1
|
Wołkow PP, Bujak-Giżycka B, Jawień J, Olszanecki R, Madej J, Rutowski J, Korbut R. Exogenous Angiotensin I Metabolism in Aorta Isolated from Streptozotocin Treated Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4846819. [PMID: 27803936 PMCID: PMC5075625 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4846819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Products of angiotensin (ANG) I metabolism may predispose to vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Methods. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg i.p.). Rat aorta fragments, isolated 4 weeks later, were pretreated with perindoprilat (3 μM), thiorphan (3 μM), or vehicle and incubated for 15 minutes with ANG I (1 μM). Products of ANG I metabolism through classical (ANG II, ANG III, and ANG IV) and alternative (ANG (1-9), ANG (1-7), and ANG (1-5)) pathways were measured in the buffer, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. Incubation with ANG I resulted in higher concentration of ANG II (P = 0.02, vehicle pretreatment) and lower of ANG (1-9) (P = 0.048, perindoprilat pretreatment) in diabetes. Preference for the classical pathway is suggested by higher ANG III/ANG (1-7) ratios in vehicle (P = 0.03), perindoprilat (P = 0.02), and thiorphan pretreated (P = 0.02) diabetic rat. Within the classical pathway, ratios of ANG IV/ANG II (P = 0.01) and of ANG IV/ANG III (P = 0.049), but not of ANG III/ANG II are lower in diabetes. Conclusions. Diabetes in rats led to preference toward deleterious (ANG II, ANG III) over protective (ANG IV, ANG (1-9), and ANG (1-7)) ANG I metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Wołkow
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- *P. P. Wołkow:
| | - B. Bujak-Giżycka
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Jawień
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Madej
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Rutowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - R. Korbut
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Non-canonical signalling and roles of the vasoactive peptides angiotensins and kinins. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:753-74. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are among the most important targets for drug discovery due to their ubiquitous expression and participation in cellular events under both healthy and disease conditions. These receptors can be activated by a plethora of ligands, such as ions, odorants, small ligands and peptides, including angiotensins and kinins, which are vasoactive peptides that are classically involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular events. These peptides and their corresponding GPCRs have been reported to play roles in other systems and under pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, central nervous system disorders, metabolic dysfunction and bone resorption. More recently, new mechanisms have been described for the functional regulation of GPCRs, including the transactivation of other signal transduction receptors and the activation of G-protein-independent pathways. The existence of such alternative mechanisms for signal transduction and the discovery of agonists that can preferentially trigger one signalling pathway over other pathways (called biased agonists) have opened new perspectives for the discovery and development of drugs with a higher specificity of action and, therefore, fewer side effects. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the non-canonical signalling and roles of angiotensins and kinins.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferreira AJ, Castro CH, Guatimosim S, Almeida PW, Gomes ER, Dias-Peixoto MF, Alves MN, Fagundes-Moura CR, Rentzsch B, Gava E, Almeida AP, Guimarães AM, Kitten GT, Reudelhuber T, Bader M, Santos RA. Attenuation of isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in transgenic rats harboring an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein in the heart. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 4:83-96. [DOI: 10.1177/1753944709353426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been shown that Ang-(1-7) has cardioprotective actions. To directly investigate the effects of Ang-(1-7) specifically in the heart, we generated and characterized transgenic (TG) rats which express an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein driven by the α-MHC promoter. Methods and Results: After microinjection of the transgene into fertilized rat zygotes, we obtained four different transgenic lines. Homozygous animals were analyzed with regard to the expression profile of the transgene by ribonuclease protection assay. Transgene expression was detected mainly in the heart with weak or no expression in other organs. Heterozygous TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats presented a significant increase in cardiac Ang-(1-7) concentration compared with control rats (17.1±2.1 versus 3.9±1.4 pg/mg protein in SD rats). Radiotelemetry analysis revealed that TG rats presented no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate compared with normal rats. Overexpression of Ang-(1-7) in the heart produced slight improvement in resting cardiac function (+ dT/dt: 81530±1305.0 versus 77470±345.5 g/s bpm in SD rats, p < 0.05), which was in keeping with the enhanced [Ca2+] handling observed in cardiomyocytes of TG rats. TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats also showed a greater capacity to withstand stress since TG rats showed a less pronounced deposition of collagen type III and fibronectin induced by isoproterenol treatment in the subendocardial area than in corresponding controls. In addition, hearts from TG rats showed reduced incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias in comparison with SD rats. Conclusion: These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) has blood pressure-independent, antifibrotic effects, acting directly in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson J. Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro W.M. Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enéas R.M. Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia N.M. Alves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Brit Rentzsch
- Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisandra Gava
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alvair P. Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregory T. Kitten
