathore I, Chakraborty S, Patankar S, Gustchina A, Wlodawer A, Yada RY, Bhaumik P. Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsins by drugs targeting HIV-1 protease: A way forward for antimalarial drug discovery. Curr Res Struct Biol 2024; 7:100128. [PMID: 38304146 PMCID: PMC10830516 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium species are causative agents of malaria, a disease that is a serious global health concern. FDA-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors (HIV-1 PIs) have been reported to be effective in reducing the infection by Plasmodium parasites in the population co-infected with both HIV-1 and malaria. However, the mechanism of HIV-1 PIs in mitigating Plasmodium pathogenesis during malaria/HIV-1 co-infection is not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that HIV-1 drugs ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV) exhibit the highest inhibition activity against plasmepsin II (PMII) and plasmepsin X (PMX) of P. falciparum. Crystal structures of the complexes of PMII with both drugs have been determined. The inhibitors interact with PMII via multiple hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The P4 moiety of RTV forms additional interactions compared to LPV and exhibits conformational flexibility in a large S4 pocket of PMII. Our study is also the first to report inhibition of P. falciparum PMX by RTV and the mode of binding of the drug to the PMX active site. Analysis of the crystal structures implies that PMs can accommodate bulkier groups of these inhibitors in their S4 binding pockets. Structurally similar active sites of different vacuolar and non-vacuolar PMs suggest the potential of HIV-1 PIs in targeting these enzymes with differential affinities. Our structural investigations and biochemical data emphasize PMs as crucial targets for repurposing HIV-1 PIs as antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anuradha Deshmukh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ishan Rathore
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Satadru Chakraborty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Alla Gustchina
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rickey Y. Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 248-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Prasenjit Bhaumik
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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20
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Kotepui KU, Mahittikorn A, Wilairatana P, Masangkay FR, Kotepui M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between magnesium levels and malaria severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1348. [PMID: 38228783 PMCID: PMC10791651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is associated with Plasmodium infections and malaria severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the link between Plasmodium infections and magnesium levels for improved clinical guidance and therapeutic interventions in malaria-affected regions. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A thematic synthesis was employed to demonstrate the magnesium levels across selected studies, for analyzing and grouping based on geographic regions, age demographics, and clinical manifestations of malaria. Meta-analyses determined differences in magnesium levels between individuals with malaria, uninfected controls, and patients with different clinical severities of malaria. The effect sizes from individual studies were pooled using the random-effects model. Out of 2533 records identified, 13 studies were included in the review. The thematic synthesis revealed complex and varied results, with studies showing different magnesium levels in malaria patients across different geographies, age groups, and clinical presentations. The meta-analysis indicated elevated magnesium levels in malaria patients compared with uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges' g: 1.94, 95% CI 0.86-3.03, I2: 98.38%, 9 studies). No statistically significant difference was observed in magnesium levels between patients with severe and nonsevere malaria (P: 0.34, Hedges' g: 0.62, 95% CI - 0.64-1.88, I2: 91.46%, 2 studies). A significant increase in magnesium levels was seen in patients with malaria who died compared with those who survived (P < 0.01, Hedges' g: 0.39, 95% CI 0.13-0.64, I2: 3.39%, 3 studies). This systematic review and meta-analysis presented relationship between magnesium levels and malaria. While the meta-analysis indicated a general trend of increased magnesium levels in patients with malaria, the substantial heterogeneity and instability of the results hint toward a rich yet uncharted territory requiring more research depth. The intricate interplay between magnesium levels and malaria beckons a multidimensional approach in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | | | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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21
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Hagenah LM, Dhingra SK, Small-Saunders JL, Qahash T, Willems A, Schindler KA, Rangel GW, Gil-Iturbe E, Kim J, Akhundova E, Yeo T, Okombo J, Mancia F, Quick M, Roepe PD, Llinás M, Fidock DA. Additional PfCRT mutations driven by selective pressure for improved fitness can result in the loss of piperaquine resistance and altered Plasmodium falciparum physiology. mBio 2024; 15:e0183223. [PMID: 38059639 PMCID: PMC10790694 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01832-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study leverages gene editing techniques in Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stage parasites to profile novel mutations in mutant PfCRT, an important mediator of piperaquine resistance, which developed in Southeast Asian field isolates or in parasites cultured for long periods of time. We provide evidence that increased parasite fitness of these lines is the primary driver for the emergence of these PfCRT variants. These mutations differentially impact parasite susceptibility to piperaquine and chloroquine, highlighting the multifaceted effects of single point mutations in this transporter. Molecular features of drug resistance and parasite physiology were examined in depth using proteoliposome-based drug uptake studies and peptidomics, respectively. Energy minimization calculations, showing how these novel mutations might impact the PfCRT structure, suggested a small but significant effect on drug interactions. This study reveals the subtle interplay between antimalarial resistance, parasite fitness, PfCRT structure, and intracellular peptide availability in PfCRT-mediated parasite responses to changing drug selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Hagenah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish K. Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Small-Saunders
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tarrick Qahash
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andreas Willems
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyra A. Schindler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel W. Rangel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emiliya Akhundova
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Area Neuroscience - Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul D. Roepe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Chen Z, Ding W, Yang X, Lu T, Liu Y. Isoliquiritigenin, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117059. [PMID: 37604329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is a medicinal herb with a 2000-year history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the anti-inflammatory activity of ISL and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss new insights for its potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammation agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined literatures published in the past twenty years from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, with single or combined key words of "isoliquiritigenin", "inflammation", and "anti-inflammatory". RESULTS ISL elicits its anti-inflammatory activity by mediating various cellular processes. It inhibits the upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and activates the nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, it suppresses the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway and restrains the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Current studies indicate a great therapeutical potential of ISL as a drug candidate for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics, biosafety, and bioavailability of ISL remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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23
