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Kushawaha AK, Dasgupta I. Infectivity of cloned begomoviral DNAs: an appraisal. Virusdisease 2018; 30:13-21. [PMID: 31143828 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectivity of cloned begomoviral DNAs is an important criterion to establish the etiology of the disease it causes, to study viral gene functions and host-virus interactions. Three main methods have been employed to study infectivity; mechanical inoculation with cloned viral DNA using abrasives, Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation (agroinoculation) of cloned viral DNA and bombardment using microprojectiles coated with cloned viral DNA (biolistics). Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and the adoption of one over the other for demonstrating infectivity depends on various factors. This review compares the various features associated with the above three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Kushawaha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
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Ye J, Qu J, Mao HZ, Ma ZG, Rahman NEB, Bai C, Chen W, Jiang SY, Ramachandran S, Chua NH. Engineering geminivirus resistance in Jatropha curcus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:149. [PMID: 25352912 PMCID: PMC4210599 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcus is a good candidate plant for biodiesel production in tropical and subtropical regions. However, J. curcus is susceptible to the geminivirus Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV), and frequent viral disease outbreaks severely limit productivity. Therefore the development of J. curcus to carry on durable virus resistance remains crucial and poses a major biotechnological challenge. RESULTS We generated transgenic J. curcus plants expressing a hairpin, double-stranded (ds) RNA with sequences homologous to five key genes of ICMV-Dha strain DNA-A, which silences sequence-related viral genes thereby conferring ICMV resistance. Two rounds of virus inoculation were conducted via vacuum infiltration of ICMV-Dha. The durability and heritability of resistance conferred by the dsRNA was further tested to ascertain that T1 progeny transgenic plants were resistant to the ICMV-SG strain, which shared 94.5% nucleotides identity with the ICMV-Dha strain. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that resistant transgenic lines had no detectable virus. CONCLUSIONS In this study we developed transgenic J. curcus plants to include a resistance to prevailing geminiviruses in Asia. These virus-resistant transgenic J. curcus plants can be used in various Jatropha breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jing Qu
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Hui-Zhu Mao
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Zhi-Gang Ma
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Nur Estya Binte Rahman
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Chao Bai
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Wen Chen
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Shu-Ye Jiang
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- />Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Moreno I, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H. Reference genes for reliable potyvirus quantitation in cassava and analysis of Cassava brown streak virus load in host varieties. J Virol Methods 2011; 177:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vanderschuren H, Akbergenov R, Pooggin MM, Hohn T, Gruissem W, Zhang P. Transgenic cassava resistance to African cassava mosaic virus is enhanced by viral DNA-A bidirectional promoter-derived siRNAs. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:549-57. [PMID: 17492253 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) homologous to virus sequences can effectively interfere with RNA virus infection in plant cells by triggering RNA silencing. Here we applied this approach against a DNA virus, African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), in its natural host cassava. Transgenic cassava plants were developed to express small interfering RNAs (siRNA) from a CaMV 35S promoter-controlled, intron-containing dsRNA cognate to the common region-containing bidirectional promoter of ACMV DNA-A. In two of three independent transgenic lines, accelerated plant recovery from ACMV-NOg infection was observed, which correlates with the presence of transgene-derived siRNAs 21-24 nt in length. Overall, cassava mosaic disease symptoms were dramatically attenuated in these two lines and less viral DNA accumulation was detected in their leaves than in those of wild-type plants. In a transient replication assay using leaf disks from the two transgenic lines, strongly reduced accumulation of viral single-stranded DNA was observed. Our study suggests that a natural RNA silencing mechanism targeting DNA viruses through production of virus-derived siRNAs is turned on earlier and more efficiently in transgenic plants expressing dsRNA cognate to the viral promoter and common region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Vanderschuren
