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Cao S, Wu Y, Gao Z, Tang J, Xiong L, Hu J, Li C. Automated phenotyping of postoperative delirium-like behaviour in mice reveals the therapeutic efficacy of dexmedetomidine. Commun Biol 2023; 6:807. [PMID: 37532767 PMCID: PMC10397202 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complicated and harmful clinical syndrome. Traditional behaviour analysis mostly focuses on static parameters. However, animal behaviour is a bottom-up and hierarchical organizational structure composed of time-varying posture dynamics. Spontaneous and task-driven behaviours are used to conduct comprehensive profiling of behavioural data of various aspects of model animals. A machine-learning based method is used to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine. Fourteen statistically different spontaneous behaviours are used to distinguish the non-POD group from the POD group. In the task-driven behaviour, the non-POD group has greater deep versus shallow investigation preference, with no significant preference in the POD group. Hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes can be distinguished through pose evaluation. Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 25 μg kg-1 reduces the severity and incidence of POD. Here we propose a multi-scaled clustering analysis framework that includes pose, behaviour and action sequence evaluation. This may represent the hierarchical dynamics of delirium-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinxuan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, 200434, China.
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Tian X, Wang C, Yu B, Fan Y, Zhang L, Zhang X. 9.4 T static magnetic field ameliorates imatinib mesylate-induced toxicity and depression in mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:314-327. [PMID: 36166081 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been initially tested on healthy human volunteers, but its future application will benefit more from experiments with animal disease models. In the meantime, high static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been shown to improve mice mental health and have anti-tumor potentials. METHODS We compared the anti-tumor effects of 9.4 T SMF with or without a commonly used chemotherapy drug imatinib mesylate on BALB/c (Nu/Nu) mice bearing gastrointestinal stromal tumor GIST-T1 cells. The body weight, food/water consumption, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, tumor weight, HE and Ki67 stains were examined. Locomotor activity and cognitive functions were also measured by four behavior tests, including open field, elevated plus maze, three-chamber and tail suspension tests. RESULTS We found that the tumor growth was inhibited up to 62.88% when treated with 9.4 T SMF alone for 200 h. More importantly, 9.4 T SMF combined with 20 mg/kg imatinib mesylate can result in 92.75% tumor suppression, which is close to the anti-tumor effect of high dose (80 mg/kg) imatinib. However, 80 mg/kg imatinib caused severe side effects, including significantly reduced gain of body weight, abnormal liver function and depressive behaviors in mice. In contrast, 9.4 T SMF treatment significantly reduced these side effects, especially for the depressive behaviors. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that 9.4 T SMF not only has anti-tumor effects on its own, but also could improve the anti-tumor effect of imatinib mesylate, reduce its toxicity and improve the mice mental health, which unraveled the great clinical potentials of high SMF in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tian
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chentai Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yixiang Fan
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230021, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230021, Anhui, China.
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Karimi SA, Salehi I, Shykhi T, Zare S, Komaki A. Effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory, anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:630-638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Static magnetic field enhances the anticancer efficacy of capsaicin on HepG2 cells via capsaicin receptor TRPV1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191078. [PMID: 29338036 PMCID: PMC5770067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) has shown some possibilities for cancer therapies. In particular, the combinational effect between SMF and anti-cancer drugs has drawn scientists’ attentions in recent years. However, the underlying mechanism for the drug-specific synergistic effect is far from being understood. Besides, the drugs used are all conventional chemotherapy drugs, which may cause unpleasant side effects. In this study, our results demonstrate for the first time that SMF could enhance the anti-cancer effect of natural compound, capsaicin, on HepG2 cancer cells through the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. We found that the synergistic effect could be due to that SMF increased the binding efficiency of capsaicin for the TRPV1 channel. These findings may provide a support to develop an application of SMF for cancer therapy. The present study offers the first trial in combining SMF with natural compound on anti-cancer treatment, which provides additional insight into the interaction between SMF and anti-cancer drugs and opens the door for the development of new strategies in fighting cancer with minimum cytotoxicity and side effects.