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Cai QY, Deng BN, Liu TH. The REVAMP trial: key questions remain. Lancet 2024; 403:29. [PMID: 38184335 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yu Cai
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bei-Ning Deng
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tai-Hang Liu
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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24
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Kumar S, Pant M, Prashar C, Pandey KC, Roy S, Pande V, Dandapat A. Myco-synthesis of multi-twinned silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial and antimalarial agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1114-1122. [PMID: 38174259 PMCID: PMC10759804 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07752g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent days, biogenic and green approaches for synthesizing nanostructures have gained much attention in biological and biomedical applications. Endophytic fungi have been recognized to produce several important biomolecules for use in various fields. The present work describes the use of endophytic fungi isolated from Berberis aristata for the synthesis of multi-twinned silver nanoparticles (MT-AgNPs) and their successful applications in antimicrobial and antimalarial studies. TEM images reveal the formation of multi-twined structures in the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The synthesized MT-AgNPs have shown excellent antibacterial activities against five opportunistic bacteria, viz. Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), Klebsiella pneumonia (MTCC 3384), and Aeromonas salmonicida (MTCC 1522). The synthesized MT-AgNPs also exhibit interesting antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum parasites (3D7 strain) by displaying 100% inhibition at a concentration of 1 μg mL-1 against the malaria parasite P. falciparum 3D7. Overall, the results describe a green method for the production of twinned-structured nanoparticles and their potential to be applied in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, food preservation, and packaging industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal Nainital Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - Megha Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal Nainital Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - Cherish Prashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) Delhi 110077 New Delhi India
- Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) Delhi 110077 New Delhi India
- Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subhasish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science K K Birla Goa Campus, Pilani Goa 403726 India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal Nainital Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - Anirban Dandapat
- University School of Automation and Robotics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University East Delhi Campus, SurajmalVihar Delhi 110092 India
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25
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Evbuomwan IO, Alejolowo OO, Elebiyo TC, Nwonuma CO, Ojo OA, Edosomwan EU, Chikwendu JI, Elosiuba NV, Akulue JC, Dogunro FA, Rotimi DE, Osemwegie OO, Ojo AB, Ademowo OG, Adeyemi OS, Oluba OM. In silico modeling revealed phytomolecules derived from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) leaf extract as promising candidates for malaria therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:101-118. [PMID: 36974933 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of varying levels of resistance to currently available antimalarial drugs significantly threatens global health. This factor heightens the urgency to explore bioactive compounds from natural products with a view to discovering and developing newer antimalarial drugs with novel mode of actions. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of sixteen phytocompounds from Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum drug targets such as P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1) and P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). In silico approaches including molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR were adopted to analyze the inhibitory activity of the compounds under consideration. The molecular docking results indicated that a compound swertiajaponin from C. citratus exhibited a higher binding affinity (-7.8 kcal/mol) to PfMSP1 as against the standard artesunate-amodiaquine (-6.6 kcal/mol). Swertiajaponin also formed strong hydrogen bond interactions with LYS29, CYS30, TYR34, ASN52, GLY55 and CYS28 amino acid residues. In addition, quercetin another compound from C. citratus exhibited significant binding energies -6.8 and -8.3 kcal/mol with PfCSP and PfEMP1, respectively but slightly lower than the standard artemether-lumefantrine with binding energies of -7.4 kcal/mol against PfCSP and -8.7 kcal/mol against PfEMP1. Overall, the present study provides evidence that swertiajaponin and other phytomolecules from C. citratus have modulatory properties toward P. falciparum drug targets and thus may warrant further exploration in early drug discovery efforts against malaria. Furthermore, these findings lend credence to the folkloric use of C. citratus for malaria treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Omokolade Oluwaseyi Alejolowo
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | - Charles Obiora Nwonuma
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology and Computational Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Evelyn Uwa Edosomwan
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olusegun George Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Drug Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training (IMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Olarewaju Michael Oluba
- SDG #03 Group - Good Health and Well-Being Research Cluster, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
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26
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Wassmer SC, de Koning-Ward TF, Grau GER, Pai S. Unravelling mysteries at the perivascular space: a new rationale for cerebral malaria pathogenesis. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:28-44. [PMID: 38065791 PMCID: PMC11072469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe neurological complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites; it is characterized by the sequestration of infected red blood cells within the cerebral microvasculature. New findings, combined with a better understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) barriers, have provided greater insight into the players and events involved in CM, including site-specific T cell responses in the human brain. Here, we review the updated roles of innate and adaptive immune responses in CM, with a focus on the role of the perivascular macrophage-endothelium unit in antigen presentation, in the vascular and perivascular compartments. We suggest that these events may be pivotal in the development of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Wassmer
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Tania F de Koning-Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saparna Pai
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
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Akafity G, Kumi N, Ashong J. Diagnosis and management of malaria in the intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:3-15. [PMID: 38263976 PMCID: PMC10800773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is responsible for approximately three-quarters of a million deaths in humans globally each year. Most of the morbidity and mortality reported are from Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, where the disease is endemic. In non-endemic areas, malaria is the most common cause of imported infection and is associated with significant mortality despite recent advancements and investments in elimination programs. Severe malaria often requires intensive care unit admission and can be complicated by cerebral malaria, respiratory distress, acute kidney injury, bleeding complications, and co-infection. Intensive care management includes prompt diagnosis and early initiation of effective antimalarial therapy, recognition of complications, and appropriate supportive care. However, the lack of diagnostic capacities due to limited advances in equipment, personnel, and infrastructure presents a challenge to the effective diagnosis and management of malaria. This article reviews the clinical classification, diagnosis, and management of malaria as relevant to critical care clinicians, highlighting the role of diagnostic capacity, treatment options, and supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Akafity
