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Sharma A, Chaudhuri TK. Physicochemical characterization of E. coli -derived human serum albumin and its comparison with the human plasma counterpart reveals it as a promising biosimilar. J Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Serum Albumin: What Are They For? Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:39-57. [PMID: 28281231 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin is a major plasma protein in mammalian blood. The importance of this protein lies in its roles in both bioregulation and transport phenomena. Serum albumin binds various metal ions and participates in the transport and storage of fatty acids, bilirubin, steroids amino acids, and many other ligands, usually with regions of hydrophobic surface. Although the primary role of serum albumin is to transport various ligand, its versatile binding capacities and high concentration mean that it can assume a number of additional functions. The major goal of this article is to show how intrinsic disorder is encoded in the amino acid sequence of serum albumin, and how intrinsic disorder is related to functions of this important serum protein.
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Kragh-Hansen U, Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Peters T. Human serum albumin isoforms: genetic and molecular aspects and functional consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5405-17. [PMID: 23558059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, 67 different genetic variants of human serum albumin and proalbumin have been molecularly characterized at the protein and/or gene level. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes present knowledge about genetic and molecular aspects, functional consequences and potential uses of the variants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The frequency of bisalbuminemia in the general population is probably about 1:1000, but it can be much higher in isolated populations. Mutations are often due to hypermutable CpG dinucleotides, and in addition to single-amino acid substitutions, glycosylated variants and C-terminally modified alloalbumins have been found. Some mutants show altered stability in vivo and/or in vitro. High-affinity binding of Ni(++) and Cu(++) is blocked, or almost so, by amino acid changes at the N-terminus. In contrast, substitution of Leu90 and Arg242 leads to strong binding of triiodothyronine and l-thyroxine, respectively, resulting in two clinically important syndromes. Variants often have modified plasma half-lives and organ uptakes when studied in mice. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because alloalbumins do not seem to be associated with disease, they can be used as markers of migration and provide a model for study of neutral molecular evolution. They can also give valuable molecular information about albumins binding sites, antioxidant and enzymatic properties, as well as stability. Mutants with increased affinity for endogenous or exogenous ligands could be therapeutically relevant as antidotes, both for in vivo and extracorporeal treatment. Variants with modified biodistribution could be used for drug targeting. In most cases, the desired function can be further elaborated by producing site-directed, recombinant mutants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
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Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:209-90. [PMID: 22230555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1166] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is a monomeric multi-domain macromolecule, representing the main determinant of plasma oncotic pressure and the main modulator of fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA displays an extraordinary ligand binding capacity, providing a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Indeed, HSA represents the main carrier for fatty acids, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays (pseudo-)enzymatic properties. HSA is a valuable biomarker of many diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia, post-menopausal obesity, severe acute graft-versus-host disease, and diseases that need monitoring of the glycemic control. Moreover, HSA is widely used clinically to treat several diseases, including hypovolemia, shock, burns, surgical blood loss, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, nutrition support, resuscitation, and hypoalbuminemia. Recently, biotechnological applications of HSA, including implantable biomaterials, surgical adhesives and sealants, biochromatography, ligand trapping, and fusion proteins, have been reported. Here, genetic, biochemical, biomedical, and biotechnological aspects of HSA are reviewed.