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Jadidi M, Khatami MS, Mohammad-pour F, Bandavi A, Rashidy-pour A, Vafaei AA, Taherian AA, Miladi-Gorji H. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:618-625. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jadidi
- Research Center of Physiology and Department of Medical Physics; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Mahfouzeh Sadat Khatami
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad-pour
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Afsaneh Bandavi
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-pour
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Taherian
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Research Center and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Semnan Iran
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Zhou Y, Qiu LB, An GZ, Zhou JX, Du L, Ma YH, Guo GZ, Ding GR. Effects of electromagnetic pulse exposure on gelatinase of blood-brain barrier in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:1-7. [PMID: 27355558 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1140058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the brain have been focused on for years. It was reported that gelatinase played an important role in maintaining brain function through regulating permeability in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To investigate the effects of EMP on gelatinase of BBB, an in vitro BBB model was established using primary cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC), astrocytes and half-contact culture of these cells in a transwell chamber. Cultured supernatant and cells were collected at different time points after exposure to EMP (peak intensity 400 kV/m, rise time 10 ns, pulse width 350 ns, 0.5 pps and 200 pulses). Protein levels of cellular gelatinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, and endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were detected by Western blot. The activity of gelatinase in culture supernatant was detected by gelatin zymography. It was found that compared with the sham-exposed group, the protein level of MMP-2 was significantly increased at 6 h (p < 0.05), and the protein level of its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-2 did not change after EMP exposure. In addition, the protein levels of MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 did not change after EMP exposure. Gelatin zymography results showed that the activity of MMP-2 in the inner pool and the outer pool of the transwell chamber was significantly increased at 6 h after EMP exposure compared with that of the sham group. These results suggested that EMP exposure could affect the expression and activity of MMP-2 in the BBB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Lian-Bo Qiu
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China.,b Department of Nutrition , Aviation Medical Evaluation and Training Center of Airforce , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhou An
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhou
- c Centre of Nautical and Aviation Medicine PLA , Navy General Hospital , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Le Du
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hong Ma
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhen Guo
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Ding
- a Department of Radiation Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
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Paffi A, Camera F, Lucano E, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Time resolved dosimetry of human brain exposed to low frequency pulsed magnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:4452-65. [PMID: 27223143 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/12/4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An accurate dosimetry is a key issue to understanding brain stimulation and related interaction mechanisms with neuronal tissues at the basis of the increasing amount of literature revealing the effects on human brain induced by low-level, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs). Most literature on brain dosimetry estimates the maximum E field value reached inside the tissue without considering its time pattern or tissue dispersivity. Nevertheless a time-resolved dosimetry, accounting for dispersive tissues behavior, becomes necessary considering that the threshold for an effect onset may vary depending on the pulse waveform and that tissues may filter the applied stimulatory fields altering the predicted stimulatory waveform's size and shape. In this paper a time-resolved dosimetry has been applied on a realistic brain model exposed to the signal presented in Capone et al (2009 J. Neural Transm. 116 257-65), accounting for the broadband dispersivity of brain tissues up to several kHz, to accurately reconstruct electric field and current density waveforms inside different brain tissues. The results obtained by exposing the Duke's brain model to this PMF signal show that the E peak in the brain is considerably underestimated if a simple monochromatic dosimetry is carried out at the pulse repetition frequency of 75 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Petković B. Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:461-468. [PMID: 25346405 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short-term exposure of 3-month-old rats to ELF-MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long-term exposure of rats to ELF-MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF-MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF-MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Rauš Balind
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Petković
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lai J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Ruan G, Chaugai S, Chen C, Wang DW. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (100μT) on behaviors in rats. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:104-13. [PMID: 26593281 PMCID: PMC7127835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to ELF-EMF has no effect on the behavior of the adult male rats. Including anxiety/depression like behavior, and spatial/fear learning and memory. Exposure to ELF-EMF might be safe.
