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Wang D, Jiang J, Shang W, Zhang J, Jiang X, Shen F, Liang J, Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Sui N. Effect of early embryonic exposure to morphine on defects in the GABAergic system of day-old chicks. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110657. [PMID: 36244467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic morphine exposure (EME) leads to abnormal brain development and behavior in the offspring, and the functional alteration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is considered to be one of the important mechanisms. To mimic the problem of susceptibility of human gestational drug abuse on addictive drugs in offspring, we administered morphine exposure on days 5-8 and 13-16 of chicken embryo development and examined the functions of GABA neurons and their receptors in postnatal chicks by neuroelectrophysiology, immunohistochemistry and behavioral methods. We found that morphine exposure during embryonic stages 5-8 (MorphineE5-8) significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentiation (IPSP) and the induction of evoked IPSP and the mean amplitude of GABAA agonist muscimol-induced response in the intermediate medial interstitial (IMM) region, compared to naïve controls or saline-exposed chicks. The results of immunocytochemistry further suggest that MorphineE5-8 decreased the synaptic density of GAD-expressing sites in the IMM, while increased the expression of the GABAA receptor subtype γ2 isoform. Behavioral results found that Morphine5-8 treatment de-inhibited morphine-induced psychomotor responses in postnatal chicks. Morphine exposure at embryonic stages 13-16 (MorphineE13-16) showed no significant changes in the above indicators compared to the saline group. Evidence suggests that early embryonic morphine exposure leads to defects in GABAergic function in the IMM, which in turn alters the responsiveness of postnatal chicks to addictive drugs. These results will help to understand the GABA mechanisms by which embryonic addictive drug exposure contributes to offspring susceptibility to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Mengya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Saheki Y, Aoki N, Homma KJ, Matsushima T. Suppressive Modulation of the Chick Forebrain Network for Imprinting by Thyroid Hormone: An in Vitro Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:881947. [PMID: 35514358 PMCID: PMC9065254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is considered to act acutely in the chick forebrain because focal infusion of T3 to the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) causes 4 to 6-day-old hatchlings to become imprintable approximately 30 min after the infusion. To understand the mechanism of this acute T3 action, we examined synaptic responses of IMM neurons in slice preparations in vitro. Extracellular field potential responses to local electrical stimulation were pharmacologically dissociated to synaptic components mediated by AMPA and NMDA receptors, as well as GABA-A and -B receptors. Bath-applied T3 (20-40 μM) enhanced the positive peak amplitude of the field potential, which represented the GABA-A component. Bicuculline induced spontaneous epileptic bursts by NMDA receptor activation, and subsequent application of T3 suppressed the bursting frequency. Pretreatment of slices with T3 failed to influence the synaptic potentiation caused by tetanic stimulation. Intracellular whole-cell recording using a patch electrode confirmed the T3 actions on the GABA-A and NMDA components. T3 enhanced the GABA-A response and suppressed the NMDA plateau potential without changes in the resting membrane potential or the threshold of action potentials. Contrary to our initial expectation, T3 suppressed the synaptic drives of IMM neurons, and did not influence activity-dependent synaptic potentiation. Imprinting-associated T3 influx may act as an acute suppressor of the IMM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Saheki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi J. Homma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsushima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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McCabe BJ. Visual Imprinting in Birds: Behavior, Models, and Neural Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31231236 PMCID: PMC6558373 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Filial imprinting is a process, readily observed in precocial birds, whereby a social attachment is established between a young animal and an object that is typically (although not necessarily) a parent. During a perinatal sensitive period, the young animal learns characteristics of the object (the imprinting stimulus) simply by being exposed to it and will subsequently recognize and selectively approach this stimulus. Imprinting can thus establish a filial bond with an individual adult: a form of social cohesion that may be crucial for survival. Behavioral predispositions can act together with the learning process of imprinting in the formation, maintenance, and modification of the filial bond. Memory of the imprinting stimulus, as well as being necessary for social recognition, is also used adaptively in perceptual classification of sensory signals. Abstract features of an imprinting stimulus, such as similarity or difference between stimulus components, can also be recognized. Studies of domestic chicks have elucidated the neural basis of much of the above behavior. This article discusses (1) principal behavioral characteristics of filial imprinting and related predispositions, (2) theoretical models that have been developed to account for this behavior, and (3) physiological results elucidating the underlying neural mechanisms. Interactions between these different levels of analysis have resulted in advancement of all of them. Taken together, the different approaches have helped define strategies for investigating mechanisms of learning, memory, and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J McCabe
- Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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In search of a recognition memory engram. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 50:12-28. [PMID: 25280908 PMCID: PMC4382520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the perirhinal cortex in familiarity discrimination is reviewed. Behavioural, pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence is considered. The cortex is found to be essential for memory acquisition, retrieval and storage. The evidence indicates that perirhinal synaptic weakening is critically involved.
