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Lee JK, Oh CH, Oh J, Jeong S, Lim CK, Han SH. Surgical Treatment for Patients with Post-traumatic Flexion Contracture of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: Analysis of Various Affecting Factors. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2023; 28:642-650. [PMID: 38073415 DOI: 10.1142/s2424835523500674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: A flexion contracture (FC) of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint can have a profound negative influence on daily activity. The outcomes of surgical release of the PIP joint in literature are based on small sample size studies done several decades ago. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes of surgical treatment for post-traumatic FC of the PIP joint and to identify factors that affect these outcomes. Methods: This single institute retrospective study included patients from 2000 to 2020. We only included patients with post-traumatic FC of the PIP joint. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, cause of FC, surgical approaches and the various procedures conducted. We surveyed postoperative complications. During the study period, we asked about their current symptoms and evaluated their operative outcomes as excellent, good, fair or poor through the phone. Results: The average FC recovery angle was 37.3°. The small finger was the most affected, and the most common cause of FC was a tendon laceration. The volar plate complex release was the most frequently conducted procedure. The FC improvement was positively correlated to the degree of preoperative FC. The more severe preoperative flexion-extension arc was presented, the more FC recovery was achieved after operation. Patients who underwent multiple procedures had a higher degree of preoperative FC, and better correction was achieved with multiple procedures than with a single procedure. The most critical complication was recurrence. Conclusions: We were able to obtain average 37.3° of extension by surgical treatment. The more severe the FC presented before surgery, the greater the need for multiple procedures, however, this resulted in a significant increase in joint extension. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised regarding recurrence and could occur even with an experienced surgeon. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ku Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbeom Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Simho Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Kwang Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Raducha JE, Pidgeon TS. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fractures: Various Approaches to Fixation. Hand Clin 2023; 39:561-573. [PMID: 37827609 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous operative and nonoperative options for the management of proximal interphalangeal joint fractures and fracture dislocations. The treatment of choice should be guided by the fracture pattern and joint stability. The authors highlight a contemporary option for open reduction and internal fixation techniques, but all the techniques presented are viable options under the right circumstances. It is also important to set patient expectations as most of these patients will note post-injury stiffness and potential functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Raducha
- Hand, Upper Extremity and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler S Pidgeon
- Hand, Upper Extremity and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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3
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Raducha JE, Weiss APC. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty for Fracture. Hand Clin 2023; 39:575-586. [PMID: 37827610 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties can be performed in the setting of acute comminuted fracture, chronic fracture presentations, and posttraumatic arthritis. These surgeries provide excellent pain relief and patient satisfaction but patients should be cautioned not to expect an improvement in motion postoperatively. Despite high rates of minor complications and radiographic loosening, these implants have good rates of long-term survival with most revisions occurring in the early postoperative period. They provide viable alternatives to arthrodesis, osteotomy and amputation in the appropriate patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Raducha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Arnold-Peter C Weiss
- R. Scot Sellers Scholar of Hand Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, University Orthopedics, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, RI 02914, USA.
