1
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Wang S, Chen W, Syue M, Tan K, Chen I. Rapid relaxation pathway of the excited state of linear merocyanines in solutions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐An Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Hao Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Lun Syue
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kui‐Thong Tan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - I‐Chia Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu, Taiwan Republic of China
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2
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Beaula TJ, Muthuraja P, Dhandapani M, Jothy VB. Effect of charge transfer with spectral analysis on the antibacterial compound 4-(Dimethyl amino) pyridine: 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid: Experimental and theoretical perspective. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Divya P, Muthuraja P, Dhandapani M, Bena Jothy V. Pesticidal compound Pirimicarb: Spectral analysis, DFT computations, molecular docking study and in vitro bioactivity. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Yao HH, Cheng HH, Cheng CH, Lin CK, Yang JS, Chen IC. Charge-transfer and isomerization reactions of trans-4-(N-arylamino)stilbenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28164-28174. [PMID: 27711586 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the excited-state dynamics of trans-4-(N-arylamino)stilbenes with aryl = phenyl (p1H), 4-methoxyphenyl (p1OM), or 4-cyanophenyl (p1CN) in solvents of varied polarity and viscosity by using femtosecond transient absorption and time-correlated single photon counting techniques. In nonpolar solvents the decay is triexponential, in which the rapid component corresponds to vibrational cooling combined with solvation, the intermediate temporal component 41-120 ps to trans-cis isomerization, and the long one ∼1 ns to fluorescence decay of the S1 state. The S1 state has a delocalized geometry and charge-transfer characteristics, corresponding to a planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state. In polar solvents, an excited-state absorption band appears near 520 and 480 nm for p1OM and p1CN, respectively but not for p1H. This band has a rise lifetime of 4.3/7.5, 16.3/9.4, and 29.5/16 ps for p1CN/p1OM in acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively and matches the decay of the 600 nm PICT band. This band is thus assigned to the absorption of a singlet twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT). The conversion rate decreases as the solvent viscosity is increased and is consistent with a large structural variation amplitude. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT), method PEB0, were employed to obtain the optimized structures and energies of those states. The PICT state possesses delocalized π electrons along the molecule. The TICT for p1CN is formed by twisting about the aminostilbene-benzonitrile C-N bond by ∼90°, but it is about the stilbene-aniline C-N bond for p1OM. We observed faster conversion rates for p1CN in alcoholic solvents, in which the lifetimes for both the PICT and TICT states are shortened to 20-99 ps and 120-660 ps, respectively, as a result of solvent-solute H-bonding interactions. In p1OM, the TICT state has an elongated C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond in the stilbene moiety, which might facilitate the trans-cis isomerization reaction and thus account for the relatively short lifetime of 58-420 ps in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsiao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
| | - Hsu-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
| | - Chao-Han Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Kai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China.
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China.
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
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5
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Amalanathan M, Jasmine GF, Roy SDD. Comparative studies on molecular structure, vibrational spectra and hyperpolarizabilies of NLO chromophore Ethyl 4-Dimethylaminobenzoate. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Alcolea Palafox M, Bena Jothy V, Singhal S, Hubert Joe I, Kumar S, Rastogi VK. FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra and other molecular properties of 3,5-dichlorobenzonitrile: a DFT study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:509-517. [PMID: 23978738 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The IR and Raman spectra of 3,5-dichlorobenzonitrile (3,5-DCBN) molecule were recorded at room temperature and then the assignment of the observed fundamental bands were achieved by the aid of the theoretical vibrational spectral data obtained from a quantum chemical study carried out for the free molecule case. In the calculations performed to determine the molecular geometry, vibrational spectral data and thermodynamic parameters, Møller-Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2) and hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) types of electronic structure methods, B3LYP and B3PW91, were used. The overestimations of the calculated harmonic wavenumbers were efficiently corrected by the aid of a specific scaling procedure. This empirical scaling process significantly increased the reliability of our assignments and analyses on the observed bands due to different vibrational normal modes of the molecule. For the majority of the normal modes, the deviations between the corresponding experimental and scaled theoretical wavenumbers have located in the expected range. A correct characterization of the normal modes is of vital importance in the assignment of the observed bands, and this was successfully done by the aid of the Potential Energy Distributions (PEDs) separately calculated for each normal mode of 3,5-DCBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcolea Palafox