A large body of data from human and animal studies using psychological, recording, imaging, and lesion techniques indicates that recognition memory involves at least two separable processes: familiarity discrimination and recollection. Familiarity discrimination for individual visual stimuli seems to be effected by a system centred on the perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe. The fundamental change that encodes prior occurrence within the perirhinal cortex is a reduction in the responses of neurones when a stimulus is repeated. Neuronal network modelling indicates that a system based on such a change in responsiveness is potentially highly efficient in information theoretic terms. A review is given of findings indicating that perirhinal cortex acts as a storage site for recognition memory of objects and that such storage depends upon processes producing synaptic weakening.
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Early prenatal morphine exposure impairs performance of learning tasks and attenuates in vitro heterosynaptic long-term potentiation of intermediate medial mesopallium in day-old chicks. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:363-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bradley PM, Burns BD, Gowland CJ, Webb AC. Post-synaptic GABAB receptors—possible controllers of coincidence detection? Behav Brain Res 2004; 155:27-35. [PMID: 15325776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-synaptic GABA(B) responses (slow, late hyperpolarisations which can be eliminated by perfusion with phaclofen) can be recorded in vitro from many, but not all, neurones in the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV). The IMHV is an area of the chick forebrain which is remarkable for its plasticity, and for its essential role in two specific types of early learning-imprinting, and a form of one-trial passive-avoidance learning. Post-synaptic GABA(B) responses are strongly statistically associated with other properties (such as high membrane resistance) which are, themselves, dependent on a bird's past history. There is also evidence that their incidence changes with prior training in vivo and with age. GABA(B) hyperpolarisations are always offset to a varying extent by excitatory NMDA components. These two components follow a very similar time-course, so that the duration and (to a lesser extent), the magnitude of a response is controlled by the balance between the two systems. The evidence suggests that this balance fluctuates, and that its fluctuations determine the extent to which any neurone can function as a coincidence detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Bradley
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Bradley PM, Burns BD, Webb AC. Low-threshold N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function correlates negatively with learning. Brain Res 2001; 900:38-47. [PMID: 11325344 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate, medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) is an area of the forebrain of the domestic chick which exhibits great plasticity. Moreover, there is a strong link between plasticity in the IMHV and specific changes in behaviour. The IMHV in vitro is still plastic, and many of its physiological properties are age-dependent, peaking in slices taken from 3- or 4-day-old birds. This 'window' coincides with an important transitional period in a chick's normal behavioural development. It has also been claimed that reversal training is at its most effective in 3- and 4-day-old birds - a proposition which was confirmed by the experiments reported here. A combination of in vivo training followed by in vitro electrophysiology also revealed that the function of low-threshold N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (one of the age-related variables) is negatively related to the effectiveness of reversal training, when age is held constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Bradley
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
The young chick is a powerful model system in which to study the biochemical and morphological processes underlying memory formation. Training chicks on a one trial passive avoidance task results in a molecular cascade in a specific brain region, the intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale. This cascade is initiated by glutamate release and engages a series of synaptic transients including increased calcium flux, up-regulation of NMDA-glutamate receptors, membrane protein phosphorylations, and the retrograde messenger NO. Expression of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun precedes the synthesis, glycosylation, and redistribution, >4 hr downstream, of a number of synaptic membrane proteins, notably NCAM and L1. Other membrane proteins required in the early phase of memory formation include the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and apolipoprotein E. There are concomitant increases in dendritic spine number and changes in synaptic structure. Nonsynaptic factors, including corticosterone and BDNF, can modulate retention of the avoidance response, enhancing the salience of otherwise weakly retained memory. These results are discussed in relation to general concepts of memory formation and the spatio-temporal distribution of the putative memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Rose
- Brain and Behaviour Research Group, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
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