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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Bull SE, Briddon RW, Sserubombwe WS, Ngugi K, Markham PG, Stanley J. Infectivity, pseudorecombination and mutagenesis of Kenyan cassava mosaic begomoviruses. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1624-1633. [PMID: 17412996 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components of Kenyan isolates of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV, EACMV-UG and EACMV-KE2), East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV) and East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) are shown to be infectious in cassava. EACMV and EACMKV genomic components have the same iteron sequence (GGGGG) and can form viable pseudorecombinants, while EACMZV components have a different sequence (GGAGA) and are incompatible with EACMV and EACMKV. Mutagenesis of EACMZV has demonstrated that open reading frames (ORFs) AV1 (encoding the coat protein), AV2 and AC4 are not essential for a symptomatic infection of cassava, although mutants of both ORF AV1 and AV2 produce attenuated symptoms in this host. Furthermore, ORF AV1 and AV2 mutants were compromised for coat protein production, suggesting a close structural and/or functional relationship between these coding regions or their protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Bull
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - William S Sserubombwe
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kahiu Ngugi
- Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Katumani Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, PO Box 340, Machakos, Kenya
| | - Peter G Markham
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - John Stanley
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre (JIC), Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Ariyo OA, Atiri GI, Dixon AGO, Winter S. The use of biolistic inoculation of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in screening cassava for resistance to cassava mosaic disease. J Virol Methods 2006; 137:43-50. [PMID: 16839615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inoculation of cassava with infectious clones of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (Geminiviridae: Begomovirus) and total DNA extracts from plants infected with well-characterised viruses was evaluated using the Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun System. Total DNA extracts from infected plants and cloned viruses were produced for coating gold particles and bombardment onto new cassava genotypes, 96/1089A, 96/1039, 96/0160, 96/0304 and three local landraces TME 117, TME 3 and TME 4. Cloned DNA of a Kenyan isolate of the recombinant variant of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV-UG2-[Ka]), was only infectious to TME 117 (7/10 plants), 3 weeks post-inoculation with mild infection symptoms in the newly developing leaves. Biolistic inoculation with a chimeric pseudorecombinant virus between DNA A and B components from EACMV-[Ke-Kilifi] and EACMV-UG2-[Ka], respectively, was infectious to TME 117, 96/1039 and 96/0304 and developed very severe and persistent symptoms. TME 3 and TME 4 also developed symptoms, 12 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.). Total DNA extracts of ACMV and EACMV-[Ke-Kilifi] resulted in serious infections with symptoms already evident, 10d.p.i. In general, biolistic inoculation trials with total DNA extracts resulted in a higher number of infected plants expressing symptoms at a much earlier stage (10-12d.p.i.) compared with trials inoculated with virus clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Ariyo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Zhang P, Vanderschuren H, Fütterer J, Gruissem W. Resistance to cassava mosaic disease in transgenic cassava expressing antisense RNAs targeting virus replication genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:385-97. [PMID: 17173627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) is a major contributor to cassava mosaic disease (CMD), the economically most important and devastating disease of cassava in Africa. We have developed transgenic cassava plants with increased ACMV resistance using improved antisense RNA technology by targeting the viral mRNAs of Rep (AC1), TrAP (AC2) and REn (AC3). Viral DNA replication assays in detached leaves demonstrated that replication of two ACMV isolates was strongly reduced or inhibited in most transgenic lines. After ACMV infection of plants using biolistic inoculation, several lines remained symptomless at lower infection pressure (100 ng viral DNA/plant). Symptom development was reduced and attenuated even at higher DNA doses. Transgenic ACMV-resistant plants had significantly reduced viral DNA accumulation in their infected leaves. Short sense and antisense RNAs specific to AC1 were identified in transgenic lines expressing AC1 antisense RNA, suggesting that the short RNAs mediate interference by post-transcriptional gene silencing. Our results demonstrate that resistance to ACMV infection of cassava can be achieved with high efficacy by expressing antisense RNAs against viral mRNAs encoding essential non-structural proteins, providing a new tool to combat CMD in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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