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Otagiri M, Chuang VTG. Pharmaceutically important pre- and posttranslational modifications on human serum albumin. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:527-34. [PMID: 19336879 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant technology allows engineering and production of proteins with desirable properties. Human serum albumin has been developed with recombinant technology, and thus plays an increasing role as a drug carrier in the clinical setting. Genetic variations usually occur on the surface of the protein, and do not impose significant effects on the conformation of albumin. However, binding of fatty acids by genetic variants is affected according to the location of the mutation. Albumin undergoes three major posttranslational modifications, namely, oxidation, glycation, and S-nitrosylation. This review gives an account of the different posttranslational modifications that should be taken into consideration when designing albumin mutant analogues with desirable pharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Otagiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
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Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Kragh-Hansen U, Peters T. Mutations and polymorphisms of the gene of the major human blood protein, serum albumin. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:1007-16. [PMID: 18459107 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have tabulated the 77 currently known mutations of the familiar human blood protein, serum albumin (ALB). A total of 65 mutations result in bisalbuminemia. Physiological and structural effects of these mutations are included where observed. Most of the changes are benign. The majority of them were detected upon clinical electrophoretic studies, as a result of a point mutation of a charged amino acid residue. Three were discovered by their strong binding of thyroxine or triiodothyronine. A total of 12 of the tabulated mutations result in analbuminemia, defined as a serum albumin concentration of <1 g/L. These were generally detected upon finding a low albumin concentration in patients with mild edema, and involve either splicing errors negating translation or premature stop codons producing truncated albumin molecules. A total of nine mutations, five of those with analbuminemia and four resulting in variants modified near the C-terminal end, cause frameshifts. Allotypes from three of the point mutations become N-glycosylated and one C-terminal frameshift mutation shows O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Minchiotti
- Department of Biochemistry A. Castellani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Changes of net charge and α-helical content affect the pharmacokinetic properties of human serum albumin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:1582-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fasano M, Curry S, Terreno E, Galliano M, Fanali G, Narciso P, Notari S, Ascenzi P. The extraordinary ligand binding properties of human serum albumin. IUBMB Life 2006; 57:787-96. [PMID: 16393781 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500404093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 770] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, binds different classes of ligands at multiple sites. HSA provides a depot for many compounds, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, holds some ligands in a strained orientation providing their metabolic modification, renders potential toxins harmless transporting them to disposal sites, accounts for most of the antioxidant capacity of human serum, and acts as a NO-carrier. The globular domain structural organization of monomeric HSA is at the root of its allosteric properties which are reminiscent of those of multimeric proteins. Here, structural, functional, biotechnological, and biomedical aspects of ligand binding to HSA are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fasano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Center of Neurosciences, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
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Kragh-Hansen U, Saito S, Nishi K, Anraku M, Otagiri M. Effect of genetic variation on the thermal stability of human serum albumin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1747:81-8. [PMID: 15680241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversible thermal denaturation of 33 genetic variants of human serum albumin (HSA) appeared to be a two-state process when studied by circular dichroism (CD). Fourteen single-residue variants have Tm values (midpoint of denaturation) higher than, and nine have Tm values lower than, their endogenous, wild-type counterpart. Nine single-residue variants have DeltaHv values (van't Hoff enthalpy) higher than, and 14 have DeltaHv values lower than, normal albumin. All types of combinations of positive and negative DeltaTm values and Delta(DeltaHv) values were found. Good linear correlations between mutation-induced changes of alpha-helical content and Delta(DeltaHv) values, but not DeltaTm values, were found especially for the variants mutated in domains I and III. The effect of altered chain length and glycosylation on Tm and DeltaHv was also studied. For all variants, no clear relationship was found between the changes in the thermodynamic parameters and the type of substitution, changes in protein charge or hydrophobicity. However, the protein changes taking place in domain I have a rather uniform effect (almost all of the nine variants have positive DeltaTm values and negative Delta(DeltaHv) values, i.e., they denature more easily than normal albumin but they do so at a higher temperature). The present results can be of both protein chemical relevance and of clinical interest, because they could be useful when designing stable, recombinant HSAs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kragh-Hansen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Campagnoli M, Kragh-Hansen U, Overgaard Pedersen A, Amoresano A, Lyon AW, Cesati R, Sala A, Romano A, Galliano M, Minchiotti L. Structural analysis, fatty acid and thyroxine binding properties of Vancouver and Naskapi variants of human serum albumin. Clin Biochem 2003; 36:597-605. [PMID: 14636873 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(03)00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To purify and structurally identify two albumin variants found in the Canadian population of native Amerindian origin. To assess the ability of variant albumins to bind lauric acid and L-thyroxine. METHODS The structural characterization of the alloalbumins was performed by conventional protein chemistry methods and by mass spectrometric analysis. Lauric acid and L-thyroxine affinities to variant albumins were assessed by kinetic dialysis and equilibrium dialysis techniques, respectively. RESULTS The sequence investigations proved the two variants to be albumin Naskapi [372Lys --> Glu] and albumin Vancouver [501Glu --> Lys], respectively. Among the carriers of albumin Naskapi, we found a rare case of homozygosity. Furthermore, this is the first reported case of the 501Glu-->Lys mutation in the native North American population. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that the association constants for lauric acid and L-thyroxine to the two variants were indistinguishable from the endogenous form of albumin. CONCLUSION We show that albumin variants Vancouver and Naskapi have normal fatty acid and L-thyroxine binding capabilities. These findings support the assumption that bisalbuminemias associated with these albumin variants are benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Campagnoli
- Department of Biochemistry A Castellani, via Taramelli 3b, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Bito R, Shikano T, Kawabata H. Isolation and characterization of denatured serum albumin from rats with endotoxicosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1646:100-11. [PMID: 12637016 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its rapid breakdown in the body, denatured serum albumin has not been identified in biological samples. In this study we attempted to determine whether denatured albumin could be identified in rats with endotoxicosis. Male Wistar rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg body weight). Plasma albumin concentration decreased to one-third the normal level at 2 days after the injection. By using the purified IgG against the specific epitope of chemically denatured albumin, two immunoreactive plasma proteins (bands D2 and D3) were identified by native PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. The plasma concentration of these two proteins increased significantly at 1 and 1.5 days after LPS injection. Peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS) identified these two proteins as serum albumin. In order to characterize their conformational nature, ion-exchange chromatography was used to isolate D2 and D3 albumins from rats injected with LPS. Far- and near-UV circular dichroism (CD), tryptophan and 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) fluorescence, and proteolytic susceptibility showed conformational alterations in the D2 and D3 albumins as compared with native albumin. These data indicate the presence of denatured albumin in circulating rat plasma, and this fact may contribute to a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of albumin breakdown in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Bito
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Minchiotti L, Campagnoli M, Rossi A, Cosulich ME, Monti M, Pucci P, Kragh-Hansen U, Granel B, Disdier P, Weiller PJ, Galliano M. A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kénitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:344-52. [PMID: 11168369 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2001.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Albumin Kenitra is a new type of genetic variant of human serum albumin that has been found in two members of a family of Sephardic Jews from Kenitra (Morocco). The slow-migrating variant and the normal protein were isolated by anion-exchange chromatography and, after treatment with CNBr, the digests were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. The CNBr peptides of the variant were purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and submitted to sequence analysis. Albumin Kenitra is peculiar because it has an elongated polypeptide chain, 601 residues instead of 585, and its sequence is modified beginning from residue 575. DNA structural studies showed that the variant is caused by a single-base insertion, an adenine at nucleotide position 15 970 in the genomic sequence, which leads to a frameshift with the subsequent translation to the first termination codon of exon 15. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the four additional cysteine residues of the variant form two new S-S bridges and showed that albumin Kenitra is partially O-glycosylated by a monosialylated HexHexNAc structure. This oligosaccharide chain has been located to Thr596 by amino-acid sequence analysis of the tryptic fragment 592-597.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Minchiotti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica A. Castellani, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 3B, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Galliano M, Kragh-Hansen U, Tárnoky AL, Chapman JC, Campagnoli M, Minchiotti L. Genetic variants showing apparent hot-spots in the human serum albumin gene. Clin Chim Acta 1999; 289:45-55. [PMID: 10556652 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular defects of three different slow-migrating genetic variants of human serum albumin, albumins Kamloops (formerly RIH), Stirling and Amsterdam, previously characterized only by electrophoretic and dye-binding studies, are now reported. Two of them are proalbumin variants: sequential analysis of the purified whole proteins has established the mutation responsible for albumin Kamloops as -1Arg-->Gln, and for albumin Stirling as -2Arg-->His. A Glu-->Lys substitution in position 570 of the mature albumin molecule was determined in albumin Amsterdam by sequential analysis of two abnormal tryptic fragments. The three alloalbumins are caused by single-base changes all of which seem to represent hot-spots in the albumin gene. The possible functional consequences of the presence of a circulating alloalbumin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galliano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
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