Recently, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have received considerable attentions for their potential pathogenicity. In the present study, we explored the effects of ELF-EMF on behaviors of adult male rats. Sixty adult male rats were randomly divided into two groups, the sham exposure group and the 50 Hz/100 μT ELF-EMF exposure group. During the 24 weeks exposure, body weight, as well as food and water intake were recorded. Results showed that food and water intake and the body weight of the rats were not affected by the exposure. After 24 weeks exposure, open field test and elevated plus maze were conducted to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior, the tail suspension test and forced swim test were conducted to evaluate depression-like behavior and Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to evaluate the cognitive and memory ability. Exposure to ELF-EMF did not induce any anxiety-like or depression-like behaviors compared with the sham exposure. Moreover, the cognitive and memory ability was not impaired by the ELF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, ELF-EMF exposure did not affect the morphology and histology of the brain. In conclusion, 24 weeks exposure to 50 Hz/100 μT ELF-EMF had no effect on the behaviors of the adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yemao Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoran Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandip Chaugai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Chung YH, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Chung SJ, Lim CH, Oh KW, Sohn UD, Park ES, Jeong JH. Extremely low frequency magnetic field modulates the level of neurotransmitters. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 19:15-20. [PMID: 25605992 PMCID: PMC4297757 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to observe that extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) may be relevant to changes of major neurotransmitters in rat brain. After the exposure to ELF-MF (60 Hz, 2.0 mT) for 2 or 5 days, we measured the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites, amino acid neurotransmitters and nitric oxide (NO) in the cortex, striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. The exposure of ELF-MF for 2 or 5 days produced significant differences in norepinephrine and vanillyl mandelic acid in the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. Significant increases in the levels of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were also observed in the striatum, thalamus or hippocampus. ELF-MF significantly increased the concentration of dopamine in the thalamus. ELF-MF tended to increase the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamine, glycine and γ -aminobutyric acid in the striatum and thalamus, whereas it decreased the levels in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. ELF-MF significantly increased NO concentration in the striatum, thalamus and hippocampus. The present study has demonstrated that exposure to ELF-MFs may evoke the changes in the levels of biogenic amines, amino acid and NO in the brain although the extent and property vary with the brain areas. However, the mechanisms remain further to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | | | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Eon Sub Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Summerson SR, Aazhang B, Kemere CT. Characterizing Motor and Cognitive Effects Associated With Deep Brain Stimulation in the GPi of Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2014; 22:1218-27. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2014.2330515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Autism-relevant social abnormalities in mice exposed perinatally to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 37:58-64. [PMID: 24970316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been rising, but the causes of ASD remain largely unidentified. Collective data have implicated the increased human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the increasing incidence of ASD. There are established biological effects of extremely low-frequency (ELF) EMF, but the relation to ASD is not investigated enough. In this study we examined the effects of perinatal exposure to ELF EMF on some ASD-relevant behavioral parameters in mice. The EMF was delivered via a Helmholtz coil pair. Male BALB/C mice were used and divided into exposed and control groups (n=8 and n=9, respectively). Tests were used to assess sociability, preference for social novelty, locomotion, anxiety, exploratory behavior, motor coordination, and olfaction. The examined mice were all males and exposed to EMF during the last week of gestation and for 7 days after delivery. The exposed mice demonstrated a lack of normal sociability and preference for social novelty while maintaining normal anxiety-like behavior, locomotion, motor coordination, and olfaction. Exposed mice also demonstrated decreased exploratory activity. We concluded that these results are supportive of the hypothesis of a causal link between exposure to ELF-EMF and ASD; however, replications of the study with further tests are recommended.
