Regulation of the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1): pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus?

Regulation of PAI-1 expression by genetic polymorphisms. Impact on atherogenesis

Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is now considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Numerous biochemical factors have been found to regulate the expression of PAI-1 gene and the synthesis of PAI-1 protein. In the recent past, polymorphisms in the PAI-1 gene have been identified and their impact on PAI-1 expression has been characterized. This article will review the current knowledge of these PAI-1 gene polymorphisms (in cell culture epidemiological, and clinical studies) and their role in the development of cardiovascular disease.