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Arakelian T, Oosterhuis K, Tondini E, Los M, Vree J, van Geldorp M, Camps M, Teunisse B, Zoutendijk I, Arens R, Zondag G, Ossendorp F, van Bergen J. Pyroptosis-inducing active caspase-1 as a genetic adjuvant in anti-cancer DNA vaccination. Vaccine 2022; 40:2087-2098. [PMID: 35177300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently discovered form of inflammatory programmed necrosis characterized by caspase-1-mediated and gasdermin D-dependent cell death leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Here, we evaluated whether pyroptosis could be exploited in DNA vaccination by incorporating a constitutively active variant of caspase-1 to the antigen-expressing DNA. In vitro, transfection with constitutively active caspase-1 DNA induced pro-IL-1β maturation and IL-1β release as well as gasdermin D-dependent cell death. To test active caspase-1 as a genetic adjuvant for the induction of antigen-specific T cell responses, mice were vaccinated intradermally with a DNA vaccine consisting of the active caspase-1 plasmid together with a plasmid encoding an ovalbumin-derived CD8 T cell epitope. Active caspase-1 accelerated and amplified antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses when administered simultaneously with the DNA vaccine at an equimolar dose. Moreover, upon challenge with melanoma cells expressing ovalbumin, mice vaccinated with the antigen vaccine adjuvanted with active caspase-1 showed significantly better survival compared to the non-adjuvanted group. In conclusion, we have developed a novel genetic adjuvant that for the first time employs the pyroptosis pathway to improve DNA vaccination against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsolere Arakelian
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Oosterhuis
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Tondini
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Los
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Vree
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska van Geldorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Zondag
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Vecchié A, Bonaventura A, Toldo S, Dagna L, Dinarello CA, Abbate A. IL-18 and infections: Is there a role for targeted therapies? J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1638-1657. [PMID: 32794180 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, first identified for its interferon-γ-inducing properties. IL-18 regulates both T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 responses. It acts synergistically with IL-12 in the Th1 paradigm, whereas with IL-2 and without IL-12 it can induce Th2 cytokine production from cluster of differentation (CD)4+ T cells, natural killer (NK cells, NKT cells, as well as from Th1 cells. IL-18 also plays a role in the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a life-threatening condition characterized by a cytokine storm that can be secondary to infections. IL-18-mediated inflammation was largely studied in animal models of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections. These studies highlight the contribution of either IL-18 overproduction by the host or overresponsiveness of the host to IL-18 causing an exaggerated inflammatory burden and leading to tissue injury. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The damage in the later phase of the disease appears to be driven by a cytokine storm, including interleukin IL-1 family members and secondary cytokines like IL-6. IL-18 may participate in this hyperinflammation, as it was previously found to be able to cause injury in the lung tissue of infected animals. IL-18 blockade has become an appealing therapeutic target and has been tested in some IL-18-mediated rheumatic diseases and infantile-onset macrophage activation syndrome. Given its role in regulating the immune response to infections, IL-18 blockade might represent a therapeutic option for COVID-19, although further studies are warranted to investigate more in detail the exact role of IL-18 in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vecchié
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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3
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Shirsath NR, Goswami AK. Nanocarriers Based Novel Drug Delivery as Effective Drug Delivery: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2405461504666190527101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:A lot of people are facing some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional drug delivery is not able to cure it alone, moreover, some drugs have poor solubility, low half-life and show lesser bioavailability. It is necessary to conduct research on carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery, this is an alternative approach to alter/eliminate the problem of conventional dosing for better effectiveness, patient compliance, and effective drug targeting.Objective:To develop a carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery system for the elimination of problems associated with conventional dosage form.Method:In this review, different problems associated with conventional dosage form as well as potential advantages of the nanoparticulate delivery systems have been discussed. We also discussed their different route for administration such as oral, intranasal, ocular, transdermal, vaginal etc. for effective drug targeting. It has been found that different nanocarriers based drug delivery have been able to enhance the bioavailability, solubility, minimized adverse effect as well as effective in Gene delivery also. Ionic gelation, Solvent evaporation, emulsification, homogenization, lyophilisation, etc. are techniques used for their development.Conclusion:The carrier-based drug delivery technique act as an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of various diseases/disorders as well as provides better efficiency, bioavailability and improve patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin R. Shirsath
