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Dachev TP, Semkova JV, Tomov BT, Matviichuk YN, Dimitrov PG, Koleva RT, Malchev S, Bankov NG, Shurshakov VA, Benghin VV, Yarmanova EN, Ivanova OA, Häder DP, Lebert M, Schuster MT, Reitz G, Horneck G, Uchihori Y, Kitamura H, Ploc O, Cubancak J, Nikolaev I. Overview of the Liulin type instruments for space radiation measurement and their scientific results. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2015; 4:92-114. [PMID: 26177624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is recognized to be one of the main health concerns for humans in the space radiation environment. Estimation of space radiation effects on health requires the accurate knowledge of the accumulated absorbed dose, which depends on the global space radiation distribution, solar cycle and local shielding generated by the 3D mass distribution of the space vehicle. This paper presents an overview of the spectrometer-dosimeters of the Liulin type, which were developed in the late 1980s and have been in use since then. Two major measurement systems have been developed by our team. The first one is based on one silicon detector and is known as a Liulin-type deposited energy spectrometer (DES) (Dachev et al., 2002, 2003), while the second one is a dosimetric telescope (DT) with two or three silicon detectors. The Liulin-type instruments were calibrated using a number of radioactive sources and particle accelerators. The main results of the calibrations are presented in the paper. In the last section of the paper some of the most significant scientific results obtained in space and on aircraft, balloon and rocket flights since 1989 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Dachev
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - J V Semkova
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B T Tomov
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yu N Matviichuk
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P G Dimitrov
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R T Koleva
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - St Malchev
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N G Bankov
- Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - V A Shurshakov
- State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Benghin
- State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Yarmanova
- State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Ivanova
- State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - D-P Häder
- Neue Str. 9, 91096 Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - M Lebert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department for Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M T Schuster
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department for Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Reitz
- DLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - G Horneck
- DLR, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences-STA, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Kitamura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences-STA, Chiba, Japan
| | - O Ploc
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech AS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Cubancak
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech AS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Nikolaev
- S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, Moscow, Russia
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Semkova J, Koleva R, Todorova G, Kanchev N, Petrov V, Shurshakov V, Tchhernykh I, Kireeva S. Instrumentation for investigation of the depth-dose distribution by the Liulin-5 instrument of a human phantom on the Russian segment of ISS for estimation of the radiation risk during long term space flights. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2004; 34:1297-301. [PMID: 15880917 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Described is the Liulin-5 experiment and instrumentation, developed for investigation of the space radiation doses depth distribution in a human phantom on the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS). Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on ISS. The experiment MATROSHKA-R is aimed to study the depth dose distribution at the sites of critical organs of the human body, using models of human body-anthropomorphic and spherical tissue-equivalent phantoms. The aim of Liulin-5 experiment is long term (4-5 years) investigation of the radiation environment dynamics inside the spherical tissue-equivalent phantom, mounted in different places of the Russian Segment of ISS. Energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer spectra, flux and dose rates for protons and the biologically-relevant heavy ion components of the galactic cosmic radiation will be measured simultaneously with near real time resolution at different depths of the phantom by a telescope of silicon detectors. Data obtained together with data from other active and passive dosimeters will be used to estimate the radiation risk to the crewmembers, verify the models of radiation environment in low Earth orbit, validate body transport model and correlate organ level dose to skin dose. Presented are the test results of the prototype unit. The spherical phantom will be flown on the ISS in 2004 year and Liulin-5 experiment is planned for 2005 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Semkova
- Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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