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Totani R, Ljubić I, Ciavardini A, Grazioli C, Galdenzi F, de Simone M, Coreno M. Frontier orbital stability of nitroxyl organic radicals probed by means of inner shell resonantly enhanced valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35018901 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frontier orbitals of persistent organic radicals known as nitroxyls by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (ResPES) under inner shell excitation. By means of this site-specific technique, we were able to disentangle the different atomic contributions to the outer valence molecular orbitals and examine several core-hole relaxation pathways involving the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) localized on the nitroxyl group. To interpret the ResPES intensity trends, especially the strong enhancement of the SOMO ionized state at the N K-edge, we computed the Dyson spin orbitals (DSOs) pertaining to the transitions between the core-excited initial states and several of the singly ionized valence final states. We found that the computed vertical valence ionization potentials and norms of the DSOs are reasonably reliable when based on the long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP density functional. Thanks to their unpaired electrons, nitroxyls have recently found application in technological fields implying a spin control, such as spintronics and quantum computing. The present findings on the electronic structure of nitroxyl persistent radicals furnish important hints for their implementation in technological devices and, more in general, for the synthesis of new and stable organic radicals with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - I Ljubić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Ciavardini
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Galdenzi
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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2
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Li S, Driver T, Rosenberger P, Champenois EG, Duris J, Al-Haddad A, Averbukh V, Barnard JCT, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum PH, Coffee RN, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Garratt D, Gatton A, Guo Z, Hartmann G, Haxton D, Helml W, Huang Z, LaForge AC, Kamalov A, Knurr J, Lin MF, Lutman AA, MacArthur JP, Marangos JP, Nantel M, Natan A, Obaid R, O'Neal JT, Shivaram NH, Schori A, Walter P, Wang AL, Wolf TJA, Zhang Z, Kling MF, Marinelli A, Cryan JP. Attosecond coherent electron motion in Auger-Meitner decay. Science 2022; 375:285-290. [PMID: 34990213 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In quantum systems, coherent superpositions of electronic states evolve on ultrafast time scales (few femtoseconds to attoseconds; 1 attosecond = 0.001 femtoseconds = 10-18 seconds), leading to a time-dependent charge density. Here we performed time-resolved measurements using attosecond soft x-ray pulses produced by a free-electron laser, to track the evolution of a coherent core-hole excitation in nitric oxide. Using an additional circularly polarized infrared laser pulse, we created a clock to time-resolve the electron dynamics and demonstrated control of the coherent electron motion by tuning the photon energy of the x-ray pulse. Core-excited states offer a fundamental test bed for studying coherent electron dynamics in highly excited and strongly correlated matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taran Driver
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philipp Rosenberger
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Vitali Averbukh
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C T Barnard
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Louis F DiMauro
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Garratt
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Averell Gatton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoheng Guo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregor Hartmann
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Helml
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Andrei Kamalov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jonas Knurr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - James P MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jon P Marangos
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Nantel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jordan T O'Neal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Niranjan H Shivaram
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aviad Schori
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Anna Li Wang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Matthias F Kling
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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