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Bai X, Putz AM, Wang Z, Fortin F, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Dekkers JCM, Field CJ, Plastow GS, Canada P. Exploring Phenotypes for Disease Resilience in Pigs Using Complete Blood Count Data From a Natural Disease Challenge Model. Front Genet 2020; 11:216. [PMID: 32231686 PMCID: PMC7083204 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease resilience is a valuable trait to help manage infectious diseases in livestock. It is anticipated that improved disease resilience will sustainably increase production efficiency, as resilient animals maintain their performance in the face of infection. The objective of this study was to identify phenotypes related to disease resilience using complete blood count (CBC) data from a wean-to-finish natural disease challenge model, established to mimic the disease pressure caused by many common pathogens at the commercial level of pig production. In total, 2433 F1 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows that went through the natural disease challenge model were classified into four groups (resilient, average, susceptible, and dead) based on their divergent responses in terms of growth and individual treatment. Three sets of blood samples for CBC analysis were drawn at 2-weeks before, and at 2- and 6-weeks after the challenge: Blood 1, Blood 3, and Blood 4 respectively. CBC of Blood 1 taken from healthy pigs before challenge did not show differences between groups. However, resilient animals were found to be primed to initiate a faster adaptive immune response and recover earlier following infection, with greater increases of lymphocyte concentration from Blood 1 to Blood 3 and for hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit from Blood 3 to Blood 4, but a lower neutrophil concentration from Blood 3 to Blood 4 than in susceptible and dead animals (FDR < 0.05). The CBC traits in response to the challenge were found to be heritable and genetically correlated with growth and treatment, which may indicate the potential for developing CBC under disease or commercial conditions as a phenotype in commercial systems as part of developing predictions for disease resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Bai
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fortin
- Centre de Développement du Porc du Québec, Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Catherine J Field
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - PigGen Canada
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Centre de Développement du Porc du Québec, Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Understanding quasi-apoptosis of the most numerous enucleated components of blood needs detailed molecular autopsy. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:46-62. [PMID: 28109836 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human body and their function of oxygen transport is pivotal to human physiology. However, being enucleated, they are often referred to as a sac of molecules and their cellularity is challenged. Interestingly, their programmed death stands a testimony to their cell-hood. They are capable of self-execution after a defined life span by both cell-specific mechanism and that resembling the cytoplasmic events in apoptosis of nucleated cells. Since the execution process lacks the nuclear and mitochondrial events in apoptosis, it has been referred to as quasi-apoptosis or eryptosis. Several studies on molecular mechanisms underlying death of erythrocytes have been reported. The data has generated a non-cohesive sketch of the process. The lacunae in the present knowledge need to be filled to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of physiological ageing and death of erythrocytes, as well as the effect of age of organism on RBCs survival. This would entail how the most numerous cells in the human body die and enable a better understanding of signaling mechanisms of their senescence and premature eryptosis observed in individuals of advanced age.
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Song X, Cao M, Yin Z, Jia R, Zou Y, Li L, Yue G, Liang X, Yin L, He C. Effects of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Song
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Mei Cao
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, China
| | | | - Renyong Jia
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China; Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Lixia Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | | | | | - Lizi Yin
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Szczesny P, Mykowiecka A, Pawłowski K, Grynberg M. Distinct protein classes in human red cell proteome revealed by similarity of phylogenetic profiles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54471. [PMID: 23349899 PMCID: PMC3549994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The minimal set of proteins necessary to maintain a vertebrate cell forms an interesting core of cellular machinery. The known proteome of human red blood cell consists of about 1400 proteins. We treated this protein complement of one of the simplest human cells as a model and asked the questions on its function and origins. The proteome was mapped onto phylogenetic profiles, i.e. vectors of species possessing homologues of human proteins. A novel clustering approach was devised, utilising similarity in the phylogenetic spread of homologues as distance measure. The clustering based on phylogenetic profiles yielded several distinct protein classes differing in phylogenetic taxonomic spread, presumed evolutionary history and functional properties. Notably, small clusters of proteins common to vertebrates or Metazoa and other multicellular eukaryotes involve biological functions specific to multicellular organisms, such as apoptosis or cell-cell signaling, respectively. Also, a eukaryote-specific cluster is identified, featuring GTP-ase signalling and ubiquitination. Another cluster, made up of proteins found in most organisms, including bacteria and archaea, involves basic molecular functions such as oxidation-reduction and glycolysis. Approximately one third of erythrocyte proteins do not fall in any of the clusters, reflecting the complexity of protein evolution in comparison to our simple model. Basically, the clustering obtained divides the proteome into old and new parts, the former originating from bacterial ancestors, the latter from inventions within multicellular eukaryotes. Thus, the model human cell proteome appears to be made up of protein sets distinct in their history and biological roles. The current work shows that phylogenetic profiles concept allows protein clustering in a way relevant both to biological function and evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szczesny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MG); (KP)
| | - Marcin Grynberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MG); (KP)
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Morera D, MacKenzie SA. Is there a direct role for erythrocytes in the immune response? Vet Res 2011; 42:89. [PMID: 21801407 PMCID: PMC3199785 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are highly abundant circulating cells in the vertebrates, which, with the notable exception of mammals, remain nucleated throughout the entire life cycle. The major function associated with these cells is respiratory gas exchange however other functions including interaction with the immune system have been attributed to these cells. Many viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens directly target this cell type and across the vertebrate group a significant number of related pathologies have been reported. Across the primary literature mechanisms of interaction, invasion and replication between viruses and erythrocytes have been well described however the functional response of the erythrocyte has been poorly studied. A fragmented series of reports spanning the vertebrates suggests that these cells are capable of functional responses to viral infection. In contrast, in-depth proteomic studies using human erythrocytes have strongly progressed throughout the past decade providing a rich source of information related to protein expression and potential function. Furthermore information at the gene expression level is becoming available. Here we provide a review of erythrocyte-pathogen interactions, erythrocyte functions in immunity and propose in light of recent -omics research that the nucleated erythrocytes may have a direct role in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Morera
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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