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra- 425001, India
| | - Ajaygiri K. Goswami
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra- 425001, India
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4
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Floudas A, Cluxton CD, Fahel J, Khan AR, Saunders SP, Amu S, Alcami A, Fallon PG. Composition of the Schistosoma mansoni worm secretome: Identification of immune modulatory Cyclophilin A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006012. [PMID: 29073139 PMCID: PMC5681295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The helminth Schistosoma mansoni modulates the infected host's immune system to facilitate its own survival, by producing excretory/secretory molecules that interact with a variety of the host's cell types including those of the immune system. Herein, we characterise the S. mansoni adult male worm secretome and identify 111 proteins, including 7 vaccine candidates and several molecules with potential immunomodulatory activity. Amongst the molecules present in the secretome, a 17-19kDa protein analogous to human cyclophilin A was identified. Given the ability of cyclophilin A to modulate the immune system by regulating antigen presenting cell activity, we sought to determine whether recombinant S. mansoni Cyclophilin A (rSmCypA) is capable of modulating bone-marrow derived dendritic cell (BMDC) and T cell responses under in vitro conditions. rSmCypA was enzymatically active and able to alter the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile of LPS-activated dendritic cells. rSmCypA also modulated DC function in the induction of CD4+ T cell proliferation with a preferential expansion of Treg cells. This work demonstrates the unique protein composition of the S. mansoni male worm secretome and immunomodulatory activity of S. mansoni Cyclophilin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Floudas
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher D. Cluxton
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Julia Fahel
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Adnan R. Khan
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sean P. Saunders
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Kotla S, Sanghratna Vishanath B, H.J. D, K. G, V.V.S. S, Reddy G. DNA vaccine (P1-2A-3C-pCDNA) co-administered with Bovine IL-18 gives protective immune response against Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Fonseca CT, Oliveira SC, Alves CC. Eliminating Schistosomes through Vaccination: What are the Best Immune Weapons? Front Immunol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 25806033 PMCID: PMC4353369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful development of vaccines depends on the knowledge of the immunological mechanisms associated with the elimination of the pathogen. In the case of schistosomes, its complex life cycle and the mechanisms developed to evade host immune system, turns the development of a vaccine against the disease into a very difficult task. Identifying the immunological effector mechanisms involved in parasite attrition and the major targets for its response is a key step to formulate an effective vaccine. Recent studies have described some promising antigens to compose a subunit vaccine and have pointed to some immune factors that play a role in parasite elimination. Here, we review the immune components and effector mechanisms associated with the protective immunity induced by those vaccine candidates and the lessons we have learned from the studies of the acquired resistance to infection in humans. We will also discuss the immune factors that correlate with protection and therefore could help to evaluate those vaccine formulations in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose do Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Clarice Carvalho Alves
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose do Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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7
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Functional characterization of SjB10, an intracellular serpin from Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitology 2014; 141:1746-60. [PMID: 25137634 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Serine protease inhibitors (serpin) play essential roles in many organisms. Mammalian serpins regulate the blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, inflammation and complement activation pathways. In parasitic helminths, serpins are less well characterized, but may also be involved in evasion of the host immune response. In this study, a Schistosoma japonicum serpin (SjB10), containing a 1212 bp open reading frame (ORF), was cloned, expressed and functionally characterized. Sequence analysis, comparative modelling and structural-based alignment revealed that SjB10 contains the essential structural motifs and consensus secondary structures of inhibitory serpins. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that SjB10 is expressed in adult males, schistosomula and eggs but particularly in the cercariae, suggesting a possible role in cercarial penetration of mammalian host skin. Recombinant SjB10 (rSjB10) inhibited pancreatic elastase (PE) in a dose-dependent manner. rSjB10 was recognized strongly by experimentally infected rat sera indicating that native SjB10 is released into host tissue and induces an immune response. By immunochemistry, SjB10 localized in the S. japonicum adult foregut and extra-embryonic layer of the egg. This study provides a comprehensive demonstration of sequence and structural-based analysis of a functional S. japonicum serpin. Furthermore, our findings suggest that SjB10 may be associated with important functional roles in S. japonicum particularly in host-parasite interactions.