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Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Janać B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) reduces oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88921. [PMID: 24586442 PMCID: PMC3929496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic field as ecological factor has influence on all living beings. The aim of this study was to determine if extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days. Nitric oxide and superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase activity and index of lipid peroxidation were examined in the forebrain cortex, striatum and hippocampus on the 7th (immediate effect of ELF-MF) and 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF). Ischemia per se increased oxidative stress in the brain on the 7th and 14th day after reperfusion. ELF-MF also increased oxidative stress, but to a greater extent than ischemia, only immediately after cessation of exposure. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had increased oxidative stress parameters on the 7th day after reperfusion, but to a lesser extent than ischemic or ELF-MF-exposed animals. On the 14th day after reperfusion, oxidative stress parameters in the brain of these gerbils were mostly at the control levels. Applied ELF-MF decreases oxidative stress induced by global cerebral ischemia and thereby reduces possible negative consequences which free radical species could have in the brain. The results presented here indicate a beneficial effect of ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) in the model of global cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Rauš Balind
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vesna Selaković
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Radenović
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Prolić
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Janać
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kiss B, Gyires K, Kellermayer M, László JF. Lateral gradients significantly enhance static magnetic field-induced inhibition of pain responses in mice--a double blind experimental study. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:385-96. [PMID: 23737187 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated that exposure of mice to both inhomogeneous (3-477 mT) and homogeneous (145 mT) static magnetic fields (SMF) generated an analgesic effect toward visceral pain elicited by the intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid. In the present work, we investigated behavioral responses such as writhing, entry avoidance, and site preference with the help of a specially designed cage that partially protruded into either the homogeneous (ho) or inhomogeneous (inh) SMF. Aversive effects, cognitive recognition of analgesia, and social behavior governed mice in their free locomotion between SMF and sham sides. The inhibition of pain response (I) for the 0-5, 6-20, and 21-30 min periods following the challenge was calculated by the formula I = 100 (1 - x/y) in %, where x and y represent the number of writhings in the SMF and sham sides, respectively. In accordance with previous measurements, an analgesic effect was induced in exposed mice (Iho = 64%, P < 0.0002 and Iinh = 62%, P < 0.002). No significant difference was found in the site preference (SMFho, inh vs. sham) indicating that SMF is neither aversive nor favorable. Comparison of writhings observed in the sham versus SMF side of the cage revealed that SMF exposure resulted in significantly fewer writhings than sham (Iho = 64%, P < 0.004 and Iinh = 81%, P < 0.03). Deeper statistical analysis clarified that the lateral SMF gradient between SMF and sham sides could be responsible for most of the analgesic effect (Iho = 91%, P < 0.02 and Iinh = 54%, P < 0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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Janać B, Selaković V, Rauš S, Radenović L, Zrnić M, Prolić Z. Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:359-66. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.652725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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László JF, Szilvási J, Fényi A, Szalai A, Gyires K, Pórszász R. Daily exposure to inhomogeneous static magnetic field significantly reduces blood glucose level in diabetic mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:36-45. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.518200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Whissell PD, Persinger MA. Emerging synergisms between drugs and physiologically-patterned weak magnetic fields: implications for neuropharmacology and the human population in the twenty-first century. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 5:278-88. [PMID: 19305744 PMCID: PMC2644491 DOI: 10.2174/157015907782793603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergisms between pharmacological agents and endogenous neurotransmitters are familiar and frequent. The present review describes the experimental evidence for interactions between neuropharmacological compounds and the classes of weak magnetic fields that might be encountered in our daily environments. Whereas drugs mediate their effects through specific spatial (molecular) structures, magnetic fields mediate their effects through specific temporal patterns. Very weak (microT range) physiologically-patterned magnetic fields synergistically interact with drugs to strongly potentiate effects that have classically involved opiate, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and nitric oxide pathways. The combinations of the appropriately patterned magnetic fields and specific drugs can evoke changes that are several times larger than those evoked by the drugs alone. These novel synergisms provide a challenge for a future within an electromagnetic, technological world. They may also reveal fundamental, common physical mechanisms by which magnetic fields and chemical reactions affect the organism from the level of fundamental particles to the entire living system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Whissell
- Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Balassa T, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G. Effect of short-term 50 Hz electromagnetic field exposure on the behavior of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 96:437-48. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.96.2009.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antal M, László J. Exposure to inhomogeneous static magnetic field ceases mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:438-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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László J. Physiological effects of static magnetic fields. Orv Hetil 2009; 150:1267-73. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2009.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Az alábbiakban kísérletet teszek arra, hogy röviden számot adjak a sztatikus mágneses terek eddig bizonyított élettani hatásairól, kiemelve a hazai tapasztalatokat. E tudományterület fejlődésének jelentős lökést adott a nukleáris magrezonancia módszer elterjedése az orvosi diagnosztikában. Idehaza eddig elsősorban a kísérleti farmakológia, illetve neurológia eszköztárába tartozó kísérletek közül vezetett több pozitív eredményre. Ezek alapján a következő két megalapozott kijelentést tehetjük: 1. Létrehozható olyan sztatikus mágneses tér, amelynek állatkísérletben bizonyított, statisztikusan szignifikáns fiziológiás hatása van. 2. Ez a hatás biológiai, a mágneses tér a szervezet endogén rendszereit mozgósítja egy-egy patologikus folyamat leküzdésére. Választ elsősorban arra keresünk, hogy vajon fel tudjuk-e ezt a hatást használni terápiás célokra.
