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Pop D, Buzatu R, Moacă EA, Watz CG, Cîntă Pînzaru S, Barbu Tudoran L, Nekvapil F, Avram Ș, Dehelean CA, Crețu MO, Nicolov M, Szuhanek C, Jivănescu A. Development and Characterization of Fe 3O 4@Carbon Nanoparticles and Their Biological Screening Related to Oral Administration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3556. [PMID: 34202095 PMCID: PMC8269588 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current study presents the effect of naked Fe3O4@Carbon nanoparticles obtained by the combustion method on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and primary gingival keratinocytes (PGKs)-relevant cell lines of buccal oral mucosa. In this regard, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) development via combustion method and characterization of nanosized magnetite particles with carbon on their surface, (ii) biocompatibility assessment of the obtained magnetic nanoparticles on HGF and PGK cell lines and (iii) evaluation of possible irritative reaction of Fe3O4@Carbon nanoparticles on the highly vascularized chorioallantoic membrane of a chick embryo. Physicochemical properties of Fe3O4@Carbon nanoparticles were characterized in terms of phase composition, chemical structure, and polymorphic and molecular interactions of the chemical bonds within the nanomaterial, magnetic measurements, ultrastructure, morphology, and elemental composition. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of magnetite as phase pure without any other secondary phases, and Raman spectroscopy exhibit that the pre-formed magnetic nanoparticles were covered with carbon film, resulting from the synthesis method employed. Scanning electron microscopy shown that nanoparticles obtained were uniformly distributed, with a nearly spherical shape with sizes at the nanometric level; iron, oxygen, and carbon were the only elements detected. While biological screening of Fe3O4@Carbon nanoparticles revealed no significant cytotoxic potential on the HGF and PGK cell lines, a slight sign of irritation was observed on a limited area on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pop
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300580 Timișoara, Romania; (D.P.); (A.J.)
- TADERP Reseach Center—Advanced and Digital Techniques for Endodontic, Restorative and Prosthetic Treatment, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Geanina Watz
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Simona Cîntă Pînzaru
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu Street, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.P.); (F.N.)
- RDI Laboratory of Applied Raman Spectroscopy, RDI Institute of Applied Natural Sciences (IRDI-ANS), Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Fântânele Street, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory “Prof. C. Craciun”, Faculty of Biology & Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fran Nekvapil
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu Street, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.P.); (F.N.)
- RDI Laboratory of Applied Raman Spectroscopy, RDI Institute of Applied Natural Sciences (IRDI-ANS), Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Fântânele Street, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefana Avram
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș” Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Marius Octavian Crețu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Nicolov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Camelia Szuhanek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anca Jivănescu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300580 Timișoara, Romania; (D.P.); (A.J.)
- TADERP Reseach Center—Advanced and Digital Techniques for Endodontic, Restorative and Prosthetic Treatment, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Revolutiei Ave. 1989, No. 9, RO-300041 Timişoara, Romania
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de Souza Henkin F, de Menezes LM, Dedavid BA, Quintão CA. Comparison between traditional and alternative biocompatible welding techniques used in orthodontic devices. J Orthod 2020; 48:127-134. [PMID: 34160324 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520972403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mechanical strength of joints made by conventional soldering with those made by alternative, more biocompatible, methods (spot, tungsten inert gas [TIG] and laser welding), and to compare the microstructural morphology of wires welded with these techniques. DESIGN In vitro, laboratory study. METHODS Forty stainless-steel wire segments with 0.8-mm diameter were joined by silver soldering, spot, laser and TIG welding. Ten specimens were produced for each one. Tensile strength test was performed 24 h after welding on the Emic DL2000™ universal testing machine, using a load cell of 1000 N with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. RESULTS The highest tensile strength mean values were obtained with silver soldering (532 N), next were laser (420 N), spot (301 N) and TIG (296 N) welding. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups; the Dunn post-hoc test revealed differences between laser and spot welding (p=0.046), laser and TIG (p = 0.016), spot and silver (p <0.001), and silver and TIG (p <0.001). CONCLUSION Laser welding strength is high, and comparable to silver welding. Spot and TIG techniques present comparable and significantly lower strengths. The four methods presented resistance values compatible with orthodontic use. The microstructural morphology is different for each technique. The association between the mechanical performance and the microstructure evaluation shows that laser presented the highest quality joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Souza Henkin
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciane Macedo de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Berenice Anina Dedavid
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, NUCLEMAT- Metallic Materials Core, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cátia Abdo Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Souza Schacher HR, de Menezes LM. Metal ion quantification in the saliva of patients with lingual arch appliances using silver solder, laser, or TIG welding. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2109-2120. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rodts T, Schmid S, Selles M, Pasang T, Sanchez-Caballero S. Selective laser fiber welding on woven polymer fabrics for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:628-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Perveen A, Molardi C, Fornaini C. Applications of Laser Welding in Dentistry: A State-of-the-Art Review. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E209. [PMID: 30424142 PMCID: PMC6187655 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dental industry without lasers is inconceivable right now. This captivating technology has outlasted other possible alternative technologies applied in dentistry in the past due to its precision, accuracy, minimal invasive effect as well as faster operating time. Other alternatives such as soldering, resistance (spot) welding, plasma (torch) welding, and single pulse tungsten inert gas welding have their pros and cons; nevertheless, laser welding remains the most suitable option so far for dental application. This paper attempts to give an insight into the laser principle and types of lasers used for dental purposes, types of dental alloys used by the dentist, and effect of laser parameters on prosthesis/implants. It is apparent from the literature review that laser assisted dental welding will continue to grow and will become an unparalleled technology for dental arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Perveen
- Mechanical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Carlo Molardi
- Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; .