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8
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Bahgat MM. Interaction Between the Neglected Tropical Disease Human Schistosomiasis and HCV Infection in Egypt: a Puzzling Relationship. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2014; 2:134-9. [PMID: 26356794 PMCID: PMC4521266 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Egypt has the highest prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and seropositivity worldwide, and it has been proposed that this enhanced susceptibility to HCV is related to coinfection with schistosomiasis. Although currently, there are no studies regarding the actual prevalence of both human schistosomiasis and schistosomiasis/HCV coinfection evidences strongly support that eliminating human schistosomiasis from Egypt is necessary to reduce both HCV prevalence and liver pathology. The present review highlights the significant impact of the neglected tropical disease human schistosomiasis on both susceptibility of Egyptians to HCV coinfection, severity of the resulting liver pathology, and poor response to antiviral therapy. The immune evasion mechanisms exerted by the HCV-NS3/4A protease domain, and the possible impact of immune evasion mechanisms exerted by proteases of larval, worm and egg stages of the parasite Schistosoma on human susceptibility to HCV infection are discussed. In addition, schistosome immune evasion mechanisms may include immunosuppression that in turn prevents clearance of HCV viremia and leads to relapsing HCV infection and severe liver pathology. I propose the generation of a replicon system from the most prevailing genotype (HCV-4a) in Egypt and establishing its replication on hepatoplastoma or immune cells in presence of bilharzial antigens. Finally, the use of a humanized small animal model that can acquire both HCV and S. mansoni infections will be important to further understand in real time the impact of coinfection on both the immune system and liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Bahgat
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Group, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group of Biomarkers for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Zhu Z, Fu Z, Zhang M, Han Y, Hong Y, Li D, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Li X, Lin J. Protective efficacy evaluation induced by recombinant protein LHD-Sj23-GST of Schistosoma japonicum emulsified with three different adjuvants. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:341-4. [PMID: 22329493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a complement to chemotherapy and other control approaches, the development of an effective vaccine is necessary to combat Schistosomiasis japonica that remains a serious public health problem in China. In the present study, mice were vaccinated with purified recombinant protein LHD-Sj23-GST (large hydrophilic domain of 23 kDa antigen of S. japonicum fused with Sj26GST) emulsified with Freund's adjuvant (FA), Montanide ISA 206 and Montanide ISA 70 M and challenged with cercariae, the protective efficacy induced by the recombinant protein was evaluated, and the LHD-Sj23-GST-specific IgG and its subtypes were determined. The result revealed that a significant worm burden reduction (58.8%, 26.3% and 54.3%; P<0.05) was obtained in mice vaccinated with LHD-Sj23-GST emulsified with three different adjuvants compared to those mice treated with respective adjuvant only. ELISA test suggested that the high-level production of LHD-Sj23-GST-specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies may participate in protecting against schistosome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
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10
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Computational vaccinology: an important strategy to discover new potential S. mansoni vaccine candidates. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:503068. [PMID: 22013383 PMCID: PMC3196198 DOI: 10.1155/2011/503068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The flatworm Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke parasite that causes schistosomiasis, a debilitating disease that occurs throughout the developing world. Current schistosomiasis control strategies are mainly based on chemotherapy, but many researchers believe that the best long-term strategy to control schistosomiasis is through immunization with an antischistosomiasis vaccine combined with drug treatment. Several papers on Schistosoma mansoni vaccine and drug development have been published in the past few years, representing an important field of study. The advent of technologies that allow large-scale studies of genes and proteins had a remarkable impact on the screening of new and potential vaccine candidates in schistosomiasis. In this postgenomic scenario, bioinformatic technologies have emerged as important tools to mine transcriptomic, genomic, and proteomic databases. These new perspectives are leading to a new round of rational vaccine development. Herein, we discuss different strategies to identify potential S. mansoni vaccine candidates using computational vaccinology.
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11
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Singha H, Mallick AI, Jana C, Fatima N, Owais M, Chaudhuri P. Co-immunization with interlukin-18 enhances the protective efficacy of liposomes encapsulated recombinant Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase protein against Brucella abortus. Vaccine 2011; 29:4720-7. [PMID: 21565241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella abortus and a number of closely related species. Brucellosis has severe impact on the health and economic prosperity of the developing countries due to the persistent nature of infection and unavailability of effective control measures. The Cu-Zn superoxide dismuatse (SOD) protein of Brucella have been extensively studied as a major antigen involved in bacterial evading mechanism of host defence. Being a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays key role in induction of immune mediated protection against intracellular pathogens. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the immunogenic potential of fusogenic liposomes (escheriosomes) encapsulated recombinant Cu-Zn SOD (rSOD) protein alone or in combination with recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18). Escheriosomes encapsulated rSOD mediated immune responses were further increased upon co-immunization with rIL-18. Furthermore, immunization with escheriosomes encapsulated rSOD alone or in combination with rIL-18, increased resistance in mice against challenge with B. abortus 544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harisankar Singha
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India.