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Affiliation(s)
- János László
- 1 Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Matematikai Tudományok Osztálya Budapest Nádor u. 7. 1051
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Varró P, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G, Világi I. Changes in synaptic efficacy and seizure susceptibility in rat brain slices following extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:631-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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László J, Tímár J, Gyarmati Z, Fürst Z, Gyires K. Pain-inhibiting inhomogeneous static magnetic field fails to influence locomotor activity and anxiety behavior in mice: no interference between magnetic field- and morphine-treatment. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:316-21. [PMID: 19376205 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We wanted to demonstrate (i) in the writhing test in mice, whether there was a prolonged analgesic effect induced by an inhomogeneous static magnetic field (SMF) exposure; (ii) whether SMF had an effect on the analgesic effect induced by 0.5mg/kgs.c. administered morphine, on the behavioral patterns, and on the hyperlocomotion-inducing effect of morphine. DESIGN A magnetic exposure system developed by the present authors was used with peak-to-peak flux densities in the 2-754mT range. The writhing test was used for the assessment of pain. An elevated plus maze and a Conducta System was used for studying the anxiogenic or anxyolitic effect in mice, and the locomotor activity, respectively. OUTCOME MEASURES We looked for the difference in the number of writhings and in the behavioral patterns between treated (s.c. morphine and/or SMF exposure) and control animals, respectively. RESULTS (i) The antinociceptive effect could be identified 10-30min following SMF exposition in the writhing test in mice. (ii) SMF failed to affect the morphine-induced antinociception, the behavioral patterns in either type of tests, and the hyperlocomotion-inducing effect of morphine. CONCLUSIONS (i) The long-lasting antinociceptive effect of SMF allows experiments under conditions, when in situ application of the SMF-producing device would be technically difficult or impossible; or where it would disturb the experiments. (ii) The results of behavioral tests with freely moving mice in or in the vicinity of inhomogeneous SMFs are not affected by the SMF in the applied flux density range. (iii) Morphine in treated subjects is not interacting with the inhomogeneous SMFs in the applied flux density range.
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Affiliation(s)
- János László
- Section for Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor u. 7, Budapest 1051, Hungary.
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Gyires K, Zádori ZS, Rácz B, László J. Pharmacological analysis of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-induced antinociceptive action in the mouse. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:456-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. Anxiogenic effect of chronic exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field in adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 434:12-7. [PMID: 18258364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has suggested some relations between extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) and the emotional state of human beings and animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the anxiety level could be affected by repeated ELF MF exposure of different daily durations. Adult SD rats were submitted to no exposure, MF exposure 1h/day or 4h/day for 25 days. Anxiety-related behaviors were examined in the open field test (OFT), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and light/dark box on the 21th, 23th and 25th exposure day, respectively. Results demonstrated that MF exposure 4h/day increased the anxiety-like behaviors in rats in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test, without altering their locomotor activity, but had no effect in the light/dark box test. Moreover, MF exposure 1h/day had no effect in any test. These findings indicate that chronic ELF MF exposure has anxiogenic effect in rats, which is dependent on the daily exposure duration and it is more sensitive to void space than to strong light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, PR China
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László J, Reiczigel J, Székely L, Gasparics A, Bogár I, Bors L, Rácz B, Gyires K. Optimization of static magnetic field parameters improves analgesic effect in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 28:615-27. [PMID: 17654477 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the analgesic effect induced by static magnetic fields (SMF) in mice exposed to the field with their whole body. It discusses how the effect depends on the distribution of the magnetic field, that is, on the specification and arrangement of the applied individual permanent magnets. A critical analysis of different magnet arrangements is given. As a result the authors propose a magnet arrangement recipe that achieves an analgesic effect of over 80% in the writhing test. This is a widely accepted screening method for animal pain and predictor of human experimental results. As a non-drug, non-invasive, non-contact, non-pain, non-addictive method for analgesia with immediate and long-lasting effect based on the stimulus of the endogenous opioid network, the SMF treatment may attract the attention of medical doctors, nurses, magnet therapists, veterinarians, physiotherapists, masseurs, and fitness trainers among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- János László