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, I-43124, Italy.
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6
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Cytotoxic outcomes of orthodontic bands with and without silver solder in different cell lineages. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:957-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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In vivo evaluation of the genotoxic effects of Hyrax auxiliary orthodontic appliances containing silver-soldered joints. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Bock JJ, Bailly J, Fuhrmann RA. Effects of different brazing and welding methods on the fracture load of various orthodontic joining configurations. J Orthod 2014; 36:78-84. [PMID: 19487737 DOI: 10.1179/14653120722986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens J Bock
- Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Erdogan AT, Nalbantgil D, Ulkur F, Sahin F. Metal ion release from silver soldering and laser welding caused by different types of mouthwash. Angle Orthod 2014; 85:665-72. [PMID: 25191838 DOI: 10.2319/050914-335.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To compare metal ion release from samples welded with silver soldering and laser welding when immersed into mouthwashes with different ingredients.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 72 samples were prepared: 36 laser welded and 36 silver soldered. Four samples were chosen from each subgroup to study the morphologic changes on their surfaces via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each group was further divided into four groups where the samples were submerged into mouthwash containing sodium fluoride (NaF), mouthwash containing sodium fluoride + alcohol (NaF + alcohol), mouthwash containing chlorhexidine (CHX), or artificial saliva (AS) for 24 hours and removed thereafter. Subsequently, the metal ion release from the samples was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal ion release among the solutions and the welding methods were compared. The Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the group comparisons, and post hoc Dunn multiple comparison test was utilized for the two group comparisons.
Results:
The level of metal ion release from samples of silver soldering was higher than from samples of laser welding. Furthermore, greater amounts of nickel, chrome, and iron were released from silver soldering. With regard to the mouthwash solutions, the lowest amounts of metal ions were released in CHX, and the highest amounts of metal ions were released in NaF + alcohol. SEM images were in accord with these findings.
Conclusions:
The laser welding should be preferred over silver soldering. CHX can be recommended for patients who have welded appliances for orthodontic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tuygun Erdogan
- Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Nalbantgil
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Ulkur
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Professor, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey
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Atik E, Dursun CK, Akcan CA, El H, Tözüm TF, Ciğer S. The Comparison of Silver and Laser Soldering Techniques on Periodontal Tissues: A Preliminary Study. Turk J Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.13076/tjo-d-14-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gonçalves TS, Menezes LMD, Trindade C, Machado MDS, Thomas P, Fenech M, Henriques JAP. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands with or without silver soldered joints. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 762:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Differences of cytotoxicity of orthodontic bands assessed by survival tests in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:143283. [PMID: 24511527 PMCID: PMC3912777 DOI: 10.1155/2014/143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity induced by orthodontic bands through survival tests on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a microorganism that presents several genetic and biochemical characteristics similar to human cells. Three groups of bands were evaluated: silver soldered (SSB), laser soldered (LSB), and bands without any solder (WSB). Yeast cells were directly exposed to the bands and indirectly, when a previous elution of the metals in artificial saliva was performed. The negative control was composed of yeast cells or artificial saliva not exposed to any kind of metal. In the direct exposure experiments, all tested groups of bands induced a slight reduction in yeast viability compared to the control. This effect was more intense for the SSB, although not statistically significant. For the indirect exposure experiments, the SSB induced a statistically significant decrease in cell viability compared to the LSB. There were no significant differences between the survival rates of the negative control and the LSB group in both direct and saliva tests. SSBs were cytotoxic, whilst LSBs were not, confirming that laser soldering may be a more biocompatible alternative for use in connecting wires to orthodontic appliances.