- Department of Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Kumi
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joyce Ashong
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by cells and have become significant players in immune system functioning, primarily by facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Immune cells like neutrophils and dendritic cells release EVs containing bioactive molecules that modulate chemotaxis, activate immune cells, and induce inflammation. EVs also contribute to antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, and immune tolerance. Moreover, EVs play pivotal roles in antimicrobial host defense. They deliver microbial antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), triggering immune responses, or act as decoys to neutralize virulence factors and toxins. This review discusses host and microbial EVs' multifaceted roles in innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting their involvement in immune cell development, antigen presentation, and antimicrobial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Skylar S. Wright
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Vijay A. Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Skorokhod O, Vostokova E, Gilardi G. The role of P450 enzymes in malaria and other vector-borne infectious diseases. Biofactors 2024; 50:16-32. [PMID: 37555735 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne infectious diseases are still an important global health problem. Malaria is the most important among them, mainly pediatric, life-threatening disease. Malaria and other vector-borne disorders caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses have a strong impact on public health and significant economic costs. Most vector-borne diseases could be prevented by vector control, with attention to the ecological and biodiversity conservation aspects. Chemical control with pesticides and insecticides is widely used as a measure of prevention although increasing resistance to insecticides is a serious issue in vector control. Metabolic resistance is the most common mechanism and poses a big challenge. Insect enzyme systems, including monooxygenase CYP P450 enzymes, are employed by vectors mainly to metabolize insecticides thus causing resistance. The discovery and application of natural specific inhibitors/blockers of vector P450 enzymes as synergists for commonly used pesticides will contribute to the "greening" of insecticides. Besides vector CYPs, host CYP enzymes could also be exploited to fight against vector-borne diseases: using mostly their detoxifying properties and involvement in the immune response. Here, we review published research data on P450 enzymes from all players in vector-borne infections, that is, pathogens, vectors, and hosts, regarding the potential role of CYPs in disease. We discuss strategies on how to exploit cytochromes P450 in vector-borne disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Vostokova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Kimura M, Kothari S, Gohir W, Camargo JF, Husain S. MicroRNAs in infectious diseases: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0001523. [PMID: 37909789 PMCID: PMC10732047 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00015-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are key players in regulating the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the host immune response to infection. The resultant upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs from infection influences the protein expression of genes responsible for the immune response and can determine the risk of disease progression. Recently, miRNAs have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various infectious diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of miRNAs during viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections from a clinical perspective, including critical functional mechanisms and implications for their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyoshi Kimura
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagar Kothari
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wajiha Gohir
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose F. Camargo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pal K, Lala S, Agarwal P, Patel TS, Legac J, Rahman MA, Ahmedi S, Shahid N, Singh S, Kumari K, Madhav H, Sen A, Manzoor N, Dixit BC, Van Zyl R, Rosenthal PJ, Hoda N. Naphthyl bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazoleacetamides targeting the parasitic folate pathway as anti-infectious agents: in silico, synthesis, and biological approach. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2768-2781. [PMID: 38107179 PMCID: PMC10718588 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still a complex and lethal parasitic infectious disease, despite the availability of effective antimalarial drugs. Resistance of malaria parasites to current treatments necessitates new antimalarials targeting P. falciparum proteins. The present study reported the design and synthesis of a series of a 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-N-(5-((naphthalen-2-yloxy)methyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide hybrids for the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) using computational biology tools followed by chemical synthesis, structural characterization, and functional analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against CQ-sensitive PfNF54 and CQ-resistant PfW2 strain. Compounds T5 and T6 are the most active compounds having anti-plasmodial activity against PfNF54 with IC50 values of 0.94 and 3.46 μM respectively. Compound T8 is the most active against the PfW2 strain having an IC50 of 3.91 μM. Further, these active hybrids (T5, T6, and T8) were also evaluated for enzyme inhibition assay against PfDHFR. All the tested compounds were non-toxic against the Hek293 cell line with good selectivity indices. Hemolysis assay also showed non-toxicity of these compounds on normal uninfected human RBCs. In silico molecular docking studies were carried out in the binding pocket of both the wild-type and quadruple mutant Pf-DHFR-TS to gain further insights into probable modes of action of active compounds. ADME prediction and physiochemical properties support their drug-likeness. Additionally, they were screened for antileishmanial activity against L. donovani promastigotes to explore broader applications. Thus, this study provides molecular frameworks for developing potent antimalarials and antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | - Sahil Lala
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120 Gujarat India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saiema Ahmedi
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Nida Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | - Abhik Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120 Gujarat India
| | - Robyn Van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | | | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