- Section for Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Boscolo P, Di Gioacchino M, Di Giampaolo L, Antonucci A, Di Luzio S. Combined effects of electromagnetic fields on immune and nervous responses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:59-63. [PMID: 17903359 DOI: 10.1177/03946320070200s212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In technologically developed countries, there is concern about hazards from electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Several studies have reported that immune and neuroendocrine systems exert an integrated response to EMF exposure. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of studies on the effect of low and high frequency EMF on immune and neuroendocrine systems on which our research group has been working for several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boscolo
- Occupational Medicine,G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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28
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Fernandez MI, Watson PJ, Rowbotham DJ. Effect of pulsed magnetic field therapy on pain reported by human volunteers in a laboratory model of acute pain †. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:266-9. [PMID: 17519258 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMFT) is a non-invasive, simple technique used extensively for the treatment of muscle pain. However, evidence to support its use from well-designed, clinical, or experimental studies is sparse. METHODS We have utilized an acute pain model to perform a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover-study on 10 male (18-40 yr) volunteers. Pain was elicited by infusion of hypertonic saline 5% into the brachioradialis muscle of the non-dominant arm on two occasions, at least 1 week apart. Subjects received active or sham PMFT for 30 min in a randomized order delivered by two identical, commercially available machines (PulsePack 6000, Quantum Techniks). The active machine delivered a M-wave magnetic pulse (1.25 Hz, 3 ms width, 600 Gauss); the sham device was deactivated and delivered no magnetic energy. Pain was assessed at 15-s intervals, and area under the visual analogue score (VAS) pain curve (AUCp) was calculated using the trapezoid method. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean VAS pain scores between the two machines at any time. In addition, there were no significant differences with respect to mean (sem) maximum pain score [sham 60 (8), active 63 (9) mm; P = 0.66, 95% CI -18 to 12 mm] or AUCp [sham 463 (50), active 499 (90); P = 0.64, 95% CI -201 to 129]. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, using the electromagnetic characteristics of the machine in this study, the PMFT had no effect on pain in our experimental model. More work is required to provide an evidence base in support of the use of this technique for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernandez
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Sándor K, Helyes Z, Gyires K, Szolcsányi J, László J. Static magnetic field-induced anti-nociceptive effect and the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves in this mechanism. Life Sci 2007; 81:97-102. [PMID: 17568617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Data concerning the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on nociceptive processes are contradictory in the literature probably due to differences in species, characteristics of the magnetic fields, and duration of the exposure. The aim of the present series of experiments was to elucidate the action of acute full-body exposure of mice to a special SMF developed and validated by us on acute visceral and somatic chemonociception and inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia. SMF exposure significantly diminished the number of acetic acid- or MgSO4-induced abdominal contractions (acute visceral nociception), formalin-evoked paw lickings and liftings in both phase I (acute somatic nociception) and phase II (acute inflammatory nociception) and mechanical hyperalgesia evoked by i.pl. injection of carrageenan as well as the TRPV1 capsaicin receptor agonist resiniferatoxin. Selective inactivation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibres by high dose resiniferatoxin pretreatment decreased nocifensive behaviours in phase II of the formalin test to a similar extent suggesting that pro-inflammatory neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide released from these fibres are involved in this inflammatory reaction. Significant inhibitory effects of SMF on formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-evoked hyperalgesia were absent in resiniferatoxin-pretreated mice, which also points out that capsaicin-sensitive nerves are involved in the SMF-induced anti-nociceptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
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Del Seppia C, Ghione S, Luschi P, Ossenkopp KP, Choleris E, Kavaliers M. Pain perception and electromagnetic fields. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:619-42. [PMID: 17374395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence has accumulated showing that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affects pain sensitivity (nociception) and pain inhibition (analgesia). Consistent inhibitory effects of acute exposures to various EMFs on analgesia have been demonstrated in most studies. This renders examinations of changes in the expression of analgesia and nociception a particularly valuable means of addressing the biological effects of and mechanisms underlying the actions of EMFs. Here we provide an overview of the effects of various EMFs on nociceptive sensitivity and analgesia, with particular emphasis on opioid-mediated responses. We also describe the analgesic effects of particular specific EMFs, the effects of repeated exposures to EMFs and magnetic shielding, along with the dependence of EMF effects on lighting conditions. We further consider some of the underlying cellular and biophysical mechanisms along with the clinical implications of these effects of various EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy.
