1
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Deng S, Kim J, Pomraning KR, Gao Y, Evans JE, Hofstad BA, Dai Z, Webb-Robertson BJ, Powell SM, Novikova IV, Munoz N, Kim YM, Swita M, Robles AL, Lemmon T, Duong RD, Nicora C, Burnum-Johnson KE, Magnuson J. Identification of a specific exporter that enables high production of aconitic acid in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. Metab Eng 2023; 80:163-172. [PMID: 37778408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Aconitic acid is an unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that is attractive for its potential use in manufacturing biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, plasticizers, and surfactants. Previously Aspergillus pseudoterreus was engineered as a platform to produce aconitic acid by deleting the cadA (cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase) gene in the itaconic acid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the aconitic acid transporter gene (aexA) was identified using comparative global discovery proteomics analysis between the wild-type and cadA deletion strains. The protein AexA belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS). Deletion of aexA almost abolished aconitic acid secretion, while its overexpression led to a significant increase in aconitic acid production. Transportation of aconitic acid across the plasma membrane is a key limiting step in its production. In vitro, proteoliposome transport assay further validated AexA's function and substrate specificity. This research provides new approaches to efficiently pinpoint and characterize exporters of fungal organic acids and accelerate metabolic engineering to improve secretion capability and lower the cost of bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Deng
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Yuqian Gao
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - James E Evans
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Beth A Hofstad
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ziyu Dai
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Samantha M Powell
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Irina V Novikova
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Marie Swita
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Ana L Robles
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Teresa Lemmon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Rylan D Duong
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Carrie Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Jon Magnuson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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2
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Liu D, Hwang HJ, Otoupal PB, Geiselman GM, Kim J, Pomraning KR, Kim YM, Munoz N, Nicora CD, Gao Y, Burnum-Johnson KE, Jacobson O, Coradetti S, Kim J, Deng S, Dai Z, Prahl JP, Tanjore D, Lee TS, Magnuson JK, Gladden JM. Engineering Rhodosporidium toruloides for production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Metab Eng 2023; 78:72-83. [PMID: 37201565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of valuable bioproducts is a promising route towards green and sustainable manufacturing. The oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, has emerged as an attractive host for the production of biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is an attractive platform molecule that can be used to produce a wide range of commodity chemicals. This study focuses on establishing and optimizing the production of 3HP in R. toruloides. As R. toruloides naturally has a high metabolic flux towards malonyl-CoA, we exploited this pathway to produce 3HP. Upon finding the yeast capable of catabolizing 3HP, we then implemented functional genomics and metabolomic analysis to identify the catabolic pathways. Deletion of a putative malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene encoding an oxidative 3HP pathway was found to significantly reduce 3HP degradation. We further explored monocarboxylate transporters to promote 3HP transport and identified a novel 3HP transporter in Aspergillus pseudoterreus by RNA-seq and proteomics. Combining these engineering efforts with media optimization in a fed-batch fermentation resulted in 45.4 g/L 3HP production. This represents one of the highest 3HP titers reported in yeast from lignocellulosic feedstocks. This work establishes R. toruloides as a host for 3HP production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate at high titers, and paves the way for further strain and process optimization towards enabling industrial production of 3HP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA.
| | - Hee Jin Hwang
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Peter B Otoupal
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Geiselman
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Oslo Jacobson
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Coradetti
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Deng
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jan-Philip Prahl
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jon K Magnuson
- Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA; Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John M Gladden
- Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA; Agile BioFoundry, Department of Energy, Emeryville, CA, USA; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA.
