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Laumay F, Corvaglia AR, Diene SM, Girard M, Oechslin F, van der Mee-Marquet N, Entenza JM, François P. Temperate Prophages Increase Bacterial Adhesin Expression and Virulence in an Experimental Model of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus aureus From the CC398 Lineage. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:742. [PMID: 31105650 PMCID: PMC6492496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Until 2007, Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex 398 (CC398) was exclusively associated with livestock species and companion animals. Recently, several studies described the emergence of S. aureus CC398 as etiologies of severe infections in humans living in an animal-free environment. Recent sequencing efforts showed that the mobile genetic elements found in CC398 isolates were specific for each population and enabled differentiation of strains responsible for asymptomatic colonization from strains involved in bloodstream infections. We mobilized prophages from a human CC398 isolate and introduced them into two naïve ancestral isolates devoid of prophages that exclusively colonize animals. These lysogenized ancestral CC398 isolates acquired features related to virulence, such as an increased capacity to adhere to human extracellular matrix proteins and the ability to invade and survive within non-phagocytic cells. Pathogenicity of several clinical isolates from the CC398 lineage as well as ancestral and in vitro lysogenized ancestral counterparts was assessed in a model of infectious endocarditis in rats. Natural and artificial lysogens were not only more invasive than their prophage-free parent but also showed an increased capacity to multiply within aortic vegetations. This study identified prophages as mediators of bacterial virulence in a model of infectious endocarditis, probably through promotion of interaction with extracellular matrix components. Further studies are needed to identify mechanisms leading to promotion of intrinsic virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Laumay
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Medical University Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Rita Corvaglia
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Medical University Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Medical University Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Oechslin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - José Manuel Entenza
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Medical University Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Andreoni F, Toyofuku M, Menzi C, Kalawong R, Mairpady Shambat S, François P, Zinkernagel AS, Eberl L. Antibiotics Stimulate Formation of Vesicles in Staphylococcus aureus in both Phage-Dependent and -Independent Fashions and via Different Routes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e01439-18. [PMID: 30509943 PMCID: PMC6355553 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01439-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicle research has so far focused mainly on Gram-negative bacteria. Only recently have Gram-positive bacteria been demonstrated to produce and release extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) that contribute to bacterial virulence. Although treatment of bacteria with antibiotics is a well-established trigger of bacterial MV formation, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we show that antibiotics can induce MVs through different routes in the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus DNA-damaging agents and antibiotics inducing the SOS response triggered vesicle formation in lysogenic strains of S. aureus but not in their phage-devoid counterparts. The β-lactam antibiotics flucloxacillin and ceftaroline increased vesicle formation in a prophage-independent manner by weakening the peptidoglycan layer. We present evidence that the amount of DNA associated with MVs formed by phage lysis is greater than that for MVs formed by β-lactam antibiotic-induced blebbing. The purified MVs derived from S. aureus protected the bacteria from challenge with daptomycin, a membrane-targeting antibiotic, both in vitro and ex vivo in whole blood. In addition, the MVs protected S. aureus from killing in whole blood, indicating that antibiotic-induced MVs function as a decoy and thereby contribute to the survival of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Andreoni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Menzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ratchara Kalawong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Laboratoire de Recherche Génomique, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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van der Mee-Marquet N, Corvaglia AR, Valentin AS, Hernandez D, Bertrand X, Girard M, Kluytmans J, Donnio PY, Quentin R, François P. Analysis of prophages harbored by the human-adapted subpopulation of Staphylococcus aureus CC398. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 18:299-308. [PMID: 23770143 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 is a livestock-associated pathogen that poses a worldwide threat because of its ability to colonize and infect both humans and animals. We used high-resolution whole-genome microarrays, prophage profiling, immune evasion cluster characterization and whole-genome sequencing to investigate the roles of prophages in the emerging human-adapted subpopulation of CC398 that has been associated with invasive infections in humans living in animal-free environments. We characterized one phage and two prophages specifically harbored by CC398 isolates belonging to the emerging subpopulation. We introduced the phage into permissive prophage-free isolates. We investigated the effects of lysogeny on the host ability to resist further phage infection and transformation, to acquire the capacity to invade human cells, and to express virulence factors encoded by prophages. We report evidence of a defective ϕMR11-like helper prophage, named StauST398-5pro, specifically associated with the emerging non-LA CC398 subpopulation. StauST398-5pro confers substantial protection against horizontal genetic transfer to its host. It interacts with a human-associated β-converting prophage encoding immune-modulating proteins such that virulence genes are expressed during stress situations. Our findings provide insight into the role of phages in the expression of virulence and in the spread of genetic information among new host-adapted S. aureus isolates. We demonstrate that functional prophage elements can condition host specificity and confer new virulence traits on emerging intra-species clones of bacteria.
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Wildemauwe C, De Brouwer D, Godard C, Buyssens P, Dewit J, Joseph R, Vanhoof R. The use of spa and phage typing for characterization of a MRSA population in a Belgian hospital: Comparison between 2002 and 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:70-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Donlan RM. Preventing biofilms of clinically relevant organisms using bacteriophage. Trends Microbiol 2009; 17:66-72. [PMID: 19162482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms might result in healthcare-associated infections and substantially impact healthcare delivery. Bacteriophage (phage) has been used to treat infectious diseases in humans and there is interest in phage to control biofilms. Phages propagate in their bacterial host and many phages produce depolymerases that hydrolyze biofilm extracellular polymers. Drawbacks of phage to consider include narrow host range, bacterial resistance to phage and phage-encoded virulence genes that can incorporate into the host bacterial genome. The immune system might inactivate phage, and impure phage preparations could contain endotoxin. Phage mixtures or engineered phages could provide effective strategies to overcome these obstacles. Lytic bacteriophages could become a new class of anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney M Donlan
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop C-16, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Narukawa M, Yasuoka A, Note R, Funada H. Sequence-Based spa Typing as a Rapid Screening Method for the Areal and Nosocomial Outbreaks of MRSA. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 218:207-13. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.218.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Yasuoka
- Department of Clinical infectious diseases, University of Toyama
| | - Ryougo Note
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toyama University Hospital
| | - Hisashi Funada
- Department of Clinical infectious diseases, University of Toyama
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Ruppitsch W, Stöger A, Braun O, Strommenger B, Nübel U, Wewalka G, Allerberger F. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: occurrence of a new spa type in two acute care hospitals in Austria. J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:316-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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