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Turgu B, El‐Naggar A, Kogler M, Tortola L, Zhang H, Hassan M, Lizardo MM, Kung SHY, Lam W, Penninger JM, Sorensen PH. The HACE1 E3 ligase mediates RAC1-dependent control of mTOR signaling complexes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56815. [PMID: 37846480 PMCID: PMC10702814 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HACE1 is a HECT family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase with broad but incompletely understood tumor suppressor activity. Here, we report a previously unrecognized link between HACE1 and signaling complexes containing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). HACE1 blocks mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities by reducing mTOR stability in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. Mechanistically, HACE1 binds to and ubiquitylates Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) when RAC1 is associated with mTOR complexes, including at focal adhesions, leading to proteasomal degradation of RAC1. This in turn decreases the stability of mTOR to reduce mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity. HACE1 deficient cells show enhanced mTORC1/2 activity, which is reversed by chemical or genetic RAC1 inactivation but not in cells expressing the HACE1-insensitive mutant, RAC1K147R . In vivo, Rac1 deletion reverses enhanced mTOR expression in KRasG12D -driven lung tumors of Hace1-/- mice. HACE1 co-localizes with mTOR and RAC1, resulting in RAC1-dependent loss of mTOR protein stability. Together, our data demonstrate that HACE1 destabilizes mTOR by targeting RAC1 within mTOR-associated complexes, revealing a unique ubiquitin-dependent process to control the activity of mTOR signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Turgu
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Amal El‐Naggar
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineMenoufia UniversityShibin El KomEgypt
| | - Melanie Kogler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hai‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael M Lizardo
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sonia HY Kung
- Department of Urological Sciences, Vancouver Prostate CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Wan Lam
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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2
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HACE1 blocks HIF1α accumulation under hypoxia in a RAC1 dependent manner. Oncogene 2021; 40:1988-2001. [PMID: 33603169 PMCID: PMC7979542 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms that underpin how tumor cells adapt to microenvironmental stress is essential to better understand cancer progression. The HACE1 (HECT domain and ankyrin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase) gene is a tumor suppressor that inhibits the growth, invasive capacity, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the direct regulatory pathways whereby HACE1 confers this tumor-suppressive effect remain to be fully elucidated. In this report, we establish a link between HACE1 and the major stress factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). We find that HACE1 blocks the accumulation of HIF1α during cellular hypoxia through decreased protein stability. This property is dependent on HACE1 E3 ligase activity and loss of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), an established target of HACE1 mediated ubiquitinylation and degradation. In vivo, genetic deletion of Rac1 reversed the increased HIF1α expression observed in Hace1-/- mice in murine KRasG12D-driven lung tumors. An inverse relationship was observed between HACE1 and HIF1α levels in tumors compared to patient-matched normal kidney tissues, highlighting the potential pathophysiological significance of our findings. Together, our data uncover a previously unrecognized function for the HACE1 tumor suppressor in blocking HIF1α accumulation under hypoxia in a RAC1-dependent manner.
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Ugarteburu O, Sánchez-Vilés M, Ramos J, Barcos-Rodríguez T, Garrabou G, García-Villoria J, Ribes A, Tort F. Physiopathological Bases of the Disease Caused by HACE1 Mutations: Alterations in Autophagy, Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040913. [PMID: 32225089 PMCID: PMC7231286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive HACE1 mutations are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM: 616756). However, the physiopathologycal bases of the disease are yet to be completely clarified. Whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous HACE1 mutations (c.240C>A, p.Cys80Ter) in a patient with brain atrophy, psychomotor retardation and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. To elucidate the pathomechanisms underlying HACE1 deficiency, a comprehensive molecular analysis was performed in patient fibroblasts. Western Blot demonstrated the deleterious effect of the mutation, as the complete absence of HACE1 protein was observed. Immunofluorescence studies showed an increased number of LC3 puncta together with the normal initiation of the autophagic cascade, indicating a reduction in the autophagic flux. Oxidative stress response was also impaired in HACE1 fibroblasts, as shown by the reduced NQO1 and Hmox1 mRNA levels observed in H2O2-treated cells. High levels of lipid peroxidation, consistent with accumulated oxidative damage, were also detected. Although the patient phenotype could resemble a mitochondrial defect, the analysis of the mitochondrial function showed no major abnormalities. However, an important increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress markers and a strong reduction in the mitophagic flux were observed, suggesting that the recycling of damaged mitochondria might be targeted in HACE1 cells. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that the impairment of autophagy, mitophagy and oxidative damage response might be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Ugarteburu