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Jantausch BA, Bost JE, Bhansali P, Hefter Y, Greenberg I, Goldman E. Assessing trainee critical thinking skills using a novel interactive online learning tool. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2178871. [PMID: 36871259 PMCID: PMC9987719 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2178871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical thinking is essential for the accurate diagnosis and management of patients. It is correlated with academic success. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to design a novel tool for interactive online learning to improve knowledge and to assess trainees' critical thinking skills using the framework of the American Philosophical Association (APA). METHODS Residents, fellows and students participated in an online, self-directed case-based vignette activity to learn malaria diagnosis and management. Pre and post-tests with multiple choice and open-ended case-based questions assessed knowledge and critical thinking. Comparison between pre and post-test scores across subgroups were performed using paired t-tests or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Between 4 April 2017 to 14 July 2019, 62 of 75 (82%) eligible subjects completed both the pre and the post-test. Improved post-test scores occurred in 90% of medical students, p=0.001, 77% of residents, p<0.001, 60% of fellows, p=0.72 and 75% of trainees overall, p=<0.001. Fellows had higher pre-test scores than students or residents but there was no difference by level of training on the post-test. CONCLUSIONS This interactive online learning activity effectively imparted medical knowledge and improved trainee responses to questions requiring critical thinking. To our knowledge, this is the first time the APA's critical thinking framework has been incorporated into interactive online learning and assessment of critical thinking skills in medical trainees. We applied this innovation specifically in global health education, but there is obvious potential to expand it to a wide variety of areas of clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Jantausch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James E. Bost
- Children’s National Research Institute, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priti Bhansali
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yosefa Hefter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ellen Goldman
- Human and Organizational Learning, Master Teacher Leadership Development Program, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Takyi A, Carrara VI, Dahal P, Przybylska M, Harriss E, Insaidoo G, Barnes KI, Guerin PJ, Stepniewska K. Characterisation of populations at risk of sub-optimal dosing of artemisinin-based combination therapy in Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002059. [PMID: 38039291 PMCID: PMC10691722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Selection of resistant malaria strains occurs when parasites are exposed to inadequate antimalarial drug concentrations. The proportion of uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients at risk of being sub-optimally dosed with the current World Health Organization (WHO) recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is unknown. This study aims to estimate this proportion and the excess number of treatment failures (recrudescences) associated with sub-optimal dosing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-populations at risk of sub-optimal dosing include wasted children <5 years of age, patients with hyperparasitaemia, pregnant women, people living with HIV, and overweight adults. Country-level data on population structure were extracted from openly accessible data sources. Pooled adjusted Hazard Ratios for PCR-confirmed recrudescence were estimated for each risk group from published meta-analyses using fixed-effect meta-analysis. In 2020, of the estimated 153.1 million uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients in Africa, the largest risk groups were the hyperparasitaemic patients (13.2 million, 8.6% of uncomplicated malaria cases) and overweight adults (10.3 million, 6.7% of uncomplicated cases). The estimated excess total number of treatment failures ranged from 0.338 million for a 98% baseline ACT efficacy to 1.352 million for a 92% baseline ACT efficacy. Our study shows that an estimated nearly 1 in 4 people with uncomplicated confirmed P. falciparum malaria in Africa are at risk of receiving a sub-optimal antimalarial drug dosing. This increases the risk of antimalarial drug resistance and poses a serious threat to malaria control and elimination efforts. Changes in antimalarial dosing or treatment duration of current antimalarials may be needed and new antimalarials development should ensure sufficient drug concentration levels in these sub-populations that carry a high malaria burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abena Takyi
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Verena I. Carrara
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eli Harriss
- The Knowledge Centre, Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen I. Barnes
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philippe J. Guerin
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Stepniewska
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, United Kingdom
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ribeiro R, Costa L, Pinto E, Sousa E, Fernandes C. Therapeutic Potential of Marine-Derived Cyclic Peptides as Antiparasitic Agents. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:609. [PMID: 38132930 PMCID: PMC10745025 DOI: 10.3390/md21120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still compromise human health. Some of the currently available therapeutic drugs have limitations considering their adverse effects, questionable efficacy, and long treatment, which have encouraged drug resistance. There is an urgent need to find new, safe, effective, and affordable antiparasitic drugs. Marine-derived cyclic peptides have been increasingly screened as candidates for developing new drugs. Therefore, in this review, a systematic analysis of the scientific literature was performed and 25 marine-derived cyclic peptides with antiparasitic activity (1-25) were found. Antimalarial activity is the most reported (51%), followed by antileishmanial (27%) and antitrypanosomal (20%) activities. Some compounds showed promising antiparasitic activity at the nM scale, being active against various parasites. The mechanisms of action and targets for some of the compounds have been investigated, revealing different strategies against parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Lia Costa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (L.C.); (E.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
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Meira C, Silva J, Quadros H, Silva L, Barreto B, Rocha V, Bomfim L, Santos E, Soares M. Galectins in Protozoan Parasitic Diseases: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:2671. [PMID: 38067100 PMCID: PMC10705098 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of diseases that generally develop in tropical or subtropical climatic conditions and are related to poverty. Within the spectrum of NTDs, diseases caused by protozoa such as malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis exhibit elevated mortality rates, thereby constituting a substantial public health concern. Beyond their protozoan etiology, these NTDs share other similarities, such as the challenge of control and the lack of affordable, safe, and effective drugs. In view of the above, the need to explore novel diagnostic predictors and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these parasitic diseases is evident. In this context, galectins are attractive because they are a set of lectins bound to β-galactosides that play key roles in a variety of cellular processes, including host-parasite interaction such as adhesion and entry of parasites into the host cells, and participate in antiparasitic immunity in either a stimulatory or inhibitory manner, especially the galectins-1, -2, -3, and -9. These functions bestow upon galectins significant therapeutic prospects in the context of managing and diagnosing NTDs. Thus, the present review aims to elucidate the potential role of galectins in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Helenita Quadros
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Laís Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Breno Barreto
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Emanuelle Santos
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Milena Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
