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Saito M, Makino Y, Inoue K, Watanabe Y, Hoshi O, Kubota T. Anti-DNA antibodies cross-reactive with β 2-glycoprotein I induce monocyte tissue factor through the TLR9 pathway. Immunol Med 2020; 44:124-135. [PMID: 32701417 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1796285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for cardiolipin (CL)-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are known to induce tissue factor (TF) expression by monocytes and endothelial cells which leads to a prothrombotic state in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Previously, we reported that the mouse monoclonal anti-CL-β2GPI antibody WB-6 cross-reacts with DNA, enters monocytes via binding to cell surface DNA, and induces TF expression. The current study aimed to identify the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this process. The binding of WB-6 to CL-β2GPI or DNA, and endocytosis was not prevented by chloroquine, but pre-treatment of the cells with chloroquine significantly suppressed TF expression. TLR9 inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide also suppressed the WB-6-induced TF expression, suggesting a pivotal role of the TLR9 pathway in TF production. Serum antibodies obtained from a patient with APS accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bound to both CL-β2GPI and DNA, and induced TF in normal monocytes. This effect was suppressed by chloroquine, and abolished by removal of the DNA-binding activity. These results suggest that induction of TF expression results from TLR9 activation by DNA which was internalized together with cross-reactive antibodies produced in secondary APS accompanying SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Saito
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Clinical Research, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Makino
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Inoue
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshino Watanabe
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hoshi
- Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Virachith S, Saito M, Watanabe Y, Inoue K, Hoshi O, Kubota T. Anti-β 2 -glycoprotein I antibody with DNA binding activity enters living monocytes via cell surface DNA and induces tissue factor expression. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:167-178. [PMID: 30368780 PMCID: PMC6330651 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies characteristic for anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies and anti‐DNA antibodies, respectively, and almost half of APS cases occur in SLE. Anti‐β2GPI antibodies are recognized to play a pivotal role in inducing a prothrombotic state, but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In a widely accepted view, binding of anti‐β2GPI antibodies to cell surface β2GPI in monocytes and endothelial cells triggers the Toll‐like receptor 4‐myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLR)‐4‐MyD88) signaling pathway which leads to activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (MEK‐1/ERK) and/or nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and expression of tissue factor (TF). However, resting cells do not express substantial amounts of TLR‐4. Previously, we generated a mouse monoclonal anti‐β2GPI antibody WB‐6 and showed that it induced a prothrombotic state – including TF expression on circulating monocytes – in normal mice. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of interaction between WB‐6 and resting monocytes, and found that WB‐6 exhibits binding activity to DNA and enters living monocytes or a monocytic cell line and, to a lesser extent, vascular endothelial cells. Treatment of the cells with DNase I reduced the internalization, suggesting the involvement of cell surface DNA in this phenomenon. Monocytes harboring internalized WB‐6 expressed TF and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α which, in turn, stimulated endothelial cells to express intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐I) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐I). These results suggest the possibility that a subset of anti‐β2GPI antibodies with dual reactivity to DNA possesses ability to stimulate DNA sensors in the cytoplasm, in addition to the cell surface receptor‐mediated pathways, leading to produce proinflammatory and prothrombotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Virachith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Hoshi
- Department of Anatomical and Physiological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Maity A, Macaubas C, Mellins E, Astakhova K. Synthesis of Phospholipid-Protein Conjugates as New Antigens for Autoimmune Antibodies. Molecules 2015; 20:10253-63. [PMID: 26046322 PMCID: PMC6272759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, or CuAAC click chemistry, is an efficient method for bioconjugation aiming at chemical and biological applications. Herein, we demonstrate how the CuAAC method can provide novel phospholipid-protein conjugates with a high potential for the diagnostics and therapy of autoimmune conditions. In doing this, we, for the first time, covalently bind via 1,2,3-triazole linker biologically complementary molecules, namely phosphoethanol amine with human β2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin. The resulting phospholipid-protein conjugates show high binding affinity and specificity for the autoimmune antibodies against autoimmune complexes. Thus, the development of this work might become a milestone in further diagnostics and therapy of autoimmune diseases that involve the production of autoantibodies against the aforementioned phospholipids and proteins, such as antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Maity
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark.
- Dr. B C Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212, India.
| | - Claudia Macaubas
- Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Pediatric Rheumatology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, MC 5164, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Mellins
- Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Pediatric Rheumatology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, MC 5164, USA.
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark.
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Messmer BT, Albesiano E, Efremov DG, Ghiotto F, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Foa R, Damle RN, Fais F, Messmer D, Rai KR, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Multiple distinct sets of stereotyped antigen receptors indicate a role for antigen in promoting chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:519-25. [PMID: 15314077 PMCID: PMC2211936 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the diversity of the expressed variable (V) region repertoire of the immunoglobulin (Ig)H chain of B-CLL cells is restricted. Although limited examples of marked constraint in the primary structure of the H and L chain V regions exist, the possibility that this level of restriction is a general principle in this disease has not been accepted. This report describes five sets of patients, mostly with unmutated or minimally mutated IgV genes, with strikingly similar B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) arising from the use of common H and L chain V region gene segments that share CDR3 structural features such as length, amino acid composition, and unique amino acid residues at recombination junctions. Thus, a much more striking degree of structural restriction of the entire BCR and a much higher frequency of receptor sharing exists among patients than appreciated previously. The data imply that either a significant fraction of B-CLL cells was selected by a limited set of antigenic epitopes at some point in their development and/or that they derive from a distinct B cell subpopulation with limited Ig V region diversity. These shared, stereotyped Ig molecules may be valuable probes for antigen identification and important targets for cross-reactive idiotypic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Messmer
- North Shore-LIJ Research Institute, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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