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3
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Dai Z, Pomraning KR, Deng S, Kim J, Campbell KB, Robles AL, Hofstad BA, Munoz N, Gao Y, Lemmon T, Swita MS, Zucker JD, Kim YM, Burnum-Johnson KE, Magnuson JK. Metabolic engineering to improve production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from corn-stover hydrolysate in Aspergillus species. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:53. [PMID: 36991437 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuels and chemicals derived from non-fossil sources are needed to lessen human impacts on the environment while providing a healthy and growing economy. 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an important chemical building block that can be used for many products. Biosynthesis of 3-HP is possible; however, low production is typically observed in those natural systems. Biosynthetic pathways have been designed to produce 3-HP from a variety of feedstocks in different microorganisms. RESULTS In this study, the 3-HP β-alanine pathway consisting of aspartate decarboxylase, β-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase from selected microorganisms were codon optimized for Aspergillus species and placed under the control of constitutive promoters. The pathway was introduced into Aspergillus pseudoterreus and subsequently into Aspergillus niger, and 3-HP production was assessed in both hosts. A. niger produced higher initial 3-HP yields and fewer co-product contaminants and was selected as a suitable host for further engineering. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of both Aspergillus species during 3-HP production identified genetic targets for improvement of flux toward 3-HP including pyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate hydrolase, and a 3-HP transporter. Overexpression of pyruvate carboxylase improved yield in shake-flasks from 0.09 to 0.12 C-mol 3-HP C-mol-1 glucose in the base strain expressing 12 copies of the β-alanine pathway. Deletion or overexpression of individual target genes in the pyruvate carboxylase overexpression strain improved yield to 0.22 C-mol 3-HP C-mol-1 glucose after deletion of the major malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Further incorporation of additional β-alanine pathway genes and optimization of culture conditions (sugars, temperature, nitrogen, phosphate, trace elements) for 3-HP production from deacetylated and mechanically refined corn stover hydrolysate improved yield to 0.48 C-mol 3-HP C-mol-1 sugars and resulted in a final titer of 36.0 g/L 3-HP. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study establish A. niger as a host for 3-HP production from a lignocellulosic feedstock in acidic conditions and demonstrates that 3-HP titer and yield can be improved by a broad metabolic engineering strategy involving identification and modification of genes participated in the synthesis of 3-HP and its precursors, degradation of intermediates, and transport of 3-HP across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Dai
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Shuang Deng
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kristen B Campbell
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ana L Robles
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Beth A Hofstad
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yuqian Gao
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Teresa Lemmon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Marie S Swita
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jeremy D Zucker
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jon K Magnuson
- DOE Agile Biofoundry, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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4
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Itaconic acid production is regulated by LaeA in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00203. [PMID: 36065328 PMCID: PMC9440423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global regulator LaeA controls secondary metabolism in diverse Aspergillus species. Here we explored its role in regulation of itaconic acid production in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. To understand its role in regulating metabolism, we deleted and overexpressed laeA, and assessed the transcriptome, proteome, and secreted metabolome prior to and during initiation of phosphate limitation induced itaconic acid production. We found that secondary metabolite clusters, including the itaconic acid biosynthetic gene cluster, are regulated by laeA and that laeA is required for high yield production of itaconic acid. Overexpression of LaeA improves itaconic acid yield at the expense of biomass by increasing the expression of key biosynthetic pathway enzymes and attenuating the expression of genes involved in phosphate acquisition and scavenging. Increased yield was observed in optimized conditions as well as conditions containing excess nutrients that may be present in inexpensive sugar containing feedstocks such as excess phosphate or complex nutrient sources. This suggests that global regulators of metabolism may be useful targets for engineering metabolic flux that is robust to environmental heterogeneity. The Itaconic acid biosynthetic gene cluster is regulated by laeA. LaeA is required for production of itaconic acid. Overexpression of laeA attenuates genes involved in phosphate acquisition. Global regulator engineering increases robustness of itaconic acid production.
