[Acute alveolo-interstitial pneumopathies in HIV-negative patients treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy]

[Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci in a patient without HIV infection]

INTRODUCTION

Co-infection with Pneumocystis jiroveci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rarely reported in patients without HIV infection.

CASE REPORT

We report the case of a 30 year old woman admitted to hospital for respiratory distress associated with a diffuse infiltrative pneumopathy. Corticosteroid therapy had been started two months earlier for suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage produced evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cysts of Pneumocystis jiroveci. HIV serology was negative. Clinical progress was satisfactory following anti-tuberculous and anti-fungal therapy.

CONCLUSION

Pneumocystis pneumonia is rare in subjects without HIV infection and is most often associated with a pathology or treatment leading to depression of cellular immunity. Corticosteroid treatment, even of short duration, presents the greatest risk. Systematic antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered in relation to the immune status of the patient. Co-infection with the tubercle bacillus as reported here is exceptionally rare.