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4
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Richter M. The stiff proximal interphalangeal joint - an unsolved problem? J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2023; 48:214-221. [PMID: 36638137 DOI: 10.1177/17531934221143690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The proximal interphalangeal joint is critical for good hand function. Its anatomical complexities often predispose it to stiffness, involving damage to one or more structures. Improving or resolving the stiffness and increasing the range of motion require an accurate assessment and understanding of the pathogenesis. The surgical strategy can then be tailored accordingly. In some cases, restoration to pre-injury level may not be possible and this condition still represents an unsolved problem in hand surgery.Level of evidence: V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Richter
- Department of Hand Surgery, Helios-Klinikum Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Germany
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Van Nuffel M, Meulyzer C, Vrancken C, Van den Kerckhove E, De Smet L, Degreef I. Treatment practice for Dupuytren disease in Belgium before 2020: results from an online survey. Acta Orthop Belg 2022; 88:399-409. [DOI: 10.52628/88.2.9764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Dupuytren disease (DD) continues to evolve. New insights in risk factors for recurrence and new treatment modalities have changed the management strategies for DD over the past decades. However, several differences may remain between these insights and their clinical application. The current tendencies in management of Dupuytren disease, were investigated in a web-based survey. The survey was sent to all members of the Belgian Hand Group, the professional organisation of hand surgeons in Belgium. The participants indicated their preferred treatment for clinical cases and answered questions on the use and timing of splinting, physiotherapy, medication and adapting the management depending on fibrosis diathesis. These findings were compared to recommendations found in the literature. Forty out of 135 surveyed members of the Belgian Hand Group completed the survey and 7 responded incompletely, yielding a response rate of 35% for most questions. This is comparable to similar studies. There appeared to be still room for debate on surgical techniques for difficult cases. CCH use increased since reimbursement became available in Belgium, mainly due to satisfying clinical results for patient and surgeon. The survey demonstrated a wide variety in pre- and postoperative splinting protocols, but consensus existed with the literature on postoperative night-time application of orthoses for 7 to 12 weeks.
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Fujihara Y, Ota H, Watanabe K. Prognostic factors for outcomes of surgical mobilisation in patients with posttraumatic limited range of motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint: a multivariate analysis. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2021; 56:133-137. [PMID: 34597245 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2021.1951743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors for outcomes of surgical mobilisation in patients with posttraumatic limited range of motion (ROM) of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and determine which procedure actually improves the PIP joint ROM. A total of 71 fingers (57 patients: 49 men, 8 women; mean age, 41 years) with posttraumatic limited passive ROM of the PIP joint (<60°) who underwent surgical mobilisation were reviewed. Possible prognostic factors, including age, injury type, injured finger, injury in the adjacent finger, and procedure types, were assessed. We defined the PIP joint ROM improvement as the primary outcome in the linear regression analysis. To evaluate surgical efficacy, we classified the surgical treatment options into four categories (volar release, dorsal release, volar and dorsal release, and joint distraction with an external fixator) and compared their outcomes. The mean postoperative improvement in the PIP joint ROM was 12°. In the linear regression analysis, advanced age (estimate, -0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.76 to -0.06), open injury (estimate, -13.54; 95% CI -27.02 to -0.06), and skin defects (estimate, -23.22; 95% CI -34.83 to -11.61) were associated with worse outcomes; however, the volar approach was associated with favourable outcomes. Surgical mobilisation is strongly recommended when limited ROM of the PIP joint is caused by flexion site contracture. To improve the final outcome of fingers with complex injuries, a tailored treatment strategy is required to avoid dorsal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The stiff digit may be a consequence of trauma or surgery to the hand and fingers and can markedly affect a patient's level of function and quality of life. Stiffness and contractures may be caused by one or a combination of factors including joint, intrinsic, extensor, and flexor tendon pathology, and the patient's individual biology. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, function, and relationship of these structures on finger joint range of motion is crucial for interpreting physical examination findings and preoperative planning. For most cases, nonsurgical management is the initial step and consists of hand therapy, static and dynamic splinting, and/or serial casting, whereas surgical management is considered for those with more extensive contractures or for those that fail to improve with conservative management. Assuming no bony block to motion, surgery consists of open joint release, tenolysis of flexor and/or extensor tendons, and external fixation devices. Outcomes after treatment vary depending on the joint involved along with the severity of contracture and the patient's compliance with formal hand therapy and a home exercise program.