- Departamento de Química-Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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7
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Suresh DM, Sajan D, Diao YP, Němec I, Hubert Joe I, Bena Jothy V. Structural conformations and density functional study on the intramolecular charge transfer based on vibrational spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-N'-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:157-168. [PMID: 23563635 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The NIR-FT Raman and FT-IR spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-N'-(methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide (DMBBH) molecule have been recorded and analyzed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level has been used to compute energies of different conformers of DMBBH to find out their stability, the optimized geometry of the most stable conformer and its vibrational spectrum. Information about the size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecules has been obtained by mapping electron density isosurface with electrostatic potential surfaces (ESP). A complete vibrational analysis has been attempted on the basis of experimental infrared and Raman spectra and calculated vibrational modes and potential energy distribution over the internal coordinates. The vibrational analysis confirm the charge transfer interaction between the phenyl rings through C=N-N skeleton. The broadening of the band at 1631 cm(-1) and the appearance of the band at 1556 cm(-1) strongly suggests the existence of proton equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Suresh
- Government Arts College, Stone Hill House, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris 643 002, Tamilnadu, India
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8
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Sert Y, Çırak Ç, Ucun F. Vibrational analysis of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile by quantum chemical calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 107:248-255. [PMID: 23434551 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the experimental and theoretical harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile were investigated. The experimental FT-IR (400-4000 cm(-1)) and μ-Raman spectra (100-4000 cm(-1)) of the molecule in the solid phase were recorded. Theoretical vibrational frequencies and geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) were calculated using ab initio Hartree Fock (HF), density functional B3LYP and M06-2X methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09 W program, for the first time. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies were performed by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis by using VEDA 4 program. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies were compared with the corresponding experimental data, and they were seen to be in a good agreement with each other. Also, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sert
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
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9
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Park M, Kim CH, Joo T. Multifaceted Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Transfer Dynamics of 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:370-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310842z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongkee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang
790-784, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Max Planck
Center for Attosecond
Science (MPC-AS), POSTECH, Pohang 790-784,
Korea
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang
790-784, Korea
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10
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Anitha S, Karthikeyan J, Nityananda Shetty A. Molecular structure and conformation study of p-[N,N-bis(2-Chloroethyl)amino] benzaldehyde-4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476612050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Arjunan V, Carthigayan K, Periandy S, Balamurugan K, Mohan S. Quantum chemical studies and vibrational analysis of 4-acetyl benzonitrile, 4-formyl benzonitrile and 4-hydroxy benzonitrile--a comparative study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 98:156-169. [PMID: 23000928 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR and FT-Raman vibrational spectra of 4-actetyl benzonitrile, 4-formyl benzonitrile and 4-hydroxy benzonitrile molecules have been recorded in the range 4000-400 and 4000-100 cm(-1), respectively. The complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the most stable geometry of the compounds were carried out using the experimental FTIR and FT-Raman data on the basis of peak positions, relative intensities and quantum chemical studies. The observed vibrational frequencies were compared with the theoretical wavenumbers of the optimised geometry of the compounds obtained from the DFT-B3LYP gradient calculations employing the standard 6-31G**, high level 6-311++G** and cc-pVDZ basis sets. The structural parameters and vibrational wavenumbers obtained from the DFT methods are in good agreement with the experimental data. With hope of providing more and effective information on the fundamental vibrations, total energy distributions of the fundamental modes have been performed by assuming C(s) point group symmetry. The effect of substituents -COCH(3), -CHO and -OH in the benzonitrile moiety have been analysed and compared. The kinetic and thermodynamic stability and chemical hardness of the molecule have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arjunan
- Department of Chemistry, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post-Graduate Studies, Puducherry 605 008, India.