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12
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Hong Y, Han H, Peng J, Li Y, Shi Y, Fu Z, Liu J, Lin J, Li X. Schistosoma japonicum: Cloning, expression and characterization of a gene encoding the α5-subunit of the proteasome. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:517-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Siva Reddy K, Muralidhar Rao D, Badrinaryana N, Suryanaryana VVS, Reddy GR. Enhancement of DNA vaccine (P12A3C-pcDNA) efficacy against foot-and-mouth disease by coadministration of interleukin-18-expressing (IL18 pcDNA) plasmid in guinea-pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:261-9. [PMID: 21039923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals causing considerable economic loss in the affected countries. The presently used tissue-cultured inactivated vaccine protects the vaccinated animals for a short duration of immunity. As one of the approaches to develop alternative vaccines, P12A3C-pcDNA (containing P12A and 3C coding sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus) and bovine IL18 pcDNA plasmids were constructed and the immune response of these constructs was evaluated when they were coinoculated in guinea-pigs. The humoral response was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (for levels of IgG1, IgG2) and a serum neutralization test (SNT), and the cellular response using an MTT assay. Significantly higher humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were seen in the P12A3C and the IL-18 coinoculated group than that in P12A3C-pcDNA alone and inactivated virus vaccine inoculated groups. Similarly, a higher population of CD4(+) , CD8(+) and T-helper type 1 (Th1), and Th2 cytokine levels were seen in the former group in comparison with the other groups. P12A3C+IL-18 protected all the six animals when challenged with a homologous virus compared with five and four in an inactivated virus vaccine and the P12A3C-pcDNA groups, respectively. These results have shown that the plasmid encoding for P12A3C-pcDNA, when coinoculated with IL-18, induced higher responses and protected the animals from a virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siva Reddy
- FMD Research Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bangalore India
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14
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He S, Yang L, Lv Z, Hu W, Cao J, Wei J, Sun X, Yang J, Zheng H, Wu Z. Molecular and functional characterization of a mortalin-like protein from Schistosoma japonicum (SjMLP/hsp70) as a member of the HSP70 family. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:955-66. [PMID: 20602114 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes are the causative agent of schistosomiasis. The 70-kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP70) are considered the predominant HSP family and play a key regulatory role in parasite development and pathogenesis. Based on the published sequences in Genbank/EMBL, an open-reading frame (ORF) encoding 653 amino acids (XP_002581385.1) and belonging to the Schistosoma HSP70 protein family with a molecular weight of 71.49 kDa was identified by bioinformatic analysis. Since the sequence shared 77% identity with the published full-length Homo sapiens HSP70 protein, it was named Schistosoma mortalin-like protein (MLP/Hsp70). Here, we report the molecular and functional characterization of the Schistosoma japonicum SjMLP/hsp70 as a member of the HSP70 family. The complete SjMLP/hsp70 coding sequence was amplified from a S. japonicum adult worm cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subcloned into the pET28a expression vector. The purified recombinant protein, rSjMLP/hsp70, was identified as a member of 70-kDa HSP family by mass spectrometry and could be recognized by the S. japonicum-infected mouse serum. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting analysis revealed that SjMLP/hsp70 was widely expressed in the eggs, cercariae, schistosomula, and adult worms of S. japonicum. A thermotolerance assay showed that rSjMLP/hsp70 could protect Escherichia coli cells from heat damage. This chaperone-like activity was demonstrated by full-length SjMLP/hsp70. The detection of specific antibody levels by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and IFN-gamma secretion of splenocytes by ELISpot assay suggested that mice immunized with SjMLP/hsp70 were able to elicit Th1-type bias immune response. The challenge-protective experiment showed that DNA vaccine of SjGST combined with SjMLP/hsp70 could induce a 31.31% reduction of worm burden and 58.59% reduction of egg burden in intestinal tissue of immunized mice. Our results imply that SjMLP/hsp70 has a potential adjuvant function and might be a vaccine candidate for schistosomiaisis, which is the first report of the expression and preliminary characterization analysis of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, SunYat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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15