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8
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Volar plate avulsion fracture alone or concomitant with collateral ligament rupture of the proximal interphalangeal joint: A comparison of surgical outcomes. Arch Plast Surg 2018; 45:458-465. [PMID: 30282417 PMCID: PMC6177630 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2018.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Volar plate avulsion fracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the most common hand injuries. In this study, we divided patients into two groups: patients with pure volar plate avulsion fracture, and patients with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term surgical outcomes between the two groups. As a secondary measure, the Mitek bone anchoring and polydioxanone (PDS) bone suturing techniques were compared. Methods A single-institutional retrospective review of the surgical treatment of volar plate avulsion fracture was performed. The cases were divided into those with pure volar plate avulsion fracture (group A, n=15) and those with volar plate avulsion fracture concomitant with collateral ligament rupture (group B, n=15). Both groups underwent volar plate reattachment using Mitek bone anchoring or PDS bone suturing followed by 2 weeks of immobilization in a dorsal protective splint. Results The average range of motion of the PIP joint and extension lag were significantly more favorable in group A (P<0.05). Differences in age; follow-up period; flexion function; visual analog scale scores; disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores; and the grip strength ratio between the two groups were non-significant. No significant differences were found in the surgical outcomes of Mitek bone anchoring and PDS bone suturing in group A. Conclusions Overall, the surgical outcomes of volar plate reattachment were successful irrespective of whether the collateral ligaments were torn. However, greater extension lag was observed in cases of collateral ligament injury.
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Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) flexion contracture is a challenging and often frustrating problem. Treatment of PIPJ contracture begins with conservative measures. With good compliance and prolonged use, favorable results can be achieved using these modalities. For contractures that fail to respond to conservative treatment, surgical intervention can be considered. The affected structures that can be released during surgery include the accessory collateral ligaments, volar plate, checkrein ligaments, retinacular ligaments, and the flexor and extensor tendons. A stepwise approach to release is typically favored in which active motion is tested after each release to determine the need for subsequent releases.
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10
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Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal joint injuries are one of the most common injuries of the hand. The severity of injury can vary from a minor sprain to a complex intra-articular fracture. Because of the complex anatomy of the joint, complications may occur even after an appropriate treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review on existing techniques to manage complications and imparts practical points to help prevent further complications after proximal interphalangeal joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Kamnerdnakta
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 18, G200, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 12th Floor, Siamintr Building, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Helen E Huetteman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 18, G200, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin C Chung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, 2130 Taubman Center, SPC 5340, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5340, USA.
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11
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Ritchie JFS, Venu KM, Pillai K, Yanni DH. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Release in Dupuytren’s Disease of the Little Finger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 29:15-7. [PMID: 14734062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a prospective study, with 3-year follow-up, of the role and outcome of fasciectomy plus sequential surgical release of structures of the proximal interphalangeal joint in Dupuytren’s contracture of the little finger. Our treatment programme involves fasciectomy for all patients followed by sequential release of the accessory collateral ligament and volar plate as necessary. Of the 19 fingers in the study, eight achieved a full correction by fasciectomy alone, and in these cases there was a fixed flexion deformity of 6° at 3 months and 8° at 3 years. The remaining 11 fingers (initial mean deformity 70° flexion) were left with a fixed flexion deformity of 42° after fasciectomy which reduced to 7° with capsuloligamentous release. This increased to 26° at 3 months but then remained relatively stable, increasing only to 29° at 3 years. In our experience sequential proximal interphalangeal joint release has led to consistently good results with few complications in the correction of severe Dupuytren’s disease of the little finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F S Ritchie
- Orthopaedic Department, Bromley Hospitals NHS Trust, Bromley, Kent, UK.