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Vilés
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramos
- Hospital of Torrecardenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain
| | - Tamara Barcos-Rodríguez
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tort
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
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Wang KS, Liu Y, Gong S, Xu C, Xie X, Wang L, Luo X. Bayesian Cox Proportional Hazards Model in Survival Analysis of HACE1 Gene with Age at Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3. [PMID: 29430571 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5831/1510014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. The HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) gene is expressed in human brain and may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Till now, no previous study has reported the association of the HACE1 gene with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of AD; while few studies have checked the proportional hazards assumption in the survival analysis of AAO of AD using Cox proportional hazards model. In this study, we examined the associations of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HACE1 gene with the risk and the AAO of AD using 791 AD patients and 782 controls. Multiple logistic regression model identified one SNP (rs9499937 with p = 1.8×10-3) to be associated with the risk of AD. For survival analysis of AAO, both classic Cox regression model and Bayesian survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model were applied to examine the association of each SNP with the AAO. The hazards ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Survival analysis using the classic Cox regression model showed that 4 SNPs were significantly associated with the AAO (top SNP rs9499937 with HR=1.33, 95%CI=1.13-1.57, p=5.0×10-4). Bayesian Cox regression model showed similar but a slightly stronger associations (top SNP rs9499937 with HR=1.34, 95%CI=1.11-1.55) compared with the classic Cox regression model. Using an independent family-based sample, one SNP rs9486018 was associated with the risk of AD (p=0.0323) and the T-T-G haplotype from rs9786015, rs9486018 and rs4079063 showed associations with both the risk and AAO of AD (p=2.27×10-3 and 0.0487, respectively). The findings of this study provide first evidence that several genetic variants in the HACE1 gene were associated with the risk and AAO of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Shaoqing Gong
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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A novel loss-of-function mutation in HACE1 is linked to a genetic disorder in a patient from India. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:17061. [PMID: 29423242 PMCID: PMC5803204 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of congenital disorders are very rare and localized to rural areas in India, a country that practices both endogamy and consanguinity. Recent advances in genomics can aid in the identification of causative genomic elements when exploring therapeutic interventions and developing neonatal screening to assign novel functions. Here, we report a novel loss-of-function mutation (p.Trp370*) in the HACE1 gene that is associated with a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder in a boy from a remote village in southern India.
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Translocation (6;15)(q12;q15): A Novel Mutation in a Patient with Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Case Rep Hematol 2016; 2015:318545. [PMID: 26798525 PMCID: PMC4698528 DOI: 10.1155/2015/318545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) present with loss or gain of chromosomal material and less commonly show translocations as a sole abnormality. In addition, certain translocations are more commonly seen in MDS than others, but to our knowledge, the presence of t(6;15) has not been reported in MDS, specifically therapy-related MDS (t-MDS) cases. Patients with t-MDS, a group of heterogeneous stem cell related disorders resulting as a latent complication of cytotoxic and/or radiation therapy, generally tend to have a poorer prognosis than de novo MDS. We present a unique case of a patient who initially presented with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a normal karyotype and FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations. The patient was successfully treated with chemotherapy and an autologous bone marrow transplant but subsequently developed a new FLT3-ITD negative t-MDS with a unique translocation, t(6;15)(q12;q15), three years after transplant. To our knowledge, this unique sole translocation has never been reported in MDS or t-MDS and given her successful response to treatment and remission, presence of this translocation may have some prognostic value.