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Lu H, Huo X, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Ma M, Zhang H, Jin M, Shen G, Jia L, Ji Y, Li X, Jin K, Jin N. Enhancing effects of the chemical adjuvant levamisole on the DNA vaccine pVIR-P12A-IL18-3C. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 52:440-6. [PMID: 19039952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based vaccination is an attractive alternative for overcoming the disadvantages of inactivated virus vaccines; however, DNA vaccines alone often generate only weak immune responses. In this study, the efficacy of LMS as a chemical adjuvant on a DNA vaccine (pVIR-P12A-IL18-3C) encoding the P1-2A and 3C genes of the FMDV and swine IL-18, which provides protection against FMDV challenge, was tested. All test pigs were administered booster vaccinations 28 days after the initial inoculation, and were challenged with 1000 ID50 FMDV O/NY00 20 days after the booster vaccination. Positive and negative control groups were inoculated with inactivated virus vaccine and PBS respectively. The DNA vaccine plus LMS induced greater humoral and cell-mediated responses than the DNA vaccine alone, as evidenced by higher concentrations of neutralizing and specific anti-FMDV antibodies, and by higher concentrations of T-lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-y production, respectively. FMDV challenge revealed that the DNA vaccine plus LMS provided higher protection than the DNA vaccine alone. This study demonstrates that LMS may be useful as an adjuvant for improving the protective efficiency of DNA vaccination against FMDV in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Lu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, China
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16
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Lv ZY, Yang LL, Hu SM, Sun X, He HJ, He SJ, Li ZY, Zhou YP, Fung MC, Yu XB, Zheng HQ, Cao AL, Wu ZD. Expression profile, localization of an 8-kDa calcium-binding protein from Schistosoma japonicum (SjCa8), and vaccine potential of recombinant SjCa8 (rSjCa8) against infections in mice. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:733-43. [PMID: 19015878 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Researches on genes expressed in a cercarial stage-specific manner may help us understand the molecular events and functions during schistosome invasion of skin. A genomic clone encoding 8-kDa calcium-binding protein (SjCa8) specifically expressed in cercariae and skin-stage schistosomulum (transformed within 3 h) was obtained from cercariae. Recombinant protein was expressed in vector pET32a (+) and purified using a Ni-NTA purification system. The target protein SjCa8 was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometer after thrombin digestion and dialysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed SjCa8 can be detected in cercaria and skin-stage schistosomulum but not lung-stage schistosomulum, adult, or egg and was localized to head gland, penetration gland tubes, and penetration glands where Ca(2+) was abundant, and the cercarial tegument (but not tegument of tail) and body-tail junction. Furthermore, SjCa8 was interestingly detected in cercarial secretions. The characterization of SjCa8 indicated that it may undergo structural and physiological modifications, including repair of the surface membrane, changes in permeability that account for the loss of water tolerance, activities of calcium-depending enzymes, and immune signaling, etc. Furthermore, vaccination with rSjCa8 plus adjuvant induced protective effect with 50.39% worm reduction rate and significantly high hepatic and intestine egg reduction rates (54.16%, 50.63%, respectively), which is possibly mediated through an apparent induction of Th1-type immune response for strikingly high level of IgG2a and IgG2b developed in immunized C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yue Lv
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd road, Guangzhou 510080, China
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17
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Wang X, Jin H, Du X, Cai C, Yu Y, Zhao G, Su B, Huang S, Hu Y, Luo D, She R, Luo X, Zeng X, Yi X, Wang B. The protective efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum infection by immunization with DNA vaccine and levamisole as adjuvant in mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:1832-45. [PMID: 18329762 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Levamisole (LMS) as an adjuvant enhances cell-mediated immunity in DNA vaccination; we investigated the efficacy and liver immunopathology alleviation of a DNA vaccine, VR1012-SjGST-32, in a LMS formulation in the murine challenge model. Compared to controls, the VR1012-SjGST-32 plus LMS can reduce worm and egg burdens, as well as, immunopathological complications associated chronic inflammation significantly in liver, which were apparently associated with Th1-type response. Together, these results suggest that the LMS as a potential Schistosome DNA vaccine adjuvant can enhance both worm killing and disease prevention, which is possibly mediated through the induction of a strong Th1-dominant environment in immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Beijing 100094, China
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18
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Wilson RA, Coulson PS. Schistosome vaccines: a critical appraisal. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 101 Suppl 1:13-20. [PMID: 17308743 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective schistosome vaccine is a desirable control tool but progress towards that goal has been slow. Protective immunity has been difficult to demonstrate in humans, particularly children, so no routes to a vaccine have emerged from that source. The concept of concomitant immunity appeared to offer a paradigm for a vaccine operating against incoming larvae in the skin but did not yield the expected dividends. The mining of crude parasite extracts, the use of monoclonal antibodies and protein selection based on immunogenicity produced a panel of vaccine candidates, mostly of cytoplasmic origin. However, none of these performed well in independent rodent trials, but glutathione-S-transferase from Schistosoma haematobium is currently undergoing clinical trials as an anti-fecundity vaccine. The sequencing of the S. mansoni transcriptome and genome and the development of proteomic and microarray technologies has dramatically improved the possibilities for identifying novel vaccine candidates, particularly proteins secreted from or exposed at the surface of schistosomula and adult worms. These discoveries are leading to a new round of protein expression and protection experiments that will enable us to evaluate systematically all the major targets available for immune intervention. Only then will we know if schistosomes have an Achilles' heel.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