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Gebreegziabher T, Sidibe S. Prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia among children aged 6-24 months and 25-59 months in Mali. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e112. [PMID: 37964977 PMCID: PMC10641697 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considerable global initiatives have been undertaken to tackle anaemia, its prevalence continues to be high in sub-Saharan African nations. In Mali specifically, anaemia represents a significant and pressing public health issue. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6-24 months (younger age group) and 25-59 months (older age group). We used the Mali 2018 Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 8861 mothers with children under five. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 88 % in the younger and 76 % in the older age groups. The risk factors unique to the younger age group were malaria (OR 4⋅05; CI 0⋅95, 11⋅3) and place of residence (OR 0⋅55; CI 0⋅32, 0⋅94), while for the older age group, they were morbidity (OR 1⋅91; CI 1⋅12, 3⋅24), drinking from a bottle (OR 1⋅52; CI 1⋅04, 2⋅22), and micronutrient intake (OR 0⋅61; CI 0⋅40, 0⋅91). Risk factors that significantly contributed to both age groups include breastfeeding, deworming, maternal anaemia, maternal education, and wealth index. Anaemia also varied by region. The widespread prevalence of anaemia can be attributed to a multitude of factors. In addressing this issue, it is imperative to acknowledge the unique characteristics of specific regions and rural areas, where the incidence of anaemia surpasses the national average. Therefore, any intervention efforts should be tailored to the specific needs and challenges of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Gebreegziabher
- Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 E University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7571, USA
| | - Saran Sidibe
- Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 E University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7571, USA
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Shi H, Yu X, Cheng G. Impact of the microbiome on mosquito-borne diseases. Protein Cell 2023; 14:743-761. [PMID: 37186167 PMCID: PMC10599646 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases present a significant threat to human health, with the possibility of outbreaks of new mosquito-borne diseases always looming. Unfortunately, current measures to combat these diseases such as vaccines and drugs are often either unavailable or ineffective. However, recent studies on microbiomes may reveal promising strategies to fight these diseases. In this review, we examine recent advances in our understanding of the effects of both the mosquito and vertebrate microbiomes on mosquito-borne diseases. We argue that the mosquito microbiome can have direct and indirect impacts on the transmission of these diseases, with mosquito symbiotic microorganisms, particularly Wolbachia bacteria, showing potential for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, the skin microbiome of vertebrates plays a significant role in mosquito preferences, while the gut microbiome has an impact on the progression of mosquito-borne diseases in humans. As researchers continue to explore the role of microbiomes in mosquito-borne diseases, we highlight some promising future directions for this field. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes, their hosts, pathogens, and the microbiomes of mosquitoes and hosts may hold the key to preventing and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Shi
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Rajneesh, Tiwari R, Singh VK, Kumar A, Gupta RP, Singh AK, Gautam V, Kumar R. Advancements and Challenges in Developing Malaria Vaccines: Targeting Multiple Stages of the Parasite Life Cycle. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1795-1814. [PMID: 37708228 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, remains a major global health concern, causing millions of deaths annually. While the introduction of the RTS,S vaccine has shown promise, there is a pressing need for more effective vaccines due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant vectors. However, the complex life cycle and genetic diversity of the parasite, technical obstacles, limited funding, and the impact of the 2019 pandemic have hindered progress in malaria vaccine development. This review focuses on advancements in malaria vaccine development, particularly the ongoing clinical trials targeting antigens from different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. Additionally, we discuss the rationale, strategies, and challenges associated with vaccine design, aiming to enhance the immune response and protective efficacy of vaccine candidates. A cost-effective and multistage vaccine could hold the key to controlling and eradicating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vishal K Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rohit P Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh K Singh
- Faculty of Dental Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Ohene-Adjei K, Asante KP, Akuffo KO, Tounaikok N, Asiamah M, Owiredu D, Manu AA, Danso-Appiah A. Malaria vaccine-related adverse events among children under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076985. [PMID: 37793915 PMCID: PMC10551995 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RTS,S vaccine has been approved for use in children under 5 living in moderate to high malaria transmission areas. However, clinically important adverse events have been reported in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review aims to assess the frequency, severity and clinical importance of vaccine-related adverse events. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review protocol has been prepared following robust methods and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for protocols guidelines. We will search PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, Cochrane library, HINARI, African Journals Online, Trip Pro and TOXNET from 2000 to 30 September 2023, without language restrictions. We will also search conference proceedings, dissertations, World Bank Open Knowledge Repository, and WHO, PATH, UNICEF, Food and Drugs Authorities and European Medicines Agency databases, preprint repositories and reference lists of relevant studies for additional studies. Experts in the field will be contacted for unpublished or published studies missed by our searches. At least two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data using pretested tools and assess risk of bias in the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the reviewers. Heterogeneity will be explored graphically, and statistically using the I2 statistic. We will conduct random-effects meta-analysis when heterogeneity is appreciable, and express dichotomous outcomes (serious adverse events, cerebral malaria and febrile convulsion) as risk ratio (RR) with their 95% CI. We will perform subgroup analysis to assess the impact of heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the effect estimates. The overall level of evidence will be assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for a systematic review. The findings of this study will be disseminated through stakeholder forums, conferences and peer-review publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021275155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Ohene-Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Tain District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Tain, Ghana
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Research and Development Division, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Kintampo North Municipality, Bono East Region, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Narcisse Tounaikok
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Human and Animal Health, University of Emi Koussi, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Morrison Asiamah
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Owiredu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alexander Ansah Manu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anthony Danso-Appiah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Tumas KC, Xu F, Wu J, Hernandez M, Pattaradilokrat S, Xia L, Peng YC, Lavali AM, He X, Singh BK, Zhang C, Percopo C, Qi CF, Huang S, Long CA, Su XZ. Dysfunction of CD169 + macrophages and blockage of erythrocyte maturation as a mechanism of anemia in Plasmodium yoelii infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311557120. [PMID: 37748059 PMCID: PMC10556621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311557120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites cause malaria with disease outcomes ranging from mild illness to deadly complications such as severe malarial anemia (SMA), pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, and cerebral malaria. In young children, SMA often requires blood transfusion and is a major cause of hospitalization. Malaria parasite infection leads to the destruction of infected and noninfected erythrocytes as well as dyserythropoiesis; however, the mechanism of dyserythropoiesis accompanied by splenomegaly is not completely understood. Using Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL as a model, we show that both a defect in erythroblastic island (EBI) macrophages in supporting red blood cell (RBC) maturation and the destruction of reticulocytes/RBCs by the parasites contribute to SMA and splenomegaly. After malaria parasite infection, the destruction of both infected and noninfected RBCs stimulates extramedullary erythropoiesis in mice. The continuous decline of RBCs stimulates active erythropoiesis and drives the expansion of EBIs in the spleen, contributing to splenomegaly. Phagocytosis of malaria parasites by macrophages in the bone marrow and spleen may alter their functional properties and abilities to support erythropoiesis, including reduced expression of the adherence molecule CD169 and inability to support erythroblast differentiation, particularly RBC maturation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, macrophage dysfunction is a key mechanism contributing to SMA. Mitigating and/or alleviating the inhibition of RBC maturation may provide a treatment strategy for SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyla C. Tumas
