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Zhao Y, Meng D, Ma X, Guo J, Zhu L, Fu Y, Mu L. Examining the relationship between bedtime procrastination and personality traits in Chinese college students: the mediating role of self-regulation skills. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:432-438. [PMID: 35157561 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2038179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Personality traits are commonly used to explain individual differences in procrastinatory behavior. This study aims to examine the relationship between bedtime procrastination (BP) and personality traits, and to understand the role of self-regulation skills in this relationship. Participants: We recruited 294 college students. Methods: Data were collected through standardized questionnaires to evaluate BP, personality traits, and self-control (a main indicator of self-regulation skills). Results: Correlation analysis showed that BP was positively correlated with the psychoticism and neuroticism dimensions of Eysenck's personality. Hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling analyses further revealed that psychoticism and neuroticism predicted BP directly and indirectly via self-control. Conclusions: BP has a significant relationship with Eysenck's personality traits, particularly, with some dimensions that directly and indirectly predict BP through self-regulation skills. Therefore, individualized intervention strategies based on personality traits and self-regulation skills should be integrated in measures used to reduce BP behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Li Mu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
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Padrell M, Amici F, Úbeda Ý, Llorente M. Assessing Eysenck's PEN model to describe personality in chimpanzees. Behav Processes 2023:104909. [PMID: 37364625 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Questionnaires adapted from human models can be used to reliably assess personality also in non-human primates. In this study, we used an adapted version of Eysenck's Psychoticism-Extraversion-Neuroticism (PEN) model that focuses on three higher-order personality traits. Extending previous work on a small group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), we tested 37 chimpanzees housed at Fundació Mona (Girona, Spain) and the Leipzig Zoo (Germany). We assessed personality with a 12-item questionnaire, which raters scored using a 7-point Likert scale. To identify the personality traits, we conducted data reduction with Principal Components Analysis and Robust Unweighted Least Squares. The ICCs for the single (3, 1) and average (3, k) ratings indicated substantial agreement between raters. Parallel analyses identified two factors to retain, whereas the scree plot inspection and eigenvalues larger than one rule identified three factors. Factor 1 and 2 in our study were identical to the ones previously described for this species (labelled Extraversion and Neuropsychoticism, respectively) and we also obtained a third factor that could be related to Dominance (Fearless Dominance). Thus, our results confirm the potential of the PEN model to describe chimpanzee personality structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Padrell
- Departament de Psicologia, Facultat d'Educació i Psicologia, Universitat de Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain; Research Department, Fundació Mona, 17457 Girona, Spain.
| | - Federica Amici
- Human Biology and Primate Cognition Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ýulán Úbeda
- Departament de Psicologia, Facultat d'Educació i Psicologia, Universitat de Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Llorente
- Departament de Psicologia, Facultat d'Educació i Psicologia, Universitat de Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain.