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19
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Ma M, Jin N, Shen G, Zhu G, Liu HJ, Zheng M, Lu H, Huo X, Jin M, Yin G, Ma H, Li X, Ji Y, Jin K. Immune responses of swine inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV and swine IL-18. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 121:1-7. [PMID: 17706296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two recombinant fowlpox viruses (rFPV-P1 and rFPV-IL18-2AP12A) containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid polypeptide, 3C coding regions of O/NY00 were evaluated to determine their abilities to induce humoral and cellular responses in the presence or absence of swine IL-18 as genetic adjuvant. The ability to protect swine against homologous virus challenge was examined. All swine were given booster vaccinations at 21 days after the initial inoculation and were challenged 10 days after the booster vaccination. Control groups were inoculated with wild-type fowlpox virus (wtFPV). All animals vaccinated with rFPV-P12A and rFPV-IL18-P12A developed specific anti-FMDV ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody and T-lymphocyte proliferation was observed. Cellular immune function was evaluated via examination of IFN-gamma production in swine peripheral blood serum. The results demonstrate the potential viability of a fowlpox virus-based recombinant vaccine in the control and prevention of FMDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Ma
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, PR China
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20
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Dai G, Wang S, Yu J, Xu S, Peng X, He Z, Liu X, Zhou S, Liu F. Vaccination against Schistosoma japonicum infection by DNA vaccine encoding Sj22.7 antigen. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:27-36. [PMID: 17213956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To observe the in vitro expression of DNA vaccine pcDNA3-Sj22.7 and its immunological effect in mice, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-Sj22.7 was used to transfect HeLa cells with liposome-mediated method and the expression of Sj22.7 mRNA and protein was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Then, the ability of pcDNA3-Sj22.7 to protect against Schistosoma japonicum challenge infections was analyzed according to worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after vaccination of mice. The serum levels of specific IgG antibody and T lymphocyte proliferation response were also determined. After the challenge infection, Sj22.7-driven interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 was also quantified. Results showed that pcDNA3-Sj22.7 could express Sj22.7 mRNA and protein in vitro. Immunization resulted in a worm reduction rate of 29.70%, egg reduction rate of 47.25% (liver) and 51.73% (intestine), and egg reduction rate of 25.90% (eggs per female), suggesting induction of significant anti-fecundity in the pcDNA3-Sj22.7 group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis indicated that immunized mice generated specific IgG against Sj22.7. T lymphocytes from mice immunized with pcDNA3-Sj22.7 showed a significant proliferation response to rSj22.7. The culture of spleen cells showed that secretion of IFN-gamma increased but IL-4 decreased. The results indicate hat DNA vaccination by pcDNA3-Sj22.7 is sufficient to elicit significant levels of protective immunity against S. japonicum infection. The DNA vaccine could induce significant cellular and humoral immune response, and display predominant T helper cell type 1 type immune responses, which contribute to the protective immunity against challenge infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Dai
- Institute of Schistosomiasis Research, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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21
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Shi XJ, Wang B, Wang M. Immune enhancing effects of recombinant bovine IL-18 on foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in mice model. Vaccine 2007; 25:1257-64. [PMID: 17084491 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals and can cause a considerable socio-economic loss for affected countries. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays important role in both the development of a functional immune system as well as the response of the organism to infection. In the present study, bovine IL-18 (BoIL-18), Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 and VP1/BoIL-18 fusion genes were cloned and expressed in pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) and subsequently immune effects were evaluated to study the immune enhancing effects of recombinant BoIL-18 (rBoIL-18) on FMD vaccination. The results showed that the genes encoding for BoIL-18, VP1 and VP1/BoIL-18 are successfully expressed in P. pastoris and the expressed recombinant VP1 (rVP1) proteins could induce both humoral and marginal cell-mediated immune responses in mice, while the co-inoculation with rBoIL-18 could markedly enhance both of immune responses, and the inoculation of the fusion product rVP1/BoIL-18 showed even more dramatic immune responses, suggesting rBoIL-18 has a potential to enhance the efficacy of vaccination against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ju Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