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Fangzheng Xu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Maricarmen Hernandez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Lu Xia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410033, China
| | - Yu-chih Peng
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Angela Musu Lavali
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Xiao He
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Cui Zhang
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Caroline Percopo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Pathology Core, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Suming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA17033
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA17033
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
| | - Xin-zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD20852
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Sriboonvorakul N, Chotivanich K, Silachamroon U, Phumratanaprapin W, Adams JH, Dondorp AM, Leopold SJ. Intestinal injury and the gut microbiota in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011661. [PMID: 37856470 PMCID: PMC10586672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of severe falciparum malaria involves a complex interaction between the host, parasite, and gut microbes. In this review, we focus on understanding parasite-induced intestinal injury and changes in the human intestinal microbiota composition in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. During the blood stage of P. falciparum infection, infected red blood cells adhere to the vascular endothelium, leading to widespread microcirculatory obstruction in critical tissues, including the splanchnic vasculature. This process may cause intestinal injury and gut leakage. Epidemiological studies indicate higher rates of concurrent bacteraemia in severe malaria cases. Furthermore, severe malaria patients exhibit alterations in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, although the exact contribution to pathophysiology remains unclear. Mouse studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota composition can impact susceptibility to Plasmodium infections. In patients with severe malaria, the microbiota shows an enrichment of pathobionts, including pathogens that are known to cause concomitant bloodstream infections. Microbial metabolites have also been detected in the plasma of severe malaria patients, potentially contributing to metabolic acidosis and other clinical complications. However, establishing causal relationships requires intervention studies targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Silachamroon
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Phumratanaprapin
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arjen M. Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stije J. Leopold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, the Netherlands
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Mandal RK, Schmidt NW. Mechanistic insights into the interaction between the host gut microbiome and malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011665. [PMID: 37824458 PMCID: PMC10569623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease and significant global health burden caused by the bite of a Plasmodium-infected female Anopheles mosquito. Gut microbiota was recently discovered as a risk factor of severe malaria. This review entails the recent advances on the impact of gut microbiota composition on malaria severity and consequence of malaria infection on gut microbiota in mammalian hosts. Additionally, this review provides mechanistic insight into interactions that might occur between gut microbiota and host immunity which in turn can modulate malaria severity. Finally, approaches to modulate gut microbiota composition are discussed. We anticipate this review will facilitate novel hypotheses to move the malaria-gut microbiome field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K. Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
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Kotepui M, Kotepui K, Mahittikorn A, Majima HJ, Tangpong J, Yen HC. Association of reduced glutathione levels with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16483. [PMID: 37777547 PMCID: PMC10542361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a crucial antioxidant with recognized roles in malaria pathogenesis and host response. Despite its importance, reports on the association of GSH with malaria are inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the differences in GSH levels in relation to Plasmodium infection. A comprehensive literature search of six electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest) was conducted. Of the 2158 initially identified records, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies reported a significant decrease in GSH levels in malaria patients compared with uninfected controls, and this was confirmed by meta-analysis (P < 0.01, Hedges g: - 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 2.48 to - 0.46, I2: 99.12%, 17 studies). Additionally, there was no significant difference in GSH levels between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and P. vivax malaria (P = 0.80, Hedges g: 0.11, 95% CI - 0.76 to 0.98, I2: 93.23%, three studies). Similarly, no significant variation was observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria cases (P = 0.78, Hedges g: 0.06, 95% CI - 0.34 to 0.46, I2: 48.07%, two studies). In conclusion, although GSH levels appear to be generally lower in malaria patients, further detailed studies are necessary to fully elucidate this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
| | - Kwuntida Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Yen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kane J, Li X, Kumar S, Button-Simons KA, Brenneman KMV, Dahlhoff H, Sievert MA, Checkley LA, Shoue DA, Singh PP, Abatiyow BA, Haile MT, Nair S, Reyes A, Tripura R, Peto T, Lek D, Kappe SH, Dhorda M, Nkhoma SC, Cheeseman IH, Vaughan AM, Anderson TJC, Ferdig MT. A Plasmodium falciparum genetic cross reveals the contributions of pfcrt and plasmepsin II/III to piperaquine drug resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543862. [PMID: 37745488 PMCID: PMC10515748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Piperaquine (PPQ) is widely used in combination with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a first-line treatment against malaria parasites. Multiple genetic drivers of PPQ resistance have been reported, including mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) and increased copies of plasmepsin II/III (pm2/3). We generated a cross between a Cambodia-derived multi-drug resistant KEL1/PLA1 lineage isolate (KH004) and a drug susceptible parasite isolated in Malawi (Mal31). Mal31 harbors a wild-type (3D7-like) pfcrt allele and a single copy of pm2/3, while KH004 has a chloroquine-resistant (Dd2-like) pfcrt allele with an additional G367C substitution and four copies of pm2/3. We recovered 104 unique recombinant progeny and examined a targeted set of progeny representing all possible combinations of variants at pfcrt and pm2/3 for detailed analysis of competitive fitness and a range of PPQ susceptibility phenotypes, including PPQ survival assay (PSA), area under the dose-response curve (AUC), and a limited point IC50 (LP-IC50). We find that inheritance of the KH004 pfcrt allele is required for PPQ resistance, whereas copy number variation in pm2/3 further enhances resistance but does not confer resistance in the absence of PPQ-R-associated mutations in pfcrt. Deeper investigation of genotype-phenotype relationships demonstrates that progeny clones from experimental crosses can be used to understand the relative contributions of pfcrt, pm2/3, and parasite genetic background, to a range of PPQ-related traits and confirm the critical role of the PfCRT G367C substitution in PPQ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kane