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5
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Zhang J, Jin B, Hong K, Lv Y, Wang Z, Chen T. Cell Catalysis of Citrate to Itaconate by Engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3017-3027. [PMID: 34704752 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA), an important five-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, is one of the top 12 renewable chemicals with an urgent need to reduce industrial production costs. Halomonas bluephagenesis, which possesses the potential for cost-effective bioproduction of chemicals and organic acids due to its ability to grow under open nonsterile conditions and high tolerance to organic acid salts, was genetically engineered and used to produce IA from citrate by a cell catalytic strategy. Here, two essential genes (cis-aconitate decarboxylase encoding gene cadA and aconitase (ACN) encoding gene acn) were introduced into H. bluephagenesis to construct an IA biosynthesis pathway. Further engineering modifications including coexpression of molecular chaperones GroESL, increasing the copy number of the gene encoding rate-limiting enzyme ACN, and weakening the competing pathway were implemented. Under the optimized condition for the cell catalytic system, the engineered strain TAZI-08 produced 451.45 mM (58.73 g/L) IA from 500 mM citrate, with 93.24% conversion in 36 h and a productivity of 1.63 g/(L h). An intermittent feeding strategy further increased the IA titer to 488.86 mM (63.60 g/L). The IA titer and citrate conversion in H. bluephagenesis are the highest among heterologous hosts reported so far, demonstrating that this strain is a suitable chassis for hyperproduction of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biao Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunqiang Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - You Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Pomraning KR, Dai Z, Munoz N, Kim YM, Gao Y, Deng S, Kim J, Hofstad BA, Swita MS, Lemmon T, Collett JR, Panisko EA, Webb-Robertson BJM, Zucker JD, Nicora CD, De Paoli H, Baker SE, Burnum-Johnson KE, Hillson NJ, Magnuson JK. Integration of Proteomics and Metabolomics Into the Design, Build, Test, Learn Cycle to Improve 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Production in Aspergillus pseudoterreus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:603832. [PMID: 33898398 PMCID: PMC8058442 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.603832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological engineering of microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals is a promising route to sustainable manufacturing. However, overproduction of metabolic intermediates at high titer, rate, and yield from inexpensive substrates is challenging in non-model systems where limited information is available regarding metabolic flux and its control in production conditions. Integrated multi-omic analyses of engineered strains offers an in-depth look at metabolites and proteins directly involved in growth and production of target and non-target bioproducts. Here we applied multi-omic analyses to overproduction of the polymer precursor 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus pseudoterreus. A synthetic pathway consisting of aspartate decarboxylase, beta-alanine pyruvate transaminase, and 3HP dehydrogenase was designed and built for A. pseudoterreus. Strains with single- and multi-copy integration events were isolated and multi-omics analysis consisting of intracellular and extracellular metabolomics and targeted and global proteomics was used to interrogate the strains in shake-flask and bioreactor conditions. Production of a variety of co-products (organic acids and glycerol) and oxidative degradation of 3HP were identified as metabolic pathways competing with 3HP production. Intracellular accumulation of nitrogen as 2,4-diaminobutanoate was identified as an off-target nitrogen sink that may also limit flux through the engineered 3HP pathway. Elimination of the high-expression oxidative 3HP degradation pathway by deletion of a putative malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase improved the yield of 3HP by 3.4 × after 10 days in shake-flask culture. This is the first report of 3HP production in a filamentous fungus amenable to industrial scale biomanufacturing of organic acids at high titer and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Pomraning
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Shuang Deng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Joonhoon Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States.,Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Beth A Hofstad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Marie S Swita
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Teresa Lemmon
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - James R Collett
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Ellen A Panisko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Jeremy D Zucker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Scott E Baker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Nathan J Hillson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jon K Magnuson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States.,Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
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7
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Aso Y, Nomura Y, Sano M, Sato R, Tanaka T, Ohara H, Matsumoto K, Wada K. Caprylic acid enhances hydroxyhexylitaconic acid production in Aspergillus niger S17-5. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1972-1980. [PMID: 33064909 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aspergillus niger S17-5 produces two alkylitaconic acids, 9-hydroxyhexylitaconic acid (9-HHIA) and 10-hydroxyhexylitaconic acid (10-HHIA), which have cytotoxic and polymer building block properties. In this study, we characterized the production of 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA by addition of their expected precursor, caprylic acid, to a culture of A. niger S17-5, and demonstrated batch fermentation of 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA in a jar fermenter with DO-stat. METHODS AND RESULTS Production titres of 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA from 3% glucose in a flask after 25 days cultivation were 0·35 and 1·01 g l-1 respectively. Addition of 0·22 g l-1 of caprylic acid to a suspension of resting cells of A. niger S17-5 led to 32% enhancement of total 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA production compared to no addition. No enhancement of the production of 9-HHIA or 10-HHIA by the addition of oxaloacetic acid was observed. Addition of caprylic acid to the culture at mid-growth phase was more suitable for 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA production due to less cell growth inhibition by caprylic acid. DO-stat batch fermentation with 3% glucose and 14·4 g l-1 of caprylic acid in a 1·5 l jar fermenter resulted in the production titres of 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA being 0·48 and 1·54 g l-1 respectively after 10 days of cultivation. CONCLUSIONS Addition of caprylic acid to the culture of A. niger S17-5 enhances 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results suggest that 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA are synthesized with octanoyl-CoA derived from caprylic acid, and that the supply of octanoyl-CoA is a rate-limiting step in 9-HHIA and 10-HHIA production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the fermentation of naturally occurring itaconic acid derivatives in a jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nomura
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Sano
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Sato
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Corporate Research & Business Division, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Corporate Research & Business Division, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Deletion analysis of the itaconic acid biosynthesis gene cluster components in Aspergillus pseudoterreus ATCC32359. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3981-3992. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Evaluating aeration and stirring effects to improve itaconic acid production from glucose using Aspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1383-1389. [PMID: 31617036 PMCID: PMC6828833 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the bioreactor conditions, in particular the mode and intensity of aeration and mixing were studied on itaconic acid (IA) fermentation efficiency by Aspergillus terreus strain from glucose substrate. IA was produced in batch system by systematically varying the oxygen content of the aeration gas (from 21 to 31.5 vol% O2) and the stirring rate (from 150 to 600 rpm). The data were analyzed kinetically to characterize the behavior of the process, and besides, the performances were evaluated comparatively with the literature. It turned out that the operation of the bioreactor with either the higher inlet O2 concentration (31.5 vol% O2) or faster stirring (600 rpm) could enhance biological IA generation the most, resulting in yield and volumetric productivity of 0.31 g IA/g glucose and 0.32 g IA/g glucose and 3.15 g IA/L day and 4.26 g IA/L day, respectively. Overall, the significance of fermentation settings was shown in this work regarding IA production catalyzed by A. terreus and notable advances could be realized by adjusting the aeration and stirring towards an optimal combination.
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Production of lignin-modifying enzymes by Trametes ochracea on high-molecular weight fraction of olive mill wastewater, a byproduct of olive oil biorefinery. N Biotechnol 2019; 50:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Optimized pH and Its Control Strategy Lead to Enhanced Itaconic Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus terreus on Glucose Substrate. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological itaconic acid production can by catalyzed by Aspergillus terreus (a filamentous fungi) where the fermentation medium pH is of prominent importance. Therefore, in this work, we investigated what benefits the different pH regulation options might offer in enhancing the process. The batch itaconic acid fermentation data underwent a kinetic analysis and the pH control alternatives were ranked subsequently. It would appear that the pH-shift strategy (initial adjustment of pH to 3 and its maintenance at 2.5 after 48 h) resulted in the most attractive fermentation pattern and could hence be recommended to achieve itaconic acid production with an improved performance using A. terreus from carbohydrate, such as glucose. Under this condition, the itaconic acid titer potential, the maximal itaconic acid (titer) production rate, the length of lag-phase and itaconic acid yield were 87.32 g/L, 0.22 g/L/h, 56.04 h and 0.35 g/g glucose, respectively.
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12
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Wang CC, Wu JY, Chang CY, Yu ST, Liu YC. Enhanced exopolysaccharide production by Cordyceps militaris using repeated batch cultivation. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Phosphate limitation alleviates the inhibitory effect of manganese on itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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15
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Cunha da Cruz J, Machado de Castro A, Camporese Sérvulo EF. World market and biotechnological production of itaconic acid. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:138. [PMID: 29484277 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The itaconic acid (IA) world market is expected to exceed 216 million of dollars by 2020 as a result of an increasing demand for bio-based chemicals. The potential of this organic acid produced by fermentation mainly with filamentous fungi relies on the vast industrial applications of polymers derived from it. The applications may be as a superabsorbent polymer for personal care or agriculture, unsaturated polyester resin for the transportation industry, poly(methyl methacrylate) for electronic devices, among many others. However, the existence of other substitutes and the high production cost limit the current IA market. IA manufacturing is done mainly in China and other Asia-Pacific countries. Higher economic feasibility and production worldwide may be achieved with the use of low-cost feedstock of local origin and with the development of applications targeted to specific local markets. Moreover, research on the biological pathway for IA synthesis and the effect of medium composition are important for amplifying the knowledge about the production of that biochemical with great market potential.