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22
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Culshaw S, Leung BP, Gracie JA, Campbell CC, Thomson D, Gemmell C, Liew FY, McInnes IB. Prior elevation of IL-18 promotes rapid early IFN-gamma production during staphylococcal infection. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1438-44. [PMID: 15789357 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality arising from both bacterial and host immune factors. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily that exhibits broad functional effects in innate and acquired immune responses and which has been found in high levels in several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Over-expression of IL-18 may promote early resolution of infection or could promote a detrimental exaggerated immune response. This was explored in a model of S. aureus infection. We report increased mortality in Swiss mice that were given recombinant IL-18 prior to inoculation with S. aureus LS-1. IL-18 administration prior to infection induced preferentially enhanced IFN-gamma mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes and spleen, especially splenic NK cells. This correlated with increased IFN-gamma protein detection in serum, and leukocyte and spleen cultures at subsequent discrete time points. These data suggest that increased mortality following gram-positive infection in autoimmune diseases could in part reflect the impact of high levels of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 present prior to the onset of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Culshaw
- Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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23
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O'Donovan LH, McMonagle EL, Taylor S, Bain D, Pacitti AM, Golder MC, McDonald M, Hanlon L, Onions DE, Argyle DJ, Jarrett O, Nicolson L. A vector expressing feline mature IL-18 fused to IL-1beta antagonist protein signal sequence is an effective adjuvant to a DNA vaccine for feline leukaemia virus. Vaccine 2005; 23:3814-23. [PMID: 15893619 PMCID: PMC7115661 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccination using vectors expressing the gag/pol and env genes of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and plasmids encoding feline interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 completely protected cats from viraemia following challenge [Hanlon L, Argyle D, Bain D, Nicolson L, Dunham S, Golder MC, et al. Feline leukaemia virus DNA vaccine efficacy is enhanced by coadministration with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 expression vectors. J Virol 2001;75:8424-33]. However, the relative contribution of each cytokine gene towards protection is unknown. This study aimed to resolve this issue. IL-12 and IL-18 constructs were modified to ensure effective expression, and bioactivity was demonstrated using specific assays. Kittens were immunised intramuscularly with FeLV DNA and various cytokine constructs. Together with control kittens, these were challenged oronasally with FeLV and monitored for 15 weeks. All six kittens given FeLV, IL-12 and IL-18 were protected from the establishment of persistent viraemia and four from latent infection. Of six kittens immunised with FeLV DNA and IL-18, all were protected from viraemia and five from latent infection. In contrast, three of five kittens given FeLV DNA and IL-12 became persistently viraemic. Therefore, the adjuvant effect on the FeLV DNA vaccine appears to reside in the expression of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H O'Donovan
- MacRobert Laboratories, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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24
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Ivory C, Chadee K. DNA vaccines: designing strategies against parasitic infections. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2004; 2:17. [PMID: 15579202 PMCID: PMC544584 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of parasitic infections requires novel approaches to vaccine design. The versatility of DNA vaccination provides new perspectives. This review discusses the use of prime-boost immunizations, genetic adjuvants, multivalent vaccines and codon optimization for optimal DNA vaccine design against parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ivory
- Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9
| | - Kris Chadee
- Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9
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25
