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Tovo PA, Galliano I, Parodi E, Calvi C, Gambarino S, Licciardi F, Dini M, Montanari P, Branca M, Ramenghi U, Bergallo M. Children with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia Exhibit High Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses TRIM28 and SETDB1. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1569. [PMID: 37628621 PMCID: PMC10454145 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) is an autoimmune disease whose underlying biologic mechanisms remain elusive. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) derive from ancestral infections and constitute about 8% of our genome. A wealth of clinical and experimental studies highlights their pivotal pathogenetic role in autoimmune diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as those modulated by TRIM28 and SETDB1, are involved in HERV activation and regulation of immune response. We assessed, through a polymerase chain reaction real-time Taqman amplification assay, the transcription levels of pol genes of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W; env genes of Syncytin (SYN)1, SYN2, and HERV-W; as well as TRIM28 and SETDB1 in whole blood from 34 children with CITP and age-matched healthy controls (HC). The transcriptional levels of all HERV sequences, with the exception of HERV-W-env, were significantly enhanced in children with CITP as compared to HC. Patients on eltrombopag treatment exhibited lower expression of SYN1, SYN2, and HERV-W-env as compared to untreated patients. The mRNA concentrations of TRIM28 and SETDB1 were significantly higher and were positively correlated with those of HERVs in CITP patients. The over-expressions of HERVs and TRIM28/SETDB1 and their positive correlations in patients with CITP are suggestive clues of their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease and support innovative interventions to inhibit HERV and TRIM28/SETDB1 expressions in patients unresponsive to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (P.-A.T.); (U.R.)
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Emilia Parodi
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Largo Filippo Turati 62, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Montanari
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Margherita Branca
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (P.-A.T.); (U.R.)
- Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospitalno, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.G.); (C.C.); (S.G.); (M.D.); (P.M.)
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Talotta R, Atzeni F, Laska MJ. The contribution of HERV-E clone 4-1 and other HERV-E members to the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases. APMIS 2020; 128:367-377. [PMID: 32202683 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)-E consist of a family of more than 1300 elements, stably integrated in the human genome. Some of them are full-length proviruses able to synthesize the viral proteins gag, pol and env. The reactivation of HERV-E elements has been associated to placentation, cancer and autoimmunity. In this narrative review, we aimed to report the status of the art concerning the involvement of HERV-E in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Following a research on PubMed database, a total of 87 articles were selected. The highest amount of evidence derives from studies on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas a few to no data are available on other immune-mediated diseases. In SLE, the hyper-expression of HERV-E clone 4-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or differentiated lymphocytes has been associated with disease activity and autoantibody production. It is likely that HERV-E take part to the pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases but additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera "Gaetano Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera "Gaetano Martino", Messina, Italy
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Radaelli E, Castiglioni V, Recordati C, Gobbi A, Capillo M, Invernizzi A, Scanziani E, Marchesi F. The Pathology of Aging 129S6/SvEvTac Mice. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:477-92. [PMID: 26467077 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815608673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The 129 mouse strain is commonly used for the generation of genetically engineered mice. Genetic drift or accidental contamination during outcrossing has resulted in several 129 substrains. Comprehensive data on spontaneous age-related pathology exist for the 129S4/SvJae substrain, whereas only limited information is available for other 129 substrains. This longitudinal aging study describes the life span and spontaneous lesions of 44 male and 18 female mice of the 129S6/SvEvTac substrain. Median survival time was 778 and 770 days for males and females, respectively. Tumors of lung and Harderian gland were the most common neoplasms in both sexes. Hepatocellular tumors occurred mainly in males. Hematopoietic tumors were observed at low frequency. Suppurative and ulcerative blepharoconjunctivitis was the most common nonneoplastic condition in both sexes. Corynebacteria (primarily Corynebacterium urealyticum and C. pseudodiphtheriticum) were isolated from animals with blepharoconjunctivitis and in some cases from unaffected mice, although a clear causal association between corynebacterial infections and blepharoconjunctivitis could not be inferred. Polyarteritis occurred only in males and was identified as the most common nonneoplastic contributory cause of death. Eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia occurred in both sexes and was a relevant cause of death or comorbidity. Epithelial hyalinosis at extrapulmonary sites was noted at higher frequency in females. This study contributes important data on the spontaneous age-related pathology of the 129S6/SvEvTac mouse substrain and is a valuable reference for evaluation of the phenotype in genetically engineered mice obtained with this 129 substrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Radaelli
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium InfraMouse, KU Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Castiglioni
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - C Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - A Gobbi
- COGENTECH SCARL, Milan, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Capillo
- COGENTECH SCARL, Milan, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - A Invernizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Scanziani
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Filarete Foundation, Milan, Italy Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Marchesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Abstract
Vasculitis is defined by the presence of leukocytes in the vessel wall with reactive damage to mural structures, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis. The immunopathologic events that initiate the process of vascular inflammation and blood vessel damage are unclear. Damage of vascular endothelial cells and the recruitment and accumulation of the inflammatory infiltrate are determined by the endothelial cell and the bystanders, including the expression of adhesion molecules, the secretion of peptides and hormones, and the specific interaction with inflammatory cells. In addition to the endothelial cells, which provide costimulatory function, other cellular components and nonendothelial structures of the vessel wall are involved in controlling the inflammatory process, serve as antigen-presenting cells, and contribute with inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cuchacovich
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 1542 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2822, USA.
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