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katrina A. Button-Simons
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Haley Dahlhoff
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mackenzie A.C. Sievert
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Lisa A. Checkley
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Douglas A. Shoue
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Puspendra P. Singh
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Biley A. Abatiyow
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meseret T. Haile
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shalini Nair
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ann Reyes
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rupam Tripura
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Peto
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Dysoley Lek
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mehul Dhorda
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Standwell C Nkhoma
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Ian H. Cheeseman
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy J. C. Anderson
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael T. Ferdig
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Dabburu GR, Jain A, Subbarao N, Kumar M. Designing dual inhibitors against potential drug targets of Plasmodium falciparum -M17 Leucyl Aminopeptidase and Plasmepsins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8026-8041. [PMID: 36214679 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2129452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the major diseases of concern worldwide, especially in the African regions. According to a recent WHO report, 95% of deaths that occur due to malaria are in the African regions. Resistance to present antimalarial drugs is increasing rapidly and becoming a problem of concern. M17 Leucyl Aminopeptidase (PfM17LAP) and vacuolar Plasmepsins (PfPM) are two important enzymes involved in the haemoglobin degradation pathway of Plasmodium falciparum. PfM17LAP regulates the release of amino acids and PfPM mediates the conversion of haemoglobin proteins to oligopeptides. These enzymes thus play an essential role in the survival of malaria parasites inside the human body. In the present study, we used in-silico molecular docking, simulation and Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) studies to find potential dual inhibitors of PfPM and PfM17LAP using the ChEMBL antimalarial library. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profiling of the top ten ranked molecules was done using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The present investigation revealed that the compound CHEMBL426945 is stable in the binding site of both PfPM and PfM17LAP. In this study, we have reported novel dual-inhibitors that may act better than the present antimalarial drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Rao Dabburu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakriti Jain
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Rent S, Bauserman M, Laktabai J, Tshefu AK, Taylor SM. Malaria in Pregnancy: Key Points for the Neonatologist. Neoreviews 2023; 24:e539-e552. [PMID: 37653081 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-9-e539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In malaria-endemic regions, infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium during pregnancy has been identified as a key modifiable factor in preterm birth, the delivery of low-birthweight infants, and stillbirth. Compared with their nonpregnant peers, pregnant persons are at higher risk for malaria infection. Malaria infection can occur at any time during pregnancy, with negative effects for the pregnant person and the fetus, depending on the trimester in which the infection is contracted. Pregnant patients who are younger, in their first or second pregnancy, and those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus are at increased risk for malaria. Common infection prevention measures during pregnancy include the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and the use of intermittent preventive treatment with monthly doses of antimalarials, beginning in the second trimester in pregnant patients in endemic areas. In all trimesters, artemisinin-combination therapies are the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, similar to treatment in nonpregnant adults. The World Health Organization recently revised its recommendations, now listing the specific medication artemether-lumefantrine as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester. While strong prevention and detection methods exist, use of these techniques remains below global targets. Ongoing work on approaches to treatment and prevention of malaria during pregnancy remains at the forefront of global maternal child health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharla Rent
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Antoinette K Tshefu
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Steve M Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Saito M, Phyo AP, Chu C, Proux S, Rijken MJ, Beau C, Win HH, Archasuksan L, Wiladphaingern J, Phu NH, Hien TT, Day NP, Dondorp AM, White NJ, Nosten F, McGready R. Severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy in Southeast Asia: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:320. [PMID: 37620809 PMCID: PMC10464355 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe malaria in pregnancy causes maternal mortality, morbidity, and adverse foetal outcomes. The factors contributing to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes are not well defined. We aimed to identify the factors predicting higher maternal mortality and to describe the foetal mortality and morbidity associated with severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted of severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy, as defined by the World Health Organization severe malaria criteria. The patients were managed prospectively by the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) on the Thailand-Myanmar border or were included in hospital-based clinical trials in six Southeast Asian countries. Fixed-effects multivariable penalised logistic regression was used for analysing maternal mortality. RESULTS We included 213 (123 SMRU and 90 hospital-based) episodes of severe falciparum malaria in pregnancy managed between 1980 and 2020. The mean maternal age was 25.7 (SD 6.8) years, and the mean gestational age was 25.6 (SD 8.9) weeks. The overall maternal mortality was 12.2% (26/213). Coma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.18, 95% CI 2.01-25.57, p = 0.0002), hypotension (aOR 11.21, 95%CI 1.27-98.92, p = 0.03) and respiratory failure (aOR 4.98, 95%CI 1.13-22.01, p = 0.03) were associated with maternal mortality. Pregnant women with one or more of these three criteria had a mortality of 29.1% (25/86) (95%CI 19.5 to 38.7%) whereas there were no deaths in 88 pregnant women with hyperparasitaemia (> 10% parasitised erythrocytes) only or severe anaemia (haematocrit < 20%) only. In the SMRU prospective cohort, in which the pregnant women were followed up until delivery, the risks of foetal loss (23.3% by Kaplan-Meier estimator, 25/117) and small-for-gestational-age (38.3%, 23/60) after severe malaria were high. Maternal death, foetal loss and preterm birth occurred commonly within a week of diagnosis of severe malaria. CONCLUSIONS Vital organ dysfunction in pregnant women with severe malaria was associated with a very high maternal and foetal mortality whereas severe anaemia or hyperparasitaemia alone were not associated with poor prognosis, which may explain the variation of reported mortality from severe malaria in pregnancy. Access to antenatal care must be promoted to reduce barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of both malaria and anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aung Pyae Phyo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Cindy Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Stephane Proux