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16
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Joo YC, You SK, Shin SK, Ko YJ, Jung KH, Sim SA, Han SO. Bio-Based Production of Dimethyl Itaconate From Rice Wine Waste-Derived Itaconic Acid. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyou You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A. Sim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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Bafana R, Sivanesan S, Pandey RA. Itaconic Acid Production by Filamentous Fungi in Starch-Rich Industrial Residues. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:322-328. [PMID: 28904417 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several fungi and starch-rich industrial residues were screened for itaconic acid (IA) production. Out of 15 strains, only three fungal strains were found to produce IA, which was confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS analysis. These strains were identified as Aspergillus terreus strains C1 and C2, and Ustilago maydis strain C3 by sequencing of 18S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions. Cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cad) gene, which encodes a key enzyme in IA production in A. terreus, was characterized from strains C1 and C2. C1 and C2 cad gene sequences showed about 96% similarity to the only available GenBank sequence of A. terreus cad gene. 3-D structure and cis-aconitic acid binding pocket of Cad enzyme were predicted by structural modeling. Rice, corn and potato starch wastes were screened for IA production. These materials were enzymatically hydrolyzed under experimentally optimized conditions resulting in the highest glucose production of 230 mg/mL from 20% potato waste. On comparing the production potential of selected strains with different wastes, the best IA production was achieved with strain C1 (255.7 mg/L) using potato waste. Elemental composition as well as batch-to-batch variation in waste substrates were analyzed. The difference in IA production from two different batches of potato waste was found to inversely correlate with their phosphorus content, which indicated that A. terreus produced IA under phosphate limiting condition. The potato waste hydrolysate was deionized to remove inhibitory ions like phosphate, resulting in improved IA production of 4.1 g/L by C1 strain, which is commercially competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bafana
- AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - Sarvanadevi Sivanesan
- AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, 440020 India
| | - R A Pandey
- AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, 440020 India
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18
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Production of itaconic acid from pentose sugars by Aspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1059-1067. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Bafana R, Pandey RA. New approaches for itaconic acid production: bottlenecks and possible remedies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:68-82. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1312268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bafana
- AcSIR (Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, India
| | - R. A. Pandey
- AcSIR (Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, India
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20
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Krull S, Hevekerl A, Kuenz A, Prüße U. Process development of itaconic acid production by a natural wild type strain of Aspergillus terreus to reach industrially relevant final titers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4063-4072. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Emerging biotechnologies for production of itaconic acid and its applications as a platform chemical. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:303-315. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, itaconic acid (IA), an unsaturated C5-dicarboxylic acid, has attracted much attention as a biobased building block chemical. It is produced industrially (>80 g L−1) from glucose by fermentation with Aspergillus terreus. The titer is low compared with citric acid production (>200 g L−1). This review summarizes the latest progress on enhancing the yield and productivity of IA production. IA biosynthesis involves the decarboxylation of the TCA cycle intermediate cis-aconitate through the action of cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) enzyme encoded by the CadA gene in A. terreus. A number of recombinant microorganisms have been developed in an effort to overproduce it. IA is used as a monomer for production of superabsorbent polymer, resins, plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. Its applications as a platform chemical are highlighted. It has a strong potential to replace petroleum-based methylacrylic acid in industry which will create a huge market for IA.
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22
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Production of lovastatin and itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus: a comparative perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:34. [PMID: 28102516 PMCID: PMC5247550 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is a textbook example of an industrially relevant filamentous fungus. It is used for the biotechnological production of two valuable metabolites, namely itaconic acid and lovastatin. Itaconic acid serves as a precursor in polymer industry, whereas lovastatin found its place in the pharmaceutical market as a cholesterol-lowering statin drug and a precursor for semisynthetic statins. Interestingly, their biosynthetic gene clusters were shown to reside in the common genetic neighborhood. Despite the genomic proximity of the underlying biosynthetic genes, the production of lovastatin and itaconic acid was shown to be favored by different factors, especially with respect to pH values of the broth. While there are several reviews on various aspects of lovastatin and itaconic acid production, the survey on growth conditions, biochemistry and morphology related to the formation of these two metabolites has never been presented in the comparative manner. The aim of the current review is to outline the correlations and contrasts with respect to process-related and biochemical discoveries regarding itaconic acid and lovastatin production by A. terreus.