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Del Seppia C, Mezzasalma L, Messerotti M, Cordelli A, Ghione S. Simulation of the geomagnetic field experienced by the International Space Station in its revolution around the Earth: effects on psychophysiological responses to affective picture viewing. Neurosci Lett 2006; 400:197-202. [PMID: 16529860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence suggesting that exposure to an abnormal magnetic environment may produce psychophysiological effects related to abnormalities in responses to stress. This may be of relevance for space medicine where astronauts are exposed to a magnetic field different from that exerted by the Earth. Aim of this study was to assess how the exposure of the head to a magnetic field simulating the one encountered by the International Space Station (ISS) during a single orbit (90 min) around the Earth affects the cardiovascular and psychophysiological parameters. Twenty-four human volunteers were studied double blindly in random order under sham and magnetic exposure. During exposure, the persons were shown a set of pictures of different emotional content while subjective self-rating, skin conductance (SC), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured. In addition, BP, HR, and tooth pain threshold were assessed before and after exposure. While subjects were under magnetic exposure, skin conductance was strongly differentiated (F(2,36)=22.927; p=0.0001), being high during emotionally involving (positive and negative) pictures and low during neutral pictures. Conversely, when subjects were under sham exposure, no significant differences were observed. There was, however, a trend for higher heart rate during picture viewing under magnetic exposure as compared to sham exposure. No effects were found for the other variables. These results suggest that an abnormal magnetic field that simulates the one encountered by ISS orbiting around the Earth may enhance autonomic response to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Seppia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Janać B, Pesić V, Jelenković A, Vorobyov V, Prolić Z. Different effects of chronic exposure to ELF magnetic field on spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor and stereotypic activities in rats. Brain Res Bull 2005; 67:498-503. [PMID: 16216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic (7 days) exposure to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) on spontaneous and amphetamine-induced (1.5mg/kg, i.p.) locomotor and stereotypic activities in adult rats were examined by open field test for 2h on exposure days 1, 3, and 7. After 1 day of exposure to ELF-MF, the spontaneous locomotor activity was increased clearly at the first hour of observation and significantly at the second one as compared to the corresponding values in other series with ELF-MF and sham-exposed animals. After 7 days of exposure to ELF-MF, an amphetamine enhancing effect on the locomotor activity was significantly reduced at the second hour of observation as compared to that in 1-day- and sham-exposed rats treated with amphetamine. In contrast to the locomotor activity, the amphetamine-induced stereotypic behaviour in 7-day pre-exposed rats was significantly reduced at the first hour versus sham-exposed rats. While at the second hour of observation this effect was significant as compared to 1- and 3-day exposed animals (but not sham-exposed rats). Our results indicate that an extremely low frequency magnetic field is able to affect differently two types of behaviour, which are dependent on both the time course of exposure and the imbalance in the brain mediatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Janać
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Behaviour, Department of Neurobiology and Immunology, Institute for Biological Research, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Ghione S, Seppia CD, Mezzasalma L, Bonfiglio L. Effects of 50Hz electromagnetic fields on electroencephalographic alpha activity, dental pain threshold and cardiovascular parameters in humans. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382:112-7. [PMID: 15911132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) influences human electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha activity and pain perception. In the present study we analyse the effect on electrical EEG activity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) and on nociception in 40 healthy male volunteers after 90-min exposure of the head to 50 Hz ELF MFs at a flux density of 40 or 80 microT in a double-blind randomized sham-controlled study. Since cardiovascular regulation is functionally related to pain modulation, we also measured blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during treatment. Alpha activity after 80 microT magnetic treatment almost doubled compared to sham treatment. Pain threshold after 40 microT magnetic treatment was significantly lower than after sham treatment. No effects were found for BP and HR. We suggest that these results may be explained by a modulation of sensory gating processes through the opioidergic system, that in turn is influenced by magnetic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ghione