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12
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Lutsky KF, Matzon JL, Dwyer J, Kim N, Beredjiklian PK. Results of Operative Intervention for Finger Stiffness After Fractures of the Hand. Hand (N Y) 2016; 11:341-346. [PMID: 27698638 PMCID: PMC5030857 DOI: 10.1177/1558944715627238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic finger stiffness can occur as a result of hand fractures. The purpose was to assess and quantify the improvement in range of motion (ROM) after surgical management of the stiff finger in patients who developed loss of motion following treatment for a metacarpal or phalangeal fracture. In addition, an aim was to identify possible risk factors for suboptimal improvement in ROM postoperatively. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 18 patients who underwent surgery to improve finger stiffness following metacarpal or phalangeal fracture. Demographic data including age, initial diagnosis and treatment, health history, and worker's compensation status were collected. We determined the number of specific procedures performed at the time of surgery, the number of days between surgical release and initiation of therapy, and the total active motion (TAM) prior to surgical release and at the patient's last follow-up. Results: Mean TAM improved from 150° preoperatively (range 60°-241°) to 191° postoperatively (range 61°-271°). Most patients required multiple anatomic structures released concomitantly, with an average of 3.1. Patients who started physical therapy within 7 days of the release improved by 59°, whereas those who started physical therapy after 7 days (average 11.5 days) lost 19° of motion. Patients who had filed a worker's compensation claim improved an average of 9°, whereas nonworker's compensation patients improved an average of 58°. Degree of TAM improvement had a weak correlation with patient age or preoperative TAM. Conclusions: Surgical release for stiff fingers following hand fractures can offer modest improvements in ROM in some patients. Although the overall increase in motion as a result of these operations is generally limited, functional improvement can be obtained. Delay in initiating physical therapy is a risk factor for persistent or worsened stiffness. Patients involved in worker's compensation claims demonstrated significantly lower TAM improvement after surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F. Lutsky
- Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonas L. Matzon
- Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Dwyer
- Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pedro K. Beredjiklian
- Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Pedro K. Beredjiklian, Rothman Institute of Orthopedics at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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13
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Matzon JL, Lutsky K, Beredjiklian PK. Finger Stiffness After Fracture. J Hand Surg Am 2015; 40:2456-7. [PMID: 26409582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Matzon
- Rothman Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin Lutsky
- Rothman Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Rothman Institute and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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Abstract
The term "stiff finger" refers to a reduction in the range of motion in the finger. Prevention of stiff fingers by judicious mobilization of the joints is prudent to avoid more complicated treatment after established stiffness occurs. Static progressive and dynamic splints are considered effective non-operative interventions to treat stiff fingers. Capsulotomy and collateral ligament release and other soft tissue release of the MCP and PIP joint are also discussed in this article. Future outcomes research is vital to assessing the effectiveness of these surgical procedures and guiding postoperative treatments.
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15
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Hamada Y, Hibino N, Kobayashi A. Surgical rehabilitation for correction of severe flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint by modified Ilizarov method. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:208-10. [PMID: 24334555 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413516243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hamada
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - N Hibino
- Hand Center, Tokushima Naruto Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - A Kobayashi
- Center for Clinical Education, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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16
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Sweet S, Blackmore S. Surgical and therapy update on the management of Dupuytren's disease. J Hand Ther 2014; 27:77-83; quiz 84. [PMID: 24388681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in surgical and therapy management for Dupuytren's disease are highlighted. Indications for treatment and various surgical options for Dupuytren's disease are described. Non-surgical techniques are also presented. Therapy interventions are reviewed. Treatment techniques for the management of secondary problems resulting from prolonged digit flexion are presented. The benefits, limitations and outcomes of treatments are reviewed to assist the reader to link patient specific problems and goals to the most appropriate treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sweet
- The Philadelphia and South Jersey Hand Centers, 700 S. Henderson Road, Suite 200, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Susan Blackmore
- The Philadelphia and South Jersey Hand Centers, 700 S. Henderson Road, Suite 200, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Skirven TM, Bachoura A, Jacoby SM, Culp RW, Osterman AL. The effect of a therapy protocol for increasing correction of severely contracted proximal interphalangeal joints caused by dupuytren disease and treated with collagenase injection. J Hand Surg Am 2013; 38:684-9. [PMID: 23474162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of a specific orthotic intervention and therapy protocol on proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures of greater than 40° caused by Dupuytren disease and treated with collagenase injections. METHODS All patients with PIP joints contracted at least 40° by Dupuytren disease were prospectively invited to participate in the study. Following standard collagenase injection and cord rupture by a hand surgeon, a certified hand therapist evaluated and treated each patient based on a defined treatment protocol that consisted of orthotic intervention to address residual PIP joint contracture. In addition, exercises were initiated emphasizing reverse blocking for PIP joint extension and distal interphalangeal joint flexion exercises with the PIP joint held in extension to lengthen a frequently shortened oblique retinacular ligament. Patients were assessed before injection, immediately after injection, and 1 and 4 weeks later. There were 22 fingers in 21 patients. The mean age at treatment was 63 years (range, 37-80 y). RESULTS The mean baseline passive PIP joint contracture was 56° (range, 40° to 80°). At cord rupture, the mean PIP joint contracture became 22° (range, 0° to 55°). One week after cord rupture and therapy, the contracture decreased further to a mean of 12° (range, 0° to 36°). By 4 weeks, the mean contracture was 7° (range, 0° to 35°). The differences in PIP joint contracture were statistically significant at all time points except when comparing the means at 1 week and 4 weeks. The results represent an 88% improvement of the PIP joint contracture. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, it appears that severe PIP joint contractures benefit from specific, postinjection orthotic intervention and targeted exercises. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri M Skirven
- Philadelphia Hand Center, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 21218, USA
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18
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Saito S, Suzuki S, Suzuki Y. Biomechanical differences of the proximal interphalangeal joint volar plate during active and passive motion: a dynamic ultrasonographic study. J Hand Surg Am 2012; 37:1335-41. [PMID: 22537585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the biomechanical differences of the volar plate (VP) of the proximal interphalangeal joint during active and passive motion, which may provide clues to understanding the functional importance of the volar elevation of the VP. METHODS We imaged the volar aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint in 10 healthy middle fingers using ultrasonography. Cine videos recorded the movements of the VP during joint motion from full extension to more than 60° of flexion both actively and passively. We plotted 5 points on the volar surface of the VP and traced them for motion analysis. We statistically analyzed the volar distances and volar angulation of the VP in full extension, 30°, 45°, and 60° of flexion to determine the differences between active and passive flexion. RESULTS In active flexion, the VP showed significantly higher volar distances in 45° and 60° and changed its configuration from the original flattened figure to an inverted U shape, with a significant higher angulation at 45° compared with passive flexion. Conversely, in passive flexion, we did not observe the volar elevation of the VP and the flattened configuration was maintained throughout the motion arc. CONCLUSIONS From an anatomical viewpoint, volar elevation of the VP seen in active flexion could provide dynamic stresses on the adjacent ligaments and contribute to the stability and smooth gliding of the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saito
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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Wollstein R, Rodgers J, Ogden T, Loeffler J, Pearlman J. A novel splint for proximal interphalangeal joint contractures: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93:1856-9. [PMID: 22484101 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures are notoriously difficult to treat. Best results are obtained with early mobilization and splinting, though a high level of adherence is critical for a good outcome. A new roll-on splint that aims to increase motion with minimal difficulty was used. The patient described here with moderate PIP joint contractures (30°-60°) was treated successfully using this splint. The splint design and therapy protocol are described. The patient was treated for 12 weeks with good adherence to therapy and splinting. Total active motion increased by 87% in the index finger and 108% in the ring finger. Grip, pinch, and tip-pinch strengths increased. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score improved from 26.7% to 2.5%. At 3 months, the patient returned to work. Though this case illustrates some of the advantages and disadvantages of the new splint, further study is necessary to evaluate the splint and compare it with other existing forms of treatment for PIP joint contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Wollstein
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Cerovac S, Stanley J. Outcome review on the percutaneous release of the proximal interphalangeal joint accessory collateral ligaments. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2011; 1:e19. [PMID: 21808681 PMCID: PMC3143983 DOI: 10.4081/or.2009.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The percutaneous release of accessory collateral ligaments was introduced in 1986 as a safe and quick procedure to be attempted before open, more extensive joint release in the treatment of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion contracture. Our study analyzed the long-term results and patient satisfaction following a percutaneous release in 30 joints after a mean follow-up period of 34 months. In one half of cases the preoperative joint flexion deformity was reduced from 78° to 34°. The best results were observed in patients with osteoarthritis and stiff, immobilized joints. In patients with inflammatory arthritides, marked intraoperative correction was maintained rarely, joint contractures recurred early, and patients were unsatisfied. There were no intraoperative complications. Percutaneous release of the accessory collateral ligaments can produce a long lasting correction of the joint contracture, but careful patient selection and strict postoperative rehabilitation are essential for favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Cerovac
- Wrightington Hospital, Upper Limb Division, Wigan, UK
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[Contracture release of PIP and MP joints : classification, technique and results]. DER ORTHOPADE 2008; 37:1171-9. [PMID: 19048228 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-008-1323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With regard to finger joint contractures, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion contractures and metacarpophalangeal (MP) extension contractures are of utmost clinical importance. Exact clinical examination allows differentiation between pure joint contractures and complex cases. For PIP flexion contractures, a midlateral incision is preferable to a palmar approach, if possible. In this article, the indications, surgical techniques, and postoperative management concerning PIP flexion and MP extension contractures are addressed, and published results are discussed. Complete surgical contracture release, consistent postoperative treatment, and good compliance are the prerequisites for satisfying results.
