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Baati T, Ben Brahim M, Salek A, Selmi M, Njim L, Umek P, Aouane A, Hammami M, Hosni K. Flumequine-loaded titanate nanotubes as antibacterial agents for aquaculture farms. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5953-5963. [PMID: 35424545 PMCID: PMC8981844 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flumequine (FLUM), a quinolone-derived antibiotic is one of the most prescribed drugs in aquaculture farms. However, its intensive use becomes worrisome because of its environmental risks and the emergence of FLUM-resistant bacteria. To overcome these problems we propose in this study the encapsulation and the delivery of FLUM by titanate nanotubes (TiNTs). Optimal FLUM loading was reached by suspending the dehydrated powder nanomaterials (FLUM : TiNTs ratio = 1 : 5) in ethanol. The drug entrapment efficiency was calculated to be 80% approximately with a sustained release in PBS at 37 °C up to 5 days. Then FLUM@TiNTs was evaluated for both its in vitro drug release and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Spectacularly high antibacterial activity compared to those of free FLUM antibiotic was obtained confirming the efficiency of TiNTs to protect FLUM from rapid degradation and transformation within bacteria improving thereby its antibacterial effect. Indeed FLUM@TiNTs was efficient to decrease gradually the bacterial viability to reach ≈5% after 5 days versus ≈75% with free FLUM. Finally, the ex vivo permeation experiments on sea bass (Dicentrachus labrax) intestine shows that TiNTs act to increase the intestinal permeation of FLUM during the experiment. Indeed the encapsulated FLUM flux increased 12 fold (1.46 μg cm2 h−1) compared to the free antibiotic (0.18 μg cm2 h−1). Thanks to its physical properties (diameter 10 nm, tubular shape…) and its high stability in the simulated intestinal medium, TiNTs are easy internalized by enterocytes, thus involving an endocytosis mechanism, and then improve intestinal permeation of FLUM. Taken together, FLUM@TiNTs hold potential as an effective approach for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of FLUM and pave the way not only for future pharmacokinetic studies in the treatment and targeting of fish infections but also for instating of novel strategies that overcome the challenges associated with the abusive use of antibiotics in fish farming. Flumequine (FLUM), a quinolone-derived antibiotic is one of the most prescribed drugs in aquaculture farms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Baati
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
| | - Mounir Ben Brahim
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
| | - Abir Salek
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
| | - Mouna Selmi
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
| | - Leila Njim
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU de Monastir, Université de Monastir Tunisia
| | - Polona Umek
- Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Aicha Aouane
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique, IBDML campus Luminy Marseille 13000 France
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
| | - Karim Hosni
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique, Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020 Tunisia +216 71 537 666
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Vllasaliu D, Shubber S, Garnett M, Alexander C, Eaton M, Stolnik S. Evaluation of calcium depletion as a strategy for enhancement of mucosal absorption of macromolecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cakir-Kiefer C, Miclo L, Balandras F, Dary A, Soligot C, Le Roux Y. Transport across Caco-2 cell monolayer and sensitivity to hydrolysis of two anxiolytic peptides from αs1-casein, α-casozepine, and αs1-casein-f91-97: effect of bile salts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11956-11965. [PMID: 21981611 DOI: 10.1021/jf202890e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
α-Casozepine and f91-97, peptides from α(s1)-casein, display anxiolytic activity in rats and may have to cross the intestinal epithelium to exert this central effect. We evaluated their resistance to hydrolysis by the peptidases of Caco-2 cells and their ability to cross the cell monolayer. To mimic physiological conditions, two preparations of bile salts were used in noncytotoxic concentrations: porcine bile extract and an equimolar mixture of taurocholate, cholate, and deoxycholate. The presence and composition of bile salts appeared to modulate the peptidase activities of the Caco-2 cells involved (i) in the hydrolysis of α-casozepine, leading to much higher formation of fragments f91-99, f91-98, and f91-97, and (ii) in the hydrolysis of f91-97, leading to lower degradation of this peptide. Transport of α-casozepine across Caco-2 monolayer increased significantly, in the presence of bile extract, and of fragment f91-97, in the presence of bile salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cakir-Kiefer
- Unité de Recherche, Animal & Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA)-Équipe, Protéolyse & Biofonctionnalités des Protéines et des Peptides, Nancy-Université, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Werle M, Schmitz T, Huang HL, Wentzel A, Kolmar H, Bernkop-Schnürch A. The potential of cystine-knot microproteins as novel pharmacophoric scaffolds in oral peptide drug delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 14:137-46. [PMID: 16753827 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600648254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, the potential of three clinically relevant microproteins (SE-AG-AZ, SE-EM and SE-EP) with cystine-knot architecture as pharmacophoric scaffolds for oral peptide delivery was investigated. Cystine-knot microproteins (CKM) were analysed regarding their stability towards the most important gastrointestinal secreted and membrane bound proteases in physiological concentrations. In addition, their permeation behaviour through freshly excised rat intestinal mucosa as well as important parameters such as aggregation behaviour, stability in rat plasma and isoelectric point were evaluated and compared to the properties of the model peptide drugs bacitracin and insulin. Aggregation studies indicate that under physiological conditions between 25 and 70% of the CKMs occur as monomers, whereas the rest forms di- and trimers. Pepsin and elastase cause no or only minor degradation to CKMs, whereas trypsin and chymotrypsin degrade CKMs extensively. Removing the theoretical chymotrypsin cleavage site from a CKM, however, led to stabilization towards this protease. Two of the three evaluated CKMs are stable against membrane bound proteases. P(app) values were determined to be 5.96 +/- 0.98 x 10(-6) and 6.63 +/- 0.47 x 10(-6) cm/s. In conclusion, this study indicates that CKM are promising novel pharmacophoric scaffolds for oral peptide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Werle