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Cytotoxicity of orthodontic materials assessed by survival tests in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dent Mater 2011; 27:e81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bertrand C, Poulon-Quintin A. Proposals for optimization of laser welding in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthodont 2009; 19:69-76. [PMID: 19780906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2009.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper points out each key parameter involved in laser welding and discusses the parameters' effects on weld microstructure and defects detected inside the weld. Solutions are proposed to adjust the parameters to provide an optimal dental assembly. Metallurgical effects as well as defects are briefly discussed. A welding procedure adapted to different compositions of dental alloys is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertrand
- Department of Prosthodontics, TELEO, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France.
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Freitas MPM, Oshima HMS, Menezes LM, Machado DC, Viezzer C. Cytotoxicity of Silver Solder Employed in Orthodontics. Angle Orthod 2009; 79:939-44. [DOI: 10.2319/101108-530.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the silver soldering employed in orthodontics is not cytotoxic for fibroblasts.
Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was performed using a culture of mice fibroblasts (lineage NIH/3T3), divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control, negative control (stainless steel archwire), positive control (amalgam disks), and test group (silver soldering). After cell culture in complete Dulbecco modified eagle medium and achievement of confluence in 80%, the suspension was added to the plates of 24 wells containing the specimens and incubated in an oven at 37°C for 24 hours. The plates were analyzed on an inverted light microscope, photomicrographs were obtained, and the results were recorded as response rates based on modifications of the parameters of Stanford according to the size of the diffusion halo of the toxic substance and quantity of cell lysis.
Results: The results revealed a maximum response rate for the silver soldering group, as well as severe inhibition of cell proliferation and growth, more round cells with mostly darkened and granular aspects, suggesting lysis with cell death. A similar response was seen in the positive control group.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. The silver soldering used in orthodontics represents a highly cytotoxic material for the cells analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perpétua Mota Freitas
- a Professor, Department of Orthodontics, The Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hugo Mitsuo S. Oshima
- b Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials Engineering, The Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. Menezes
- c Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, The Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Machado
- d Professor and Chair, Department of Immunology, The Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Christian Viezzer
- e Graduate student, Department of Immunology, The Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
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Bock JJ, Bailly J, Gernhardt CR, Fuhrmann RAW. Fracture strength of different soldered and welded orthodontic joining configurations with and without filling material. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:328-35. [PMID: 19089229 PMCID: PMC4327598 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical strength of different joints made by conventional brazing, TIG and laser welding with and without filling material. Five standardized joining configurations of orthodontic wire in spring hard quality were used: round, cross, 3 mm length, 9 mm length and 7 mm to orthodontic band. The joints were made by five different methods: brazing, tungsten inert gas (TIG) and laser welding with and without filling material. For the original orthodontic wire and for each kind of joint configuration or connecting method 10 specimens were carefully produced, totalizing 240. The fracture strengths were measured with a universal testing machine (Zwick 005). Data were analyzed by ANOVA (p=0.05) and Bonferroni post hoc test (p=0.05). In all cases, brazing joints were ruptured on a low level of fracture strength (186-407 N). Significant differences between brazing and TIG or laser welding (p<0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test) were found in each joint configuration. The highest fracture strength means were observed for laser welding with filling material and 3 mm joint length (998 N). Using filling materials, there was a clear tendency to higher mean values of fracture strength in TIG and laser welding. However, statistically significant differences were found only in the 9-mm long joints (p<0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test). In conclusion, the fracture strength of welded joints was positively influenced by the additional use of filling material. TIG welding was comparable to laser welding except for the impossibility of joining orthodontic wire with orthodontic band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Johannes Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Wittenberg, Germany
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Bock JJ, Fraenzel W, Bailly J, Gernhardt CR, Fuhrmann RAW. Influence of different brazing and welding methods on tensile strength and microhardness of orthodontic stainless steel wire. Eur J Orthod 2008; 30:396-400. [PMID: 18617503 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjn022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Johannes Bock
- Department of Orthodontics, University School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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