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Abstract
Normal motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint requires bony support, intact articular surfaces, unimpeded tendon gliding, and uncompromised integrity of the collateral ligaments and volar plate. Deficiency in any one of these structural requirements can lead to a loss of finger joint motion and decreased hand function. Once finger extension is lost, options include nonsurgical or surgical treatment. Nonsurgical treatment such as splinting or serial casting should be tried before attempting surgical intervention. When severe flexion deformity exists or the vascular status of the finger has been compromised, arthrodesis or amputation should be undertaken instead of procedures to regain motion. Surgical options for regaining motion include external fixators and open surgical release. Although they can lead to improved extension at the proximal interphalangeal joint, external fixators carry a risk of reduced finger flexion and pin site infection. Most clinical series of patients who have undergone surgical release document improvement in flexion contracture between 25 degrees to 30 degrees and a shift of the flexion/extension arc into a more functional range. Close follow-up after surgery is warranted, with frequent physical therapy and splinting.
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Allison DM. Anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint. J Hand Surg Am 2005; 30:1026-31. [PMID: 16182063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study and clarify the anatomy of the proper collateral ligaments and accessory collateral ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint. METHODS The collateral ligaments of 8 proximal interphalangeal joints were dissected under an operating microscope to gain an appreciation of their fiber direction and the anatomy of their origin and insertion. Two undissected joints were studied histologically. RESULTS The proper collateral ligament was found to arise widely from dorsal and proximal to and from the fovea on the side of the head of the proximal phalanx and insert for some distance on most of the side of the base of the middle phalanx. The ligament is stout and its fibers are oriented parallel to the middle phalanx in all positions of the joint. The accessory collateral ligament was found to be a less substantial structure lying between the proper collateral ligament and the volar plate. CONCLUSIONS The anatomy shown by this study is quite different from that shown in most of the anatomic and hand surgery literature, particularly in line drawings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Allison
- Centre for Hand and Wrist Surgery, West Perth, Western Australia.
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Ghidella SD, Segalman KA, Murphey MS. Long-term results of surgical management of proximal interphalangeal joint contracture. J Hand Surg Am 2002; 27:799-805. [PMID: 12239667 DOI: 10.1053/jhsu.2002.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the long-term results of surgical treatment of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures, 68 PIP joints were retrospectively reviewed with a minimum follow-up period of 24 months. Preoperative and intraoperative factors were studied for outcomes and subjected to statistical analysis. Among the total group the average improvement was 7.5 degrees. When grouped by diagnosis into simple (less severe diagnoses) and complex (more severe diagnoses) the average degrees gained were 17.2 degrees and 0.5 degrees, respectively. The statistically significant factors that were identified that affected results were age, number of prior procedures, preoperative flexion, removal of an exostosis, number of structures addressed, and preoperative arc of motion. The second surgery (joints requiring repeat release or salvage procedure) rates were 35% overall, 29% simple, and 39% complex; the difference was not significant. The best surgical candidate is a patient younger than 28 years with a less severe diagnosis and who has preoperative maximum flexion measurement < 43 degrees.
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