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12
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Rhinehart JM, Challa JR, McCamant DW. Multimode Charge-Transfer Dynamics of 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitrile Probed with Ultraviolet Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10522-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Rhinehart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - J. Reddy Challa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - David W. McCamant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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13
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John CJ, Amalanathan M, Twinkle AR, Srinivasan P, Joe IH. Vibrational spectra and first order hyperpolarizability studies of dimethyl amino pyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 81:151-161. [PMID: 21737342 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectra of the organic nonlinear optical crystallized dimethyl amino pyridinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol have been recorded and analyzed. The spectral interpretation has been done based on the density functional theory using the standard B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set. Total energy distribution is calculated using the scaled quantum mechanic program. Natural bond orbital analysis is also used to explain the inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding. The relative second harmonic efficiency of the compound is found to be 15 times greater than that of KDP. The effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the phenolate ion of 4-nitrophenol with N-atom of pyridine ring is sufficiently more, enhancing the β value which is the required property of a system to be NLO active.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jesintha John
- Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 015, Kerala, India
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14
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Pathak S, Kumar A, Tandon P. Molecular structure and vibrational spectroscopic investigation of 4-chloro-4′dimethylamino-benzylidene aniline using density functional theory. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Rhinehart JM, Mehlenbacher RD, McCamant D. Probing the Charge Transfer Reaction Coordinate of 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitrile with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14646-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1023982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Rhinehart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
| | | | - David McCamant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216
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16
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Ravikumar C, Joe IH, Jayakumar V. Charge transfer interactions and nonlinear optical properties of push–pull chromophore benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone: A vibrational approach. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lewis JD, Towrie M, Moore JN. Ground- and Excited-State Infrared Spectra of an Azacrown-Substituted [(bpy)Re(CO)3L]+ Complex: Structure and Bonding in Ground and Excited States and Effects of Ba2+ Binding. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3852-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared D. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - John N. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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18
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The vibrational spectra of N-phenylpyrrole in the gas phase, in argon matrices and in single crystals. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Lewis JD, Clark IP, Moore JN. Ground and Excited State Resonance Raman Spectra of an Azacrown-Substituted [(bpy)Re(CO)3L]+ Complex: Characterization of Excited States, Determination of Structure and Bonding, and Observation of Metal Cation Release from the Azacrown. J Phys Chem A 2006; 111:50-8. [PMID: 17201387 DOI: 10.1021/jp065563x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A [(bpy)Re(CO)3L+] complex (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) in which L contains a phenyl-azacrown ether that is attached to Re via an amidopyridyl linking group has been studied by steady state and nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Vibrational band assignments have been aided by studies of model complexes in which a similar electron-donating dimethylamino group replaces the azacrown or in which an electron-donor group is absent, and by density functional theory calculations. The ground state resonance Raman spectra show nu(bpy) and nu(CO) bands of the (bpy)Re(CO)3 group when excitation is exclusively in resonance with the Re --> bpy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition, whereas L ligand bands are dominant when it is in resonance with the strong intra-ligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transition present for L ligands with electron-donor groups. Transient resonance Raman (RR) spectra obtained on single color (385 nm) pulsed excitation of the complexes in which an electron-donor group is absent show bpy*- bands of the MLCT excited state, whereas those of the complexes with electron-donor groups show both bpy*- bands and a down-shifted nu(CO) band