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23
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Regulating Pyruvate Carboxylase in the Living Culture of Aspergillus Terreus Nrrl 1960 by l-Aspartate for Enhanced Itaconic Acid Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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The Mechanical Properties of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) Denture Base Material Modified with Dimethyl Itaconate and Di-n-butyl Itaconate. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/561012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates a wide range of clinically relevant mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base materials modified with di-methyl itaconate (DMI) and di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI) in order to compare them to a commercial PMMA denture base material. The commercial denture base formulation was modified with DMI and DBI by replacing up to 10 wt% of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer. The specimens were prepared by standard bath curing process. The influence of the itaconate content on hardness, impact strength, tensile, and thermal and dynamic mechanical properties was investigated. It is found that the addition of di-n-alkyl itaconates gives homogenous blends that show decreased glass transition temperature, as well as decrease in storage modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and impact fracture resistance with increase in the itaconate content. The mean values of surface hardness show no significant change with the addition of itaconates. The magnitude of the measured values indicates that the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material modified with itaconates could be developed into a less toxic, more environmentally and patient friendly product than commercial pure PMMA denture base material.
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25
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Hevekerl A, Kuenz A, Vorlop KD. Influence of the pH on the itaconic acid production with Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:10005-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Huang X, Lu X, Li Y, Li X, Li JJ. Improving itaconic acid production through genetic engineering of an industrial Aspergillus terreus strain. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:119. [PMID: 25162789 PMCID: PMC4251695 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Itaconic acid, which has been declared to be one of the most promising and flexible building blocks, is currently used as monomer or co-monomer in the polymer industry, and produced commercially by Aspergillus terreus. However, the production level of itaconic acid hasn’t been improved in the past 40 years, and mutagenesis is still the main strategy to improve itaconate productivity. The genetic engineering approach hasn’t been applied in industrial A. terreus strains to increase itaconic acid production. Results In this study, the genes closely related to itaconic acid production, including cadA, mfsA, mttA, ATEG_09969, gpdA, ATEG_01954, acoA, mt-pfkA and citA, were identified and overexpressed in an industrial A. terreus strain respectively. Overexpression of the genes cadA (cis-aconitate decarboxylase) and mfsA (Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter) enhanced the itaconate production level by 9.4% and 5.1% in shake flasks respectively. Overexpression of other genes showed varied effects on itaconate production. The titers of other organic acids were affected by the introduced genes to different extent. Conclusions Itaconic acid production could be improved through genetic engineering of the industrially used A. terreus strain. We have identified some important genes such as cadA and mfsA, whose overexpression led to the increased itaconate productivity, and successfully developed a strategy to establish a highly efficient microbial cell factory for itaconate protuction. Our results will provide a guide for further enhancement of the itaconic acid production level through genetic engineering in future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0119-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
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27
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Hevekerl A, Kuenz A, Vorlop KD. Filamentous fungi in microtiter plates—an easy way to optimize itaconic acid production with Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6983-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Duobin M, Yuping M, Lujing G, Aijing Z, Jianqiang Z, Chunping X. Fermentation characteristics in stirred-tank reactor of exopolysaccharides with hypolipidemic activity produced by Pleurotus geesteranus 5#. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014; 85:1473-81. [PMID: 24346799 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201320130037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hypolipidemic effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Pleurotus geesteranus 5# fermenting liquor by the optimal culture conditions in a 5-L stirred-tank reactor was investigated. The hypolipidemic effect of the polysaccharide, investigated in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, decreased plasma glucose, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations by 17.1 %, 18.8 % and 12.0 %, respectively. The results of the present investigation strongly demonstrate the potential of this polysaccharide to prevent hyperglycemia in the experimental animals. Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum concentrations of mycelial and EPS were 22.63 g/L after 7 d cultivation and 11.09 g/L after 10 d, respectively. Furthermore, the morphological parameters (i.e. mean diameter, circularity, roughness and compactness) of the pellets and the broth viscosity were characterized. It was proved that compactness of the pellet morphology (R²=0.963, p<0.01) was significantly and positively determined with mycelial biomass. Moreover, mean diameter (R²=93.3, p<0.01) and broth viscosity (R²=0.950, p<0.01) were significantly and positively determined with EPS content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Duobin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450002Henan, China
| | - Ma Yuping
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou450016Henan, China
| | - Geng Lujing
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450002Henan, China
| | - Zhao Aijing
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, 450002Henan, China
| | - Zheng Jianqiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450002Henan, China
| | - Xu Chunping
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450002Henan, China
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29