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Area S. Cataldo, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Lyskov E, Kalezic N, Markov M, Mild KH, Thunberg J, Johansson H. Low frequency therapeutic EMF differently influences experimental muscle pain in female and male subjects. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 26:299-304. [PMID: 15832331 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effects of a pulsating, half sine wave magnetic field (MF) with a frequency of 100 pps and 15 mT rms flux density, generated by the MD TEMF device (EMF Therapeutics, Inc., Chattanooga), on subjective pain rating, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were tested in a double blind, crossover design study employing experimental muscle pain. Each of 24 healthy volunteers (12 females and 12 males, 24.7 +/- 3.2 years of age) received painful stimulation induced by the infusion of 5% hypertonic saline (HS) into the erector spinae muscle during real and sham MF exposure, in counterbalanced order. Exposure to MF differently affects subjective pain estimates in females and males. MF exposure increased averaged pain level and time integral of pain ratings in females, whereas no statistically significant difference for these characteristics was found in males. Pain related elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed during both real and sham EMF exposure in female and male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lyskov
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
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Shupak NM, Hensel JM, Cross-Mellor SK, Kavaliers M, Prato FS, Thomas AW. Analgesic and behavioral effects of a 100 μT specific pulsed extremely low frequency magnetic field on control and morphine treated CF-1 mice. Neurosci Lett 2004; 354:30-3. [PMID: 14698475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diverse studies have shown that magnetic fields can affect behavioral and physiological functions. Previously, we have shown that sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic fields and specific pulsed magnetic fields (Cnps) can produce alterations in the analgesia-related behavior of the land snail. Here, we have extended these studies to show an induction of analgesia in mice equivalent to a moderate dose of morphine (5 mg/kg), and the effect of both Cnp exposure and morphine injection on some open-field activity. Cnp exposure was found to prolong the response latency to a nociceptive thermal stimulus (hot plate). Cnp+morphine offset the increased movement activity found with morphine alone. These results suggest that pulsed magnetic fields can induce analgesic behavior in mice without the side effects often associated with opiates like morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Shupak
- Bioelectromagnetics, Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ont. N6A 4V2, Canada
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Ghione S, Del Seppia C, Mezzasalma L, Emdin M, Luschi P. Human head exposure to a 37 Hz electromagnetic field: Effects on blood pressure, somatosensory perception, and related parameters. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25:167-75. [PMID: 15042625 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) of 37 Hz at a flux density of 80 microT peak enhances nociceptive sensitivity in mice. Here we examined the effects on pain sensitivity and some indexes of cardiovascular regulation mechanisms in humans by measuring electrical cutaneous thresholds, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and its variability, and stress hormones. Pain and tolerance thresholds remained unchanged after sham exposure but significantly decreased after electromagnetic exposure. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher during electromagnetic exposure and heart rate significantly decreased, both during sham and electromagnetic exposure, while the high frequency (150-400 mHz) component of heart rate variability, which is an index of parasympathetic activity, increased as expected during sham exposure but remained unchanged during electromagnetic exposure. Cortisol significantly decreased during sham exposure only. These results show that exposure to an EMF of 37 Hz also alters pain sensitivity in humans and suggest that these effects may be associated with abnormalities in cardiovascular regulation.
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