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Reading PC, Smith GL. Vaccinia virus interleukin-18-binding protein promotes virulence by reducing gamma interferon production and natural killer and T-cell activity. J Virol 2003; 77:9960-8. [PMID: 12941906 PMCID: PMC224600 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.18.9960-9968.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes natural killer (NK) and T-cell activation. Several poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VV), encode a soluble IL-18-binding protein (IL-18bp). The role of the VV IL-18bp (gene C12L) in vivo was studied with wild-type (vC12L), deletion mutant (vDeltaC12L), and revertant (vC12L-rev) viruses in a murine intranasal model of infection. The data show that vDeltaC12L was markedly attenuated, characterized by a mild weight loss and reduced virus titers in lungs, brain, and spleen. Three days after infection, NK cytotoxic activity was augmented in the lung, spleen, and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) of vDeltaC12L-infected mice compared to controls. Seven days after infection, vDeltaC12L-infected mice displayed heightened VV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the lungs, spleen, and MLNs. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) levels were also dramatically elevated in lavage fluids and cells from lungs of mice infected with vDeltaC12L. Finally, we demonstrate that IL-18 is produced in vitro and in vivo after VV infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate a role for the vIL-18bp in counteracting IL-18 in both the innate and the specific immune response to VV infection and indicate that the ability of IL-18 to promote vigorous T-cell responses (cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production) is a critical factor in the accelerated clearance of the vDeltaC12L mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Reading
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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26
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Da'dara AA, Skelly PJ, Fatakdawala M, Visovatti S, Eriksson E, Harn DA. Comparative efficacy of the Schistosoma mansoni nucleic acid vaccine, Sm23, following microseeding or gene gun delivery. Parasite Immunol 2002; 24:179-87. [PMID: 12010483 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2002.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sm23 is an integral membrane protein expressed widely in the human parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni. Sm23 has already been shown to elicit protective immune responses following immunization with peptides or DNA constructs. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the Sm23 DNA vaccine using two different intradermal DNA delivery methods: microseeding and gene gun. Using both techniques, all mice immunized with the Sm23-pcDNA construct generated Sm23-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody, while mice immunized with the control plasmid, pcDNA, did not. Antibody isotypes analysis revealed that microseeding elicited mainly IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies, with relatively low levels of IgG1 and IgG3. The relative IgG1/IgG2a ratio was 0.03, indicative of a Th1 type immune response. In contrast, gene gun immunization resulted in significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgG3. The relative IgG1/IgG2a ratio in this case was 11, indicative of a Th2 type immune response. No significant difference in the levels of IgG2b was observed. Coimmunization with plasmid DNA encoding either interleukin (IL)-12 or IL-4 by microseeding did not affect the levels of IgG1, while the levels of IgG2a and IgG2b were reduced. On the other hand, the levels of IgG3 were significantly increased by IL-4, but unchanged by IL-12. Importantly, in all experiments, the Sm23-pcDNA vaccine provided statistically significant levels of protection against challenge infection. Microseeding immunizations resulted in higher levels of protection (31-34% protection) than gene gun immunization (18% protection). This suggests that the Th1 type immune response elicited by microseeding immunization was responsible for the higher protection levels. However, the protective effect of the vaccine was not affected by coadministering plasmids encoding either IL-12 or IL-4 using the microseeding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram A Da'dara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Hervé M, Dupré L, Ban E, Schacht AM, Capron A, Riveau G. Features of the antibody response attributable to plasmid backbone adjuvanticity after DNA immunization. Vaccine 2001; 19:4549-56. [PMID: 11483283 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination induces antigen-specific immune responses with characteristics distinct from other vaccination modes. In the present study, the contribution of the plasmid backbone adjuvant effect to the quality of the DNA-raised antibody response was investigated. For this purpose, three intradermal primings were compared in mice using: (1) the recombinant Schistosoma haematobium glutathione S-transferase antigen (rSh28GST): (2) rSh28GST supplemented with a non-coding plasmid; and (3) a Sh28GST-encoding plasmid. In contrast to immunization with the protein, DNA immunization elicited a very stable antibody (Ab) response over a prolonged period of time. This feature was attributed to the plasmid backbone, because co-administration of the non-coding plasmid with rSh28GST allowed the maintenance of the specific Ab response. A strong anamnestic Ab response was induced after intradermal boost with rSh28GST only in the mice primed with pMSh. This indicated that the selective ability of DNA vaccination to induce memory humoral response was independent of the plasmid backbone. In contrast the plasmid backbone was found to strongly participate in the preferential IgG2a Ab production observed. These results suggest that, following DNA immunization, the Th1-biased profile and the maintenance of the long-lived Ab response could be attributed to an adjuvant effect of the plasmid backbone during priming, whereas the strength of B-cell memory was independent of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hervé
- Relations Hôte-Parasite et Stratégies Vaccinales, INSERM U 167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du professeur Calmette, BP-245, F-59019, Cedex, Lille, France.
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