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Okamoto S, Chin T, Hiratsuka K, Aso Y, Tanaka Y, Takahashi T, Ohara H. Production of itaconic acid using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2014; 60:191-7. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.60.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Klement T, Büchs J. Itaconic acid--a biotechnological process in change. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:422-31. [PMID: 23298766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, itaconic acid has gained increasing interest as future bio-based platform chemical. To replace petrol-based compounds such as methacrylic acid in industry, the economic efficiency of the current biotechnological production processes with the fungus Aspergillus terreus has to be improved. The recent progress in understanding the biosynthesis, the regulation and the cellular transport of itaconic acid has facilitated the optimisation of existing processes as well as the construction of new microbial platforms. However, there is still need for further optimisation to increase the space-time yield, to achieve higher final concentrations and to use a broader range of low cost sustainable raw materials. Genetic engineering and process development need to apply intelligent screening platforms to obtain as much information as possible in small scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Klement
- AVT, Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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31
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Reduced by-product formation and modified oxygen availability improve itaconic acid production in Aspergillus niger. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3901-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Liu J, Gao Q, Xu N, Liu L. Genome-scale reconstruction and in silico analysis of Aspergillus terreus metabolism. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1939-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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33
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Fermentation characteristics and hypoglycemic activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by submerged culture of Stropharia rugosoannulata #2. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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34
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Animal bone char solubilization with itaconic acid produced by free and immobilized Aspergillus terreus grown on glycerol-based medium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1311-8. [PMID: 22956279 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cells of Aspergillus terreus, free and immobilized in polyurethane foam, were employed in itaconic acid fermentation processes on glycerol-based media. The purpose was to assess their suitability for animal bone char solubilization and the development of a biotechnological alternative to P fertilizers chemically produced from rock phosphate. Animal bones constitute a renewable source of P that can replace the traditionally used finite, nonrenewable rock phosphate as a P source. Glycerol was an excellent substrate for growth (10.2 g biomass L(-1)) and itaconic acid production (26.9 g L(-1)) by free fungal cells after 120-h fermentation. Simultaneously, A. terreus solubilized the insoluble phosphate to a yield of 23 to 50 %, depending on the particle size and concentration. Polyurethane foam cut into cubes of 0.5-0.6 cm per side, with 0.3 mm pore size and applied at 2.0 g L(-1) proved to be an excellent cell carrier. In repeated batch fermentation, the immobilized mycelium showed a high capacity to solubilize animal bone char, which resulted on average in 168.8 mg L(-1) soluble phosphate per 48-h cycle and 59.4 % yield (percent of total phosphate) registered in the fourth batch.
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Li A, Pfelzer N, Zuijderwijk R, Punt P. Enhanced itaconic acid production in Aspergillus niger using genetic modification and medium optimization. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:57. [PMID: 22925689 PMCID: PMC3472327 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aspergillus niger was selected as a host for producing itaconic acid due to its versatile and tolerant character in various growth environments, and its extremely high capacity of accumulating the precursor of itaconic acid: citric acid. Expressing the CAD gene from Aspergillus terreus opened the metabolic pathway towards itaconic acid in A. niger. In order to increase the production level, we continued by modifying its genome and optimizing cultivation media. Results Based on the results of previous transcriptomics studies and research from other groups, two genes : gpdA encoding the glyceraldehyde −3-dehydrogenase (GPD) and hbd1 encoding a flavohemoglobin domain (HBD) were overexpressed in A. niger. Besides, new media were designed based on a reference medium for A. terreus. To analyze large numbers of cultures, we developed an approach for screening both fungal transformants and various media in 96-well micro-titer plates. The hbd1 transformants (HBD 2.2/2.5) did not improve itaconic acid titer while the gpdA transformant (GPD 4.3) decreased the itaconic acid production. Using 20 different media, copper was discovered to have a positive influence on itaconic acid production. Effects observed in the micro-titer plate screening were confirmed in controlled batch fermentation. Conclusions The performance of gpdA and hbd1 transformants was found not to be beneficial for itaconic acid production using the tested cultivation conditions. Medium optimization showed that, copper was positively correlated with improved itaconic acid production. Interestingly, the optimal conditions for itaconic acid clearly differ from conditions optimal for citric- and oxalic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- TNO Microbiology and Systems biology, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Tepwong P, Giri A, Ohshima T. Effect of mycelial morphology on ergothioneine production during liquid fermentation of Lentinula edodes. MYCOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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van Leeuwen J, Rasmussen ML, Sankaran S, Koza CR, Erickson DT, Mitra D, Jin B. Fungal Treatment of Crop Processing Wastewaters with Value-Added Co-Products. SUSTAINABLE BIOENERGY AND BIOPRODUCTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Nesic AR, Trifunovic SS, Grujic AS, Velickovic SJ, Antonovic DG. Complexation of amidated pectin with poly(itaconic acid) as a polycarboxylic polymer model compound. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2463-8. [PMID: 21943549 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complexes based on amidated pectin (AP) and poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) were prepared by casting films from solutions of AP and PIA in different ratios with the pectin amount ranging from 10% to 90% by mass. The complexes were investigated by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry (TG). In all investigated ratios of AP/PIA glassy transparent films with a uniform structure were obtained. The results of elemental analysis confirmed the composition of the complexes, and FTIR spectroscopy has shown carboxylic and amide peak shifting, indicating complex formation between AP and PIA. Comparison of thermograms of AP/PIA films with different ratios of AP indicated that the increase of the amount of AP increases the thermal stability of the films by retarding the onset of the main degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra R Nesic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, Belgrade RS-11001, Serbia.