that together are characteristic of an L-to-bpy ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (LLCT) excited state. Samples in which a metal cation (Li+, Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+) is bound to the azacrown in the ground state show bands from both excited states, consistent with a mechanism in which the LLCT state forms after metal cation release from the MLCT state. Nanosecond time-resolved RR spectra from two-color (355 nm pump, 500 nm probe) experiments on the electron-donor systems show L-ligand bands characteristic of the LLCT state; the same bands are observed from samples in which a metal cation is bound to the azacrown in the ground state, and their time dependence is consistent with the proposed mechanism in which the rate constant for ion release in the MLCT state depends on the identity of the metal cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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20
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Ma C, Zuo P, Kwok WM, Chan WS, Kan JTW, Toy PH, Phillips DL. Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of the Triplet States of p-Hydroxyacetophenone and the p-Hydroxyphenacyl Diethyl Phosphate Phototrigger Compound. J Org Chem 2004; 69:6641-57. [PMID: 15387586 DOI: 10.1021/jo049331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pico- and nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectroscopy have been utilized to study the dynamics and structure of p-hydroxyacetophenone (HA) and the p-hydroxyphenacyl-caged phototrigger compound p-hydroxyphenacyl diethyl phosphate (HPDP) in acetonitrile solution. Transient intermediates were detected and attributed to the triplet states of HA and HPDP. Nanosecond-TR3 measurements were done for two isotopically substituted HA molecules to help better assign the triplet state carbonyl C=O stretching and the ring related vibrational modes. The dynamics of formation and the spectral characteristics for the triplet states were found to be similar for the HA and HPDP. The temporal evolution at very early picosecond time scale indicates there is rapid intersystem crossing (ISC) conversion and subsequent relaxation of the excess energy of the initially produced energetic triplet state. B3LYP/6-311G** density functional theory (DFT) calculations were done to determine the structures and vibrational frequencies for both the triplet and ground states of HA and HPDP. The calculated spectra reproduce the experimental spectra and the observed isotopic shifts reasonably well and were used to make tentative assignments to all the experimentally observed features. The triplet states were found to have extensive conjugated pipi* nature with a single-bond-like carbonyl CO bond. We briefly compare the triplet structure and formation dynamics of HA and HPDP as well as the conformational changes upon going from the ground state to the triplet state. We discuss our present results in relation to the initial pathway for the p-hydroxyphenacyl photodeprotection process. We also compare and discuss the properties of the HA pipi* triplet state relative to the published results of other aromatic carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China
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21
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Jamorski CJ, Casida ME. Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory Investigation of the Fluorescence Behavior as a Function of Alkyl Chain Size for the 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile-like Donor−Acceptor Systems 4-(N,N-Diethylamino)benzonitrile and 4-(N,N-Diisopropylamino)benzonitrile. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0307699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jödicke Jamorski
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and Laboratoire d'Études Dynamiques et Structurales de la Sélectivité (LÉDSS), Équipe de Chimie Théorique (LÉSS-ÉCT), Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble I), 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Mark E. Casida
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and Laboratoire d'Études Dynamiques et Structurales de la Sélectivité (LÉDSS), Équipe de Chimie Théorique (LÉSS-ÉCT), Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble I), 38041 Grenoble, France
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22
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Techert S, Zachariasse KA. Structure Determination of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer State in Crystalline 4-(Diisopropylamino)benzonitrile from Picosecond X-ray Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:5593-600. [PMID: 15113231 DOI: 10.1021/ja0379518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of photoexcited crystalline 4-(diisopropylamino)benzonitrile (DIABN) is determined by time-resolved X-ray diffraction with a time resolution of 70 ps. Spectroscopic results suggest that an ICT state with a lifetime of 3 ns is produced after photoexcitation. According to structural refinement of the X-ray data (powder diffraction), the torsional angle of the diisopropylamino group with respect to the plane of the phenyl ring of DIABN decreases from 14 degrees in the electronic ground state to 10 degrees in the equilibrated ICT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Techert
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Goettingen, Germany.
