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Gao M, Pang H, Kim YM, Lu X, Wang X, Lee J, Wang M, Meng F, Li S. An extra chromosome 9 derived from either a normal chromosome 9 or a derivative chromosome 9 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia positive for t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3): A case report. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6725-6731. [PMID: 31807181 PMCID: PMC6876330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation (9;11)(p21.3;q23.3) is one of the most common lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A)-rearrangements in de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the KMT2A/MLLT3 super elongation complex subunit (MLLT3) fusion gene on the derivative chromosome 11 serves a crucial role in leukemogenesis. Trisomy 9 as a secondary chromosome change in patients with t(9;11) is relatively rare. The present study reported a unique case of AML with a chromosome 9 trisomy secondary to t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3) through the cytogenetic analysis of leukemic blood and bone marrow. Further characterization with fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed that this extra chromosome 9 was either a copy of normal chromosome 9 or a derivative chromosome 9. Conversely with the previously reported favorable outcome of AML patients with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3), in the present study, the cells with only translocation persisted, whereas the cells with an extra chromosome 9 disappeared following initial chemotherapy. With this unique case, the present study hypothesized that the extra chromosome 9 could serve a crucial role in AML disease progression and contribute to cellular sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
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Miremadi A, Oestergaard MZ, Pharoah PDP, Caldas C. Cancer genetics of epigenetic genes. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16 Spec No 1:R28-49. [PMID: 17613546 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer epigenome is characterised by specific DNA methylation and chromatin modification patterns. The proteins that mediate these changes are encoded by the epigenetics genes here defined as: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins, histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDAC), histone methyltransferases (HMT) and histone demethylases. We review the evidence that these genes can be targeted by mutations and expression changes in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Miremadi
- Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
In all organisms, cell proliferation is orchestrated by coordinated patterns of gene expression. Transcription results from the activity of the RNA polymerase machinery and depends on the ability of transcription activators and repressors to access chromatin at specific promoters. During the last decades, increasing evidence supports aberrant transcription regulation as contributing to the development of human cancers. In fact, transcription regulatory proteins are often identified in oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements and are overexpressed in a variety of malignancies. Most transcription regulators are large proteins, containing multiple structural and functional domains some with enzymatic activity. These activities modify the structure of the chromatin, occluding certain DNA regions and exposing others for interaction with the transcription machinery. Thus, chromatin modifiers represent an additional level of transcription regulation. In this review we focus on several families of transcription activators and repressors that catalyse histone post-translational modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation); and how these enzymatic activities might alter the correct cell proliferation program, leading to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Santos-Rosa
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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