- ThioMatrix GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck, Mitterweg 24, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bravo-Osuna I, Vauthier C, Chacun H, Ponchel G. Specific permeability modulation of intestinal paracellular pathway by chitosan-poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 69:436-44. [PMID: 18395430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work is focused on the evaluation of the in vitro permeation modulation of chitosan and thiolated chitosan (chitosan-TBA) coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles as drug carriers for mucosal administration. Core-corona nanoparticles were obtained by radical emulsion polymerisation of isobutylcyanoacrylate (IBCA) with chitosan of different molecular weights and different proportions of chitosan/chitosan-TBA. In this work, the effect of these nanoparticles on the paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelium was investigated using the Ussing chamber technique, by adding nanoparticle suspensions in the mucosal side of rat intestinal mucosa. Results showed that permeation of the tracer [14C]mannitol and the reduction of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in presence of nanoparticles were more pronounced in those formulations prepared with intermediate amounts of thiolated polymer. This effect was explained thanks to the high diffusion capacity of those nanoparticles through the mucus layer that allowed them to reach the tight junctions in higher extent. It was concluded that, although a first contact between nanoparticles and mucus was a mandatory condition for the development of a permeation enhancement effect, the optimal effect depended on the chitosan/chitosan-TBA balance and the conformational structure of the particles shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bravo-Osuna
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie, Université Paris Sud, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Föger F, Kopf A, Loretz B, Albrecht K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Correlation of in vitro and in vivo models for the oral absorption of peptide drugs. Amino Acids 2007; 35:233-41. [PMID: 17726639 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate two in vitro models, Caco-2 monolayer and rat intestinal mucosa, regarding their linear correlation with in vivo bioavailability data of therapeutic peptide drugs after oral administration in rat and human. Furthermore the impact of molecular mass (Mm) of the according peptides on their permeability was evaluated. Transport experiments with commercially available water soluble peptide drugs were conducted using Caco-2 cell monolayer grown on transwell filter membranes and with freshly excised rat intestinal mucosa mounted in Using type chambers. Apparent permeability coefficients (P (app)) were calculated and compared with in vivo data derived from the literature. It was shown that, besides a few exceptions, the Mm of peptides linearly correlates with permeability across rat intestinal mucosa (R (2) = 0.86; y = -196.22x + 1354.24), with rat oral bioavailability (R (2) = 0.64; y = -401.90x + 1268.86) as well as with human oral bioavailability (R (2) = 0.91; y = -359.43x + 1103.83). Furthermore it was shown that P (app) values of investigated hydrophilic peptides across Caco-2 monolayer displayed lower permeability than across rat intestinal mucosa. A correlation between P (app) values across rat intestinal mucosa and in vivo oral bioavailability in human (R (2) = 0.98; y = 2.11x + 0.34) attests the rat in vitro model to be a very useful prediction model for human oral bioavailability of hydrophilic peptide drugs. Presented correlations encourage the use of the rat in vitro model for the prediction of human oral bioavailabilities of hydrophilic peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Föger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bravo-Osuna I, Millotti G, Vauthier C, Ponchel G. In vitro evaluation of calcium binding capacity of chitosan and thiolated chitosan poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2007; 338:284-90. [PMID: 17367968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of chitosan and its derivatives to bind cations is well known. Chitosan and thiolated chitosan were recently associated with poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles leading to very promising results in terms of bioadhesion and permeation enhancement properties. Taking into account the influence that cations concentration have in the maintenance of both the permeation and the enzymatic barrier of the oral route, the possible cation binding capacity of these colloidal systems might be interesting in the use of these nanocarriers for the oral administration of pharmacologically active peptides. The aim of the present work was to in vitro evaluate the capacity of these colloidal systems to bind calcium, a model cation of physiological interest in the intestinal tract. The presence of chitosan on the nanoparticle surface importantly increased the calcium binding ability, in comparison to non-coated PIBCA nanoparticles. In addition, its presentation in the gel layer surrounding the nanoparticles, also beneficiated its binding capacity, obtaining 2-3 folds higher values when the polymer coated the nanoparticles than when it was in solution. The cross-linked structure observed for thiolated chitosan, due to the formation of inter- and intra-chain disulphide bonds, diminished the accessibility of cation to active sites of the polymer, decreasing the binding capacity of the calcium ion. However, when the amount of free thiol groups on the nanoparticle surface was high enough, the binding behaviour observed was higher than for nanoparticles elaborated with non-modified polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bravo-Osuna
- CNRS UMR 8612, Université de Paris Sud, Laboratoire de Physicochimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie 5, Rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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van der Lely AJ, Tschöp M, Heiman ML, Ghigo E. Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocr Rev 2004; 25:426-57. [PMID: 15180951 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. Ghrelin displays strong GH-releasing activity. This activity is mediated by the activation of the so-called GH secretagogue receptor type 1a. This receptor had been shown to be specific for a family of synthetic, peptidyl and nonpeptidyl GH secretagogues. Apart from a potent GH-releasing action, ghrelin has other activities including stimulation of lactotroph and corticotroph function, influence on the pituitary gonadal axis, stimulation of appetite, control of energy balance, influence on sleep and behavior, control of gastric motility and acid secretion, and influence on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function as well as on glucose metabolism. Cardiovascular actions and modulation of proliferation of neoplastic cells, as well as of the immune system, are other actions of ghrelin. Therefore, we consider ghrelin a gastrointestinal peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of the gut-brain axis. So, there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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