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Orlandi V, Dondero L, Turrini F, De Negri Atanasio G, Grasso F, Grasselli E, Boggia R. Green Extraction and Preliminary Biological Activity of Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptides (HCPs) Obtained from Whole Undersized Unwanted Catches ( Mugil cephalus L.). Molecules 2023; 28:7637. [PMID: 38005359 PMCID: PMC10673473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the global increase in fish consumption, the growing side-streams coming from the fish supply chain (e.g., skin, fins, tail, heads…), also including undersized or "unwanted catches", have been recently proposed as source of high-value bioactive compounds (e.g., peptides and fatty acids). In this case study, hydrolyzed collagen peptides (HCPs) were extracted from different parts of Mugil cephalus L. using environmentally friendly techniques such as ultrasounds and enzymatic treatments. Both a mixed biomass derived from the skin, fins, and tail, and a whole fish, were considered as starting biomass, simulating the unsorted processing side-streams and an undersized/unwanted catch, respectively. The extracted HCPs were purified in fractions (<3 KDa and >3 KDa) whose yields (about 5% and 0.04-0.3%, respectively) demonstrated the efficiency of the hydrolysis process. The extraction protocol proposed allowed us to also isolate the intermediate products, namely the lipids (about 8-10%) and the non-collagenous proteins (NCs, 16-23%), whose exploitation could be considered. Each sample was characterized using Sircol, UltraViolet-Spectra, and hydroxyproline assay, and the viability of their collagen fractions was tested on human endothelial cells. Significant effects were obtained at a fraction of <3 KDa, in particular at a concentration of 0.13 µg/mL. The T-scratch test was also performed, with positive results in all fractions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Dondero
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.D.); (G.D.N.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.)
- National Center for the Development of New Technologies in Agriculture (Agritech), 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia De Negri Atanasio
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.D.); (G.D.N.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Federica Grasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.D.); (G.D.N.A.); (E.G.)
- National Center for the Development of New Technologies in Agriculture (Agritech), 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3R Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Hatori M, Moriya S, Fujimori M, Kobayashi S, Ikota H, Shirabe K, Yokoo H, Kimura K, Saio M. Phosphomolybdic Acid Prevents Nonspecific Nuclear Staining by Picrosirius Red but Is Converted to Molybdenum Blue by Blue Light. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:621-634. [PMID: 32674674 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420942620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Picrosirius red (PSR) staining is generally used to evaluate liver fibrosis; however, PSR sometimes causes nonspecific nuclear staining. In this study, we evaluated the ability of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) pretreatment to prevent nonspecific nuclear staining by PSR. In a manual evaluation of 27 non-tumor samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, nonspecific nuclear staining was observed in 3.7% of PMA-treated specimens, compared with 85.2% of untreated specimens. Conversely, computer-assisted image analysis (CAIA) identified nonspecific nuclear staining in 0% of PMA-treated samples, vs 44.4% of untreated samples. Surprisingly, after mounting, PMA-treated specimens exhibited a blue tinge because of molybdenum blue (MB) production following sunlight exposure or virtual slide scanning. Using UV cut film, MB production induced by sunlight exposure was prevented; however, the film did not prevent MB production during virtual slide scanning. Moreover, only blue light-emitting diode exposure resulted in a blue tinge in PMA solution. Our data indicated that PMA pretreatment is effective for evaluating liver fibrosis using CAIA. Meanwhile, improvements in virtual slide scanning protocols would directly improve the quality of PMA-pretreated specimens subjected to CAIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Hatori
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shunichi Moriya
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Misa Fujimori
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Clinical Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kiminori Kimura
- Department of Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Saio
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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Essential modification of the Sircol Collagen Assay for the accurate quantification of collagen content in complex protein solutions. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3146-51. [PMID: 20144751 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen contains the unique imino acid hydroxyproline (HyPro), which is involved in the stabilization of this triple helical molecule. The concentration of HyPro is customarily used to calculate the total collagen content in a cell culture environment and in acid hydrolysates of normal and pathophysiological tissues. Radiolabelling, chromatographic and calorimetric assays have been developed over the years for the accurate determination of collagen content through HyPro estimation. Recently, the Sircol Collagen Assay (SCA) has been almost exclusively adopted as the fastest and simplest colorimetric method for the determination of collagen concentration in complex protein solutions. We show here that the colorimetric SCA, which is based on the binding of Sirius red (SR) to collagen, is flawed by interference of non-collagenous proteins (e.g. serum). In fact, we demonstrate that SCA in cell culture systems and tissue hydrolysates results in a dramatic overestimation of collagen content ranging from 3- to 24-fold. In order to rescue this otherwise very practical assay, we introduce a simple purification procedure that allows the removal of interfering non-collagenous proteins from culture media and tissue samples so that accurate measurements with SCA are now possible.