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23
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Rappoport D, Furche F. Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer in 4-(Dimethyl)aminobenzonitrile − A Theoretical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1277-84. [PMID: 14746501 DOI: 10.1021/ja037806u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) have led to computational methods that can predict properties of photoexcited molecules with satisfactory accuracy at comparably moderate cost. We apply these methods to study the photophysics and photochemistry of 4-(dimethyl)aminobenzonitrile (DMABN). DMABN is considered the paradigm of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), leading to dual fluorescence in polar solvents. By comparison of calculated emission energies, dipole moments, and vibrational frequencies with recent results from transient spectroscopy measurements, a definitive assignment of the electronic and geometric structure of the two lowest singlet excited states of DMABN is possible for the first time. We investigate the mechanism of the ICT reaction by means of minimum energy path calculations. The results confirm existing state-crossing models of dual fluorescence. Our study suggests that analytical TDDFT derivative methods will be useful to predict and classify emissive properties of other donor-acceptor systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Rappoport
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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Jamorski CJ, Lüthi HP. Rational classification of a series of aromatic donor–acceptor systems within the twisting intramolecular charge transfer model, a time-dependent density-functional theory investigation. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1627292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Schweke D, Haas Y. The Fluorescence of N-Phenylpyrrole in an Argon/Acetonitrile Matrix. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035959y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Schweke
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yehuda Haas
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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26
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Grabowski ZR, Rotkiewicz K, Rettig W. Structural Changes Accompanying Intramolecular Electron Transfer: Focus on Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer States and Structures. Chem Rev 2003; 103:3899-4032. [PMID: 14531716 DOI: 10.1021/cr940745l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2251] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Saigusa H, Miyakoshi N, Mukai C, Fukagawa T, Kohtani S, Nakagaki R, Gordon R. Twisted S1 excited state geometries in 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and dimethylaniline: New -d6 origin bands. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1598959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Szydłowska I, Kyrychenko A, Gorski A, Waluk J, Herbich J. Excited states of 4-dimethylaminopyridines: magnetic circular dichroism and computational studies. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:187-94. [PMID: 12713216 DOI: 10.1039/b210908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet transitions of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and its derivatives: 3-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and 3,5-dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine were investigated by electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, and by quantum chemical calculations. The ortho-methylation in the pyridine ring creates a steric hindrance to coplanarity. The resulting changes in the strength of the dimethylamino substitutent are reflected in the MCD spectra. Near-UV experimental data indicate a presence of three low-energy transitions, assigned to 1Lb, 1La and 1(n,pi*) excited states. These results are corroborated by TD-DFT and INDO/S calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szydłowska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44152, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Okamoto H, Kinoshita M, Kohtani S, Nakagaki R, Zachariasse KA. Picosecond Infrared Spectra and Structure of Locally Excited and Charge Transfer Excited States of Isotope-Labeled 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitriles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Ma C, Kwok WM, Matousek P, Parker AW, Phillips D, Toner WT, Towrie M. Excited States of 4-Aminobenzonitrile (ABN) and 4-Dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN): Time-resolved Resonance Raman, Transient Absorption, Fluorescence, and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012765e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. M. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - P. Matousek
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A. W. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - D. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. T. Toner
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M. Towrie
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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31
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Okamoto H, Kinoshita M. Picosecond Infrared Spectrum of 4-(Pyrrol-1-yl)benzonitrile: Structure of the Excited Charge-Transfer States of Donor−Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0126098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Okamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan, and Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mariko Kinoshita
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan, and Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Parusel ABJ, Rettig W, Sudholt W. A Comparative Theoretical Study on DMABN: Significance of Excited State Optimized Geometries and Direct Comparison of Methodologies. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp015513m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. J. Parusel
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 95b, 1030 Vienna, Austria, Institut für Chemie, Fach-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rettig
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 95b, 1030 Vienna, Austria, Institut für Chemie, Fach-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wibke Sudholt
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 95b, 1030 Vienna, Austria, Institut für Chemie, Fach-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Ma C, Kwok W, Matousek P, Parker A, Phillips D, Toner W, Towrie M. Resonance Raman study of ring deuterated 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN-d4): the ground, ICT and triplet states. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Ma C, Kwok WM, Matousek P, Parker AW, Phillips D, Toner WT, Towrie M. Time-Resolved Study of the Triplet State of 4-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. M. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - P. Matousek
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A. W. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - D. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. T. Toner
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M. Towrie
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AY, UK, Central Laser Facility, CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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35
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Okamoto H, Inishi H, Nakamura Y, Kohtani S, Nakagaki R. Picosecond Infrared Spectra of Isotope-Substituted 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitriles and Molecular Structure of the Charge-Transfer Singlet Excited State. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0039363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Okamoto
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hironori Inishi
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohtani
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakagaki
- Research Centre for Spectrochemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
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