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Jawinski P, Markett S, Sander C, Huang J, Ulke C, Hegerl U, Hensch T. The Big Five Personality Traits and Brain Arousal in the Resting State. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101272. [PMID: 34679337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101272/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on Eysenck's biopsychological trait theory, brain arousal has long been considered to explain individual differences in human personality. Yet, results from empirical studies remained inconclusive. However, most published results have been derived from small samples and, despite inherent limitations, EEG alpha power has usually served as an exclusive indicator for brain arousal. To overcome these problems, we here selected N = 468 individuals of the LIFE-Adult cohort and investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and brain arousal by using the validated EEG- and EOG-based analysis tool VIGALL. Our analyses revealed that participants who reported higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience, respectively, exhibited lower levels of brain arousal in the resting state. Bayesian and frequentist analysis results were especially convincing for openness to experience. Among the lower-order personality traits, we obtained the strongest evidence for neuroticism facet 'impulsivity' and reduced brain arousal. In line with this, both impulsivity and openness have previously been conceptualized as aspects of extraversion. We regard our findings as well in line with the postulations of Eysenck and consistent with the recently proposed 'arousal regulation model'. Our results also agree with meta-analytically derived effect sizes in the field of individual differences research, highlighting the need for large (collaborative) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jawinski
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Sander
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Ulke
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilman Hensch
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology, IU International University of Applied Science, 99084 Erfurt, Germany
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Jawinski P, Markett S, Sander C, Huang J, Ulke C, Hegerl U, Hensch T. The Big Five Personality Traits and Brain Arousal in the Resting State. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101272. [PMID: 34679337 PMCID: PMC8533901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on Eysenck's biopsychological trait theory, brain arousal has long been considered to explain individual differences in human personality. Yet, results from empirical studies remained inconclusive. However, most published results have been derived from small samples and, despite inherent limitations, EEG alpha power has usually served as an exclusive indicator for brain arousal. To overcome these problems, we here selected N = 468 individuals of the LIFE-Adult cohort and investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and brain arousal by using the validated EEG- and EOG-based analysis tool VIGALL. Our analyses revealed that participants who reported higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience, respectively, exhibited lower levels of brain arousal in the resting state. Bayesian and frequentist analysis results were especially convincing for openness to experience. Among the lower-order personality traits, we obtained the strongest evidence for neuroticism facet 'impulsivity' and reduced brain arousal. In line with this, both impulsivity and openness have previously been conceptualized as aspects of extraversion. We regard our findings as well in line with the postulations of Eysenck and consistent with the recently proposed 'arousal regulation model'. Our results also agree with meta-analytically derived effect sizes in the field of individual differences research, highlighting the need for large (collaborative) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jawinski
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany;
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (C.U.); (U.H.); (T.H.)
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-2093-9391
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Sander
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (C.U.); (U.H.); (T.H.)
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christine Ulke
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (C.U.); (U.H.); (T.H.)
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (C.U.); (U.H.); (T.H.)
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilman Hensch
- LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (C.U.); (U.H.); (T.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Psychology, IU International University of Applied Science, 99084 Erfurt, Germany
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Personality predictors of creative achievement and lawbreaking behavior. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis article investigates how Big Five personality traits are related to creative achievements and lawbreaking behavior in a large sample (N = 1669) of Polish adults. Structural equation modelling with personality modelled as a bi-factor structure demonstrated a weak, yet significant link (r = .21) between latent factors of creative achievements and lawbreaking behavior. A general factor of personality was unrelated to creative achievement, but negatively linked to lawbreaking behavior. Lawbreaking behavior was also negatively predicted by conscientiousness and agreeableness, while only openness positively predicted creative achievement. A person-centered analysis illustrated three distinct personality profiles: resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled that differed in both lawbreaking behavior and creative achievements.
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Personality Disturbances in Melancholic and Nonmelancholic Unipolar Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:810-817. [PMID: 33002936 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although melancholic depression has been associated with a more adequate premorbid personality style, the empirical evidence supporting this statement is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyzed studies comparing the presence of personality disturbances in melancholic and nonmelancholic subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). We defined a) a continuous outcome, defining personality traits as a dimensional construct, and b) a dichotomous outcome, defined as the presence/absence of personality disorders (PD). We also evaluated the role of potential moderators. Our results showed significantly higher levels of neuroticism and interpersonal sensitivity, and a higher likelihood of presenting a PD in nonmelancholic depression. No significant differences were found for extraversion. The scarcity of studies and high heterogeneity were among our limitations. In conclusion, personality disturbances seem to be overrepresented in nonmelancholic MDD. The assessment of personality disturbances can be useful in clinical practice and in the study of MDD heterogeneity.