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Timothy Reudelhuber
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Robson A.S. Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazi, l
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos RAS, Ferreira AJ, Pinheiro SVB, Sampaio WO, Touyz R, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor as a potential targets for new cardiovascular drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:1019-31. [PMID: 16050794 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.8.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel biochemical components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has added a further layer of complexity to the classical concept of this cardiovascular regulatory system. It is now clear that there is a counter-regulatory arm within the RAS that is mainly formed by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin (1-7)-receptor Mas axis. The functions of this axis are often opposite to those attributed to the major component of the RAS, angiotensin II. This review will highlight the current knowledge concerning the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin-(1-7) through a direct interaction with its receptor Mas or through an indirect interplay with the kallikrein-kinin system. In addition, there will be a discussion of its role in the beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angio-tensin receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, and the potential of this peptide and its receptor as a novel targets for new cardiovascular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson A S Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627-ICB-UFMG, 31 270-901-Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryckwaert F, Colson P, Guillon G, Foëx P. Cumulative effects of AT1 and AT2 receptor blockade on ischaemia–reperfusion recovery in rat hearts. Pharmacol Res 2005; 51:497-502. [PMID: 15829428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Though ischaemia/reperfusion injury induces renin-angiotensin systemic (RAS) activation and increased heart angiotensin production, the effects of blockade of the two main angiotensin II receptors, AT1 and AT2, are not definitively established. Using a Langendorff heart preparation, effects of Valsartan 10(-7)M (AT1 receptor blocker), PD 123319 10(-7)M (AT2 receptor blocker) or both in the presence of a controlled concentration of angiotensin II (10(-8)M) in order to reproduce systemic RAS activation were studied in adult male Wistar rat hearts submitted to ischaemia/reperfusion. Ischaemia/reperfusion impaired both systolic and diastolic function through a no-reflow phenomenon. Presence of a controlled concentration of angiotensin in the perfusate, enough to produce a significant AT1-induced vasoconstriction before ischaemia, has no relevant influence on ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Only blockade of both AT1 and AT2 receptors significantly improved recovery from ischaemia; better ventricle function paralleled better perfusion. The results suggest that blockade of angiotensin II receptors is cumulative since blockade of AT1 and AT2 receptors is more effective than blockade of just one of them.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) is now considered to be a biologically active member of the renin-angiotensin system. The functions of Ang-(1-7) are often opposite to those attributed to the main effector component of the renin-angiotensin system, Ang II. Chronic administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) increases 10- to 25-fold the plasma levels of this peptide, suggesting that part of the beneficial effects of ACEI could be mediated by Ang-(1-7). Ang-(1-7) can be formed from Ang II or directly from Ang I. Other enzymatic pathways for Ang-(1-7) generation have been recently described involving the novel ACE homologue ACE2. This enzyme can form Ang-(1-7) from Ang II or less efficiently by the hydrolysis of Ang I to Ang-(1-9) with subsequent Ang-(1-7) formation. The biological relevance of Ang-(1-7) has been recently reinforced by the identification of its receptor, the G-protein-coupled receptor Mas. Heart and blood vessels are important targets for the formation and actions of Ang-(1-7). In this review we will discuss recent findings concerning the biological role of Ang-(1-7) in the heart and blood vessels, taking into account aspects related to its formation and effects on these tissues. In addition, we will discuss the potential of Ang-(1-7) and its receptor as a target for the development of new cardiovascular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuroda R, Kawabata A. [Pain information pathways from the periphery to the cerebral cortex]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2003; 123:533-46. [PMID: 12875236 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.123.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A recent PET study revealed that the first and second somatosensory cortices (SI, SII), and the anterior cingulate cortex are activated by painful peripheral stimulation in humans. It has become clear that painful signals (nociceptive information) evoked at the periphery are transmitted via various circuits to the multiple cerebral cortices where pain signals are processed and perceived. Human or clinical pain is not merely a modality of somatic sensation, but associated with the affect that accompanies sensation. Consequently, pain has a somatosensory-discriminative aspect and an affective-cognitive aspect that are processed in different but correlated brain structures in the ascending circuits. Considering the physiologic characteristics and fiber connections, the SI and SII cortices appear to be involved in somatosensory-discriminative pain, and the anterior cingulate cortex (area 24) in the affective-cognitive aspect of pain. This paper deals with the ascending pain pathways from the periphery to these cortices and their interconnections. Our recent findings on the protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 (PAR-1, and -2), which are confirmed to exist in the dorsal root ganglion cells, are also described. Activation of PAR-2 during inflammation or tissue injury at the periphery is pronociceptive, while PAR-1 appears to be antinociceptive. Based on the these findings, PAR-1 and PAR-2 are attracting interest as target molecules for new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Kuroda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|