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Engelmayr GC, Sacks MS. Prediction of extracellular matrix stiffness in engineered heart valve tissues based on nonwoven scaffolds. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2007; 7:309-21. [PMID: 17713801 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-007-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro development of tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) exhibiting appropriate structural and mechanical characteristics remains a significant challenge. An important step yet to be addressed is establishing the relationship between scaffold and extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties. In the present study, a composite beam model accounting for nonwoven scaffold-ECM coupling and the transmural collagen concentration distribution was developed, and utilized to retrospectively estimate the ECM effective stiffness in TEHV specimens incubated under static and cyclic flexure conditions (Engelmayr Jr et~al. in Biomaterials 26(2):175-187 2005). The ECM effective stiffness was expressed as the product of the local collagen concentration and the collagen specific stiffness (i.e., stiffness/concentration), and was related to the overall TEHV effective stiffness via an empirically determined scaffold-ECM coupling parameter and measured transmural collagen concentration distributions. The scaffold-ECM coupling parameter was determined by flexural mechanical testing of polyacrylamide gels (i.e., ECM analogs) of variable stiffness and associated scaffold-polyacrylamide gel composites (i.e., engineered tissue analogs). The transmural collagen concentration distributions were quantified from fluorescence micrographs of picro-sirius red stained TEHV sections. As suggested by a previous structural model of the nonwoven scaffold (Engelmayr Jr and Sacks in J Biomech Eng 128(4):610-622, 2006), nonwoven scaffold-ECM composites did not follow a traditional rule of mixtures. The present study provided further evidence that the primary mode of reinforcement in nonwoven scaffold-ECM composites is an increase in the number fiber-fiber bonds with a concomitant increase in the effective stiffness of the spring-like fiber segments. Simulations of potential ECM deposition scenarios using the current model indicated that the present approach is sensitive to the specific time course of tissue deposition, and is thus very suitable for studies of ECM formation in engineered heart valve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Engelmayr
- Engineered Tissue Mechanics Laboratory (ETML), Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Zarzycki P, Bartoszuk M, Radziwon A. Optimization of TLC detection by phosphomolybdic acid staining for robust quantification of cholesterol and bile acids. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.19.2006.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Baschong W, Suetterlin R, Laeng RH. Control of autofluorescence of archival formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:1565-72. [PMID: 11724904 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104901210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers the advantage of quasi-theoretical resolution due to absence of interference with out-of-focus light. Prerequisites include minimal tissue autofluorescence, either intrinsic or induced by fixation and tissue processing, and minimal background fluorescence due to nonspecific binding of the fluorescent label. To eliminate or reduce autofluorescence, three different reagents, ammonia-ethanol, sodium borohydride, and Sudan Black B were tested on paraffin sections of archival formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Paraffin sections of biopsy specimens of human bone marrow, myocardium, and of bovine cartilage were compared by CLSM at 488-nm, 568-nm and 647-nm wavelengths with bone marrow frozen sections fixed either with formaldehyde or with glutaraldehyde. Autofluorescence of untreated sections related to both the specific type of tissue and to the tissue processing technique, including fixation. The reagents' effects also depended on the type of tissue and technique of tissue processing, including fixation, and so did the efficiency of the reagents tested. Therefore, no general recipe for the control of autofluorescence could be delineated. Ammonia-ethanol proved most efficient in archival bone marrow sections. Sudan Black B performed best on myocardium, and the combination of all three reagents proved most efficient on paraffin sections of cartilage and on frozen sections fixed in formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. Sodium borohydride was required for the reduction of unwanted fluorescence in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. In formaldehyde-fixed tissue, however, sodium borohydride induced brilliant autofluorescence in erythrocytes that otherwise remained inconspicuous. Ammonia-ethanol is believed to reduce autofluorescence by improving the extraction of fluorescent molecules and by inactivating pH-sensitive fluorochromes. The efficiency of borohydride is related to its capacity of reducing aldehyde and keto-groups, thus changing the fluorescence of tissue constituents and especially of glutaraldehyde-derived condensates. Sudan Black B is suggested to mask fluorescent tissue components.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baschong
- M. E. Muller Institute at the Biozentrum, Aarau, Switzerland.
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Brotchie D, Roberts N, Birch M, Hogg P, Howard CV, Grierson I. Characterization of ocular cellular and extracellular structures using confocal microscopy and computerized three-dimensional reconstruction. Methods Enzymol 1999; 307:496-513. [PMID: 10506991 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)07030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Brotchie
- Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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