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Marcus J Rijken
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Candy Beau
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Htun Htun Win
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Laypaw Archasuksan
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Jacher Wiladphaingern
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Nguyen H Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran T Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nick P Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kefi M, Balabanidou V, Sarafoglou C, Charamis J, Lycett G, Ranson H, Gouridis G, Vontas J. ABCH2 transporter mediates deltamethrin uptake and toxicity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011226. [PMID: 37585450 PMCID: PMC10461823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact insecticides are primarily used for the control of Anopheles malaria vectors. These chemicals penetrate mosquito legs and other appendages; the first barriers to reaching their neuronal targets. An ATP-Binding Cassette transporter from the H family (ABCH2) is highly expressed in Anopheles coluzzii legs, and further induced upon insecticide exposure. RNAi-mediated silencing of the ABCH2 caused a significant increase in deltamethrin mortality compared to control mosquitoes, coincident with a corresponding increase in 14C-deltamethrin penetration. RT-qPCR analysis and immunolocalization revealed ABCH2 to be mainly localized in the legs and head appendages, and more specifically, the apical part of the epidermis, underneath the cuticle. To unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the role of ABCH2 in modulating pyrethroid toxicity, two hypotheses were investigated: An indirect role, based on the orthology with other insect ABCH transporters involved with lipid transport and deposition of CHC lipids in Anopheles legs which may increase cuticle thickness, slowing down the penetration rate of deltamethrin; or the direct pumping of deltamethrin out of the organism. Evaluation of the leg cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) content showed no affect by ABCH2 silencing, indicating this protein is not associated with the transport of leg CHCs. Homology-based modeling suggested that the ABCH2 half-transporter adopts a physiological homodimeric state, in line with its ability to hydrolyze ATP in vitro when expressed on its own in insect cells. Docking analysis revealed a deltamethrin pocket in the homodimeric transporter. Furthermore, deltamethrin-induced ATP hydrolysis in ABCH2-expressing cell membranes, further supports that deltamethrin is indeed an ABCH2 substrate. Overall, our findings pinpoint ABCH2 participating in deltamethrin toxicity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kefi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chara Sarafoglou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Charamis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gareth Lycett
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgos Gouridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ranjit S, Kissoon N, Argent A, Inwald D, Ventura AMC, Jaborinsky R, Sankar J, de Souza DC, Natraj R, De Oliveira CF, Samransamruajkit R, Jayashree M, Schlapbach LJ. Haemodynamic support for paediatric septic shock: a global perspective. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:588-598. [PMID: 37354910 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock is a leading cause of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality for children worldwide. In 2020, the paediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) issued evidence-based recommendations for clinicians caring for children with septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction based on the evidence available at the time. There are now more trials from multiple settings, including low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), addressing optimal fluid choice and amount, selection and timing of vasoactive infusions, and optimal monitoring and therapeutic endpoints. In response to developments in adult critical care to trial personalised haemodynamic management algorithms, it is timely to critically reassess the current state of applying SSC guidelines in LMIC settings. In this Viewpoint, we briefly outline the challenges to improve sepsis care in LMICs and then discuss three key concepts that are relevant to management of children with septic shock around the world, especially in LMICs. These concepts include uncertainties surrounding the early recognition of paediatric septic shock, choices for initial haemodynamic support, and titration of ongoing resuscitation to therapeutic endpoints. Specifically, given the evolving understanding of clinical phenotypes, we focus on the controversies surrounding the concepts of early fluid resuscitation and vasoactive agent use, including insights gained from experience in LMICs and high-income countries. We outline the key components of sepsis management that are both globally relevant and translatable to low-resource settings, with a view to open the conversation to the large variety of treatment pathways, especially in LMICs. We emphasise the role of simple and easily available monitoring tools to apply the SSC guidelines and to tailor individualised support to the patient's cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Ranjit
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Apollo Children's Hospital, Chennai, India.
| | | | - Andrew Argent
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Inwald
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andréa Maria Cordeiro Ventura
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitário da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Jaborinsky
- Northeastern National University, Corrientes, Argentina; Latin American Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay; SLACIP Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jhuma Sankar
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Daniela Carla de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitário da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Latin American Sepsis Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rajeswari Natraj
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Apollo Children's Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | | | - Rujipat Samransamruajkit
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Pediatric Emergency and Intensive Care, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care and Neonatology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Wiser MF. Knobs, Adhesion, and Severe Falciparum Malaria. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:353. [PMID: 37505649 PMCID: PMC10385726 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum can cause a severe disease with high mortality. A major factor contributing to the increased virulence of P. falciparum, as compared to other human malarial parasites, is the sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the capillary beds of organs and tissues. This sequestration is due to the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. Cytoadherence is primarily mediated by a parasite protein expressed on the surface of the infected erythrocyte called P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1). PfEMP1 is embedded in electron-dense protuberances on the surface of the infected erythrocytes called knobs. These knobs are assembled on the erythrocyte membrane via exported parasite proteins, and the knobs function as focal points for the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. PfEMP1 is a member of the var gene family, and there are approximately 60 antigenically distinct PfEMP1 alleles per parasite genome. Var gene expression exhibits allelic exclusion, with only a single allele being expressed by an individual parasite. This results in sequential waves of antigenically distinct infected erythrocytes and this antigenic variation allows the parasite to establish long-term chronic infections. A wide range of endothelial cell receptors can bind to the various PfEMP1 alleles, and thus, antigenic variation also results in a change in the cytoadherence phenotype. The cytoadherence phenotype may result in infected erythrocytes sequestering in different tissues and this difference in sequestration may explain the wide range of possible clinical manifestations associated with severe falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Wiser
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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