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Colledani D, Anselmi P, Robusto E. Development of a new abbreviated form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised with multidimensional item response theory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Colledani D, Anselmi P, Robusto E. Using Item Response Theory for the Development of a New Short Form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1834. [PMID: 30356840 PMCID: PMC6190847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims at developing a new version of the short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, which includes Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Lie scales (48 items, 12 per scale). The work consists of two studies. In the first one, an item response theory model was estimated on the responses of 590 individuals to the full-length version of the questionnaire (100 items). The analyses allowed the selection of 48 items well discriminating and distributed along the latent continuum of each trait, and without misfit and differential item functioning. In the second study, the functioning of the new form of the questionnaire was evaluated in a different sample of 300 individuals. Results of the two studies show that reliability of the four scales is better than, or equal to that of the original forms. The new version outperforms the original one in approximating scores of the full-length questionnaire. Moreover, convergent validity coefficients and relations with clinical constructs were consistent with literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Colledani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Colledani D, Robusto E, Anselmi P. Development of a new abbreviated form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Exploring neuroticism and extraversion in flow and user generated content consumption. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Psychoticism and Disruptive Behavior can be also Good Predictors of School Achievement. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 16:E13. [DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relations of Gf (Standard Progressive Matrices Raven), Gc (verbal scale of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Version), personality dimensions (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior Version), and disruptive behavior (TDAH scale) with school achievement (measured by TDE test and PISA test) were investigated. Two samples of students (total N = 534) representing a broad range of socioeconomic status (SES) participated in this study. Path models were conducted. The results demonstrated that (1) in both samples no sex differences related to school achievement were found; (2) in the first sample, after controlling for age and SES differences, Gf and psychoticism predicted (.38 and −.13, respectively) school achievement (measured by TDE test); (3) in the second sample, after controlling for SES differences to which additional measures were administered, Gf and Gc positively predicted (.22 and .40, respectively) school achievement (measured by PISA test). In addition, psychoticism and disruptive behavior also predicted school performance (−.14 and −.28, respectively). Some theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Verhulst B, Eaves LJ, Hatemi PK. Correlation not causation: the relationship between personality traits and political ideologies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 2012; 56:34-51. [PMID: 22400142 PMCID: PMC3809096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The assumption in the personality and politics literature is that a person's personality motivates them to develop certain political attitudes later in life. This assumption is founded on the simple correlation between the two constructs and the observation that personality traits are genetically influenced and develop in infancy, whereas political preferences develop later in life. Work in psychology, behavioral genetics, and recently political science, however, has demonstrated that political preferences also develop in childhood and are equally influenced by genetic factors. These findings cast doubt on the assumed causal relationship between personality and politics. Here we test the causal relationship between personality traits and political attitudes using a direction of causation structural model on a genetically informative sample. The results suggest that personality traits do not cause people to develop political attitudes; rather, the correlation between the two is a function of an innate common underlying genetic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Verhulst
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298-980003
| | - Lindon J. Eaves
- Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA 23298-980003
| | - Peter K. Hatemi
- The Pennsylvania State University and Research Fellow at the United States Studies Centre, University of Sydney, 307 Pond Lab, University Park, PA 16802
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Factor analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire using polychoric correlations in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11135-007-9085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aluja A, Garcı́a Ó, Garcı́a LF. Replicability of the three, four and five Zuckerman's personality super-factors: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the EPQ-RS, ZKPQ and NEO-PI-R. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saggino A, Balsamo M. Relationship between WAIS-R intelligence and the five-factor model of personality in a normal elderly sample. Psychol Rep 2003; 92:1151-61. [PMID: 12931934 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) scores and the five-factor model of personality, as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Both tests were administered to a nonclinical sample of 100 Italian subjects 75 years and older. Analysis showed that the NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience domain was a weak but the best predictor of the three WAIS-R intelligence scores (Total, Verbal, and Performance). Were such a relationship confirmed by further investigations, Openness could be interpreted as a factor which might mitigate intellectual impoverishment which accompanies the normal aging process.
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SAGGINO ARISTIDE. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAIS-R INTELLIGENCE AND THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY IN A NORMAL ELDERLY SAMPLE. Psychol Rep 2003. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.92.3.1151-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Moosbrugger H, Fischbach A. Evaluating the dimensionality of the Eysenck Personality Profiler—German version (EPP-D)☆. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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