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A clone-based transcriptomics approach for the identification of genes relevant for itaconic acid production in Aspergillus. Fungal Genet Biol 2011; 48:602-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dowdells C, Jones RL, Mattey M, Bencina M, Legisa M, Mousdale DM. Gluconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:252-7. [PMID: 20618892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aspergillus terreus produces itaconic acid at low pH but lovastatin and other secondary metabolites at higher pH in the fermentation. The utilization of glucose as a carbon substrate was investigated for secondary metabolite production by A. terreus. METHODS AND RESULTS With a starting pH of 6.5, glucose was rapidly metabolized to gluconic acid by the wild-type strain and by transformants harbouring Aspergillus niger genes encoding 6-phosphofructo-1-kinases with superior kinetic and regulatory properties for bioproduction of metabolites from glucose. On exhaustion of the glucose in batch fermentations, the accumulated gluconic acid was utilized as a carbon source. CONCLUSIONS A novel pathway of glucose catabolism was demonstrated in A. terreus, a species whose wild type is, without any strain development, capable of producing gluconic acid at high molar conversion efficiency (up to 0.7 mol mol(-1) glucose consumed). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Aspergillus terreus is a potential novel producer organism for gluconic acid, a compound with many uses as a bulk chemical. With a new knowledge of glucose catabolism by A. terreus, fermentation strategies for secondary metabolite production can be devised with glucose feeding using feedback regulation by pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dowdells
- beòcarta Ltd., Royal College Building, Glasgow, UK
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Tevž G, Benčina M, Legiša M. Enhancing itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1657-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate(10) Sulfoitaconate Esters. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-010-1201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Veličković SJ, Džunuzović ES, Griffiths PC, Lacik I, Filipović J, Popović IG. Polymerization of itaconic acid initiated by a potassium persulfate/N,N-dimethylethanolamine system. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tzeng YM, Rao Y, Tsay KJ, Wu WS. Effect of cultivation conditions on spore production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B128 and its antagonism to Botrytis elliptica. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1275-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lai LST, Tsai TH, Wang TC, Cheng TY. The influence of culturing environments on lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus in submerged cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park JP, Kim YM, Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Cho YJ, Lee YS, Song CH, Yun JW. Effect of agitation intensity on the exo-biopolymer production and mycelial morphology in Cordyceps militaris. Lett Appl Microbiol 2002; 34:433-8. [PMID: 12028425 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The influence of agitation intensity on Cordyceps militaris morphology and exo-biopolymer production was investigated in a 5 litre stirred vessel using a six-blade Rushton turbine impeller. METHODS AND RESULTS The mycelial morphology of C. militaris was characterized by means of image analysis, which included mean diameter, circularity, roughness and compactness of the pellets. The morphological parameters of the pellets grown under different stirring conditions were significantly different, which correspondingly altered exo-biopolymer production yields. CONCLUSIONS The compactness of the pellets was found to be the most critical parameter affecting exo-biopolymer biosynthesis; more compact pellets were formed at 150 rev min(-1) with maximum exo-biopolymer production (15 g l(-1)). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study suggest that morphological change of pellets is a good indicator for identifying the cell activity for exo-biopolymer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Taegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Korea
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