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Viswanathan SR, Powers JT, Einhorn W, Hoshida Y, Ng TL, Toffanin S, O'Sullivan M, Lu J, Phillips LA, Lockhart VL, Shah SP, Tanwar PS, Mermel CH, Beroukhim R, Azam M, Teixeira J, Meyerson M, Hughes TP, Llovet JM, Radich J, Mullighan CG, Golub TR, Sorensen PH, Daley GQ. Lin28 promotes transformation and is associated with advanced human malignancies. Nat Genet 2009; 41:843-8. [PMID: 19483683 PMCID: PMC2757943 DOI: 10.1038/ng.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple members of the let-7 family of miRNAs are often repressed in human cancers1,2, thereby promoting oncogenesis by de-repressing the targets K-Ras, c-Myc, and HMGA2 3,4. However, the mechanism by which let-7 miRNAs are coordinately repressed is unclear. The RNA-binding proteins Lin28 and Lin28B block let-7 precursors from being processed to mature miRNAs5–8, suggesting that over-expression of Lin28/Lin28B might promote malignancy via repression of let-7. Here we show that LIN28 and LIN28B are over-expressed in primary human tumors and human cancer cell lines (overall frequency ∼15%), and that over-expression is linked to repression of let-7 family miRNAs and de-repression of let-7 targets. Lin28/Lin28B facilitate cellular transformation in vitro, and over-expression is associated with advanced disease across multiple tumor types. Our work provides a mechanism for the coordinate repression of let-7 miRNAs observed in a subset of human cancers, and associates activation of LIN28/LIN28B with poor clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Viswanathan
- Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang L, Anglesio MS, O'Sullivan M, Zhang F, Yang G, Sarao R, Mai PN, Cronin S, Hara H, Melnyk N, Li L, Wada T, Liu PP, Farrar J, Arceci RJ, Sorensen PH, Penninger JM. The E3 ligase HACE1 is a critical chromosome 6q21 tumor suppressor involved in multiple cancers. Nat Med 2007; 13:1060-9. [PMID: 17694067 DOI: 10.1038/nm1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transformation and cancer growth are regulated by the coordinate actions of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Here, we show that the novel E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is frequently downregulated in human tumors and maps to a region of chromosome 6q21 implicated in multiple human cancers. Genetic inactivation of HACE1 in mice results in the development of spontaneous, late-onset cancer. A second hit from either environmental triggers or genetic heterozygosity of another tumor suppressor, p53, markedly increased tumor incidence in a Hace1-deficient background. Re-expression of HACE1 in human tumor cells directly abrogates in vitro and in vivo tumor growth, whereas downregulation of HACE1 via siRNA allows non-tumorigenic human cells to form tumors in vivo. Mechanistically, the tumor-suppressor function of HACE1 is dependent on its E3 ligase activity and HACE1 controls adhesion-dependent growth and cell cycle progression during cell stress through degradation of cyclin D1. Thus, HACE1 is a candidate chromosome 6q21 tumor-suppressor gene involved in multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohrgasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Dolan M, Mascotti K. Cytogenetically unrelated clones in different histologic components of a Wilms tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 159:63-8. [PMID: 15860360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is a triphasic malignant neoplasm comprised of variable proportions of epithelial, blastemal, and mesenchymal (stromal) elements. Cytogenetic analysis of these tumors has revealed a number of recurring abnormalities, including hyperdiploidy and structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, 11, and 16. We describe a WT in which apparently unrelated cytogenetic clones were detected at diagnosis, when the predominant histologic component was blastema, and after therapy, when the tumor was composed primarily of stroma. At diagnosis, a pseudodiploid karyotype was present, characterized by an X;14 insertion with concurrent deletion of 14q. In contrast, the post-therapy specimen had a hyperdiploid karyotype with a constellation of gains typical for WT. The presence of clonal abnormalities in both the blastemal and mesenchymal components of a WT supports the hypothesis that the stromal component is neoplastic, rather than reactive. The clonal abnormalities seen in different histologic components of the same WT are typically related or identical. The finding in this case of apparently unrelated clones is unusual. Possible etiologies for this biclonality, and clinical implications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Anglesio MS, Evdokimova V, Melnyk N, Zhang L, Fernandez CV, Grundy PE, Leach S, Marra MA, Brooks-Wilson AR, Penninger J, Sorensen PHB. Differential expression of a novel ankyrin containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, Hace1, in sporadic Wilms' tumor versus normal kidney. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13:2061-74. [PMID: 15254018 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the chromosome 6q21 breakpoint of a non-constitutional t(6;15)(q21;q21) rearrangement in sporadic Wilms' tumor. This identified a novel gene encoding a protein with six N-terminal ankyrin repeats linked to a C-terminal HECT ubiquitin-protein ligase domain. We therefore designated this gene HACE1 (HECT domain and Ankyrin repeat Containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1). HACE1 is widely expressed in human tissues, including mature and fetal kidney. We show that Hace1 protein possesses intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity, utilizes UbcH7 as a candidate partner E2 enzyme and localizes predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the HACE1 locus was not directly interrupted by the translocation in the index Wilms' case, its expression was markedly lower in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal kidney. Moreover, HACE1 expression was virtually undetectable in the SK-NEP-1 Wilms' tumor cell line and in four of five additional primary Wilms' tumor cases compared with patient-matched normal kidney. We found no evidence of HACE1 mutations or deletions, but hypermethylation of two upstream CpG islands correlates with low HACE1 expression in tumor samples. Our findings implicate Hace1 as a novel ubiquitin-protein ligase and demonstrate that its expression is very low in primary Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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