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Hamilton T, Peng Y. The removal of lead from chalcopyrite surfaces in relation to radionuclide removal from copper minerals. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effect of Power Ultrasound on Wettability and Collector-Less Floatability of Chalcopyrite, Pyrite and Quartz. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have addressed the role of ultrasonication on floatability of minerals macroscopically. However, the impact of acoustic waves on the mineral hydrophobicity and its physicochemical aspects were entirely overlooked in the literature. This paper mainly investigates the impact of ultrasonic power and its time on the wettability and floatability of chalcopyrite, pyrite and quartz. For this purpose, contact angle and collectorless microflotation tests were implemented on the ultrasonic-pretreated and non-treated chalcopyrite, pyrite and quartz minerals. The ultrasonic process was carried out by a probe-type ultrasound (Sonopuls, 20 kHz and 60 W) at various ultrasonication time (0.5–30 min) and power (0–180 W) while the dissolved oxygen (DO), liquid temperature, conductivity (CD) and pH were continuously monitored. Comparative assessment of wettabilities in the presence of a constant low-powered (60 W) acoustic pre-treatment uncovered that surface of all three minerals became relatively hydrophilic. Meanwhile, increasing sonication intensity enhanced their hydrophilicities to some extent except for quartz at the highest power-level. This was mainly related to generation of hydroxyl radicals, iron-deficient chalcopyrite and elemental sulfur (for chalcopyrite), formation of OH and H radicals together with H2O2 (for pyrite) and creation of SiOH (silanol) groups and hydrogen bond with water dipoles (for quartz). Finally, it was also found that increasing sonication time led to enhancement of liquid temperature and conductivity but diminished pH and degree of dissolved oxygen, which indirectly influenced the mineral wettabilities and floatabilities. Although quartz and pyrite ultrasound-treated micro-flotation recoveries were lower than that of conventional ones, an optimum power-level of 60–90 W was identified for maximizing chalcopyrite recovery.
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A Review of Recent Advances in Depression Techniques for Flotation Separation of Cu–Mo Sulfides in Porphyry Copper Deposits. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are some of the most important sources of copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo). Typically, the separation and recovery of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and molybdenite (MoS2), the major Cu and Mo minerals, respectively, in PCDs are achieved by two-step flotation involving (1) bulk flotation to separate Cu–Mo concentrates and tailings (e.g., pyrite, silicate, and aluminosilicate minerals) and (2) Cu–Mo flotation to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite. In Cu–Mo flotation, chalcopyrite is depressed using Cu depressants, such as NaHS, Na2S, Nokes reagent (P2S5 + NaOH), and NaCN, meaning that it is recovered as tailings, while molybdenite is floated and recovered as froth product. Although conventionally used depressants are effective in the separation of Cu and Mo, they have the potential to emit toxic and deadly gases such as H2S and HCN when operating conditions are not properly controlled. To address these problems caused by the use of conventional depressants, many studies aimed to develop alternative methods of depressing either chalcopyrite or molybdenite. In this review, recent advances in chalcopyrite and molybdenite depressions for Cu–Mo flotation separation are reviewed, including alternative organic and inorganic depressants for Cu or Mo, as well as oxidation-treatment technologies, such as ozone (O3), plasma, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolysis, which create hydrophilic coatings on the mineral surface.
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Parametric Optimization in Rougher Flotation Performance of a Sulfidized Mixed Copper Ore. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dominant challenge of current copper beneficiation plants is the low recoverability of oxide copper-bearing minerals associated with sulfide type ones. Furthermore, applying commonly used conventional methodologies does not allow the interactional effects of critical parameters in the flotation processes to be investigated, which is mostly overlooked in the literature. To tackle this issue, the present paper aimed at characterizing the behavior of five key effective factors and their interactions in a sulfidized copper ore. In this context, dosage of collector (sodium di-ethydithiophosphate, 60–100 g/t), depressant (sodium silicate, 80–120 g/t) and frother (methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), 6–10 g/t), pulp pH (7–11) and agitation rate (900–1300 rpm) were examined and statistically analyzed using response surface methodology. Flotation experiments were conducted in a Denver type agitated flotation cell at the rougher stage. The experimental results showed that increasing the pH (from 8 to 10) at low agitation rate (1000 rpm) enhanced the recovery from 80.36% to 85.22%, while at high agitation rate (1200 rpm), a slight declination occurred in the recovery. Meanwhile, increasing the collector dosage at a lower frother value (7 g/t), caused a reduction of about 4.44% in copper recovery owing to the interactions between factors, whereas at a higher frother level (9 g/t), the recovery was almost unchanged. The optimization process was also performed using the goal function approach, and maximum copper recovery of 92.75% was obtained using ~70 g/t collector, 110 g/t depressant, 7 g/t frother, pulp pH of 10 and 1000 rpm agitation rate.
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Masdarian M, Azizi A, Bahri Z. Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and its effect on the flotation efficiency. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Application of Depletion Attraction in Mineral Flotation: II. Effects of Depletant Concentration. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Along with the accompanying theory article, we experimentally investigate the effect of the depletion attraction force on the flotation of malachite. While varying the concentration of the depletion agent (polyethylene glycol), three different systems are studied: pure malachite, pure silica and a 1:1 mass ratio of malachite and silica binary system. We find that the recovery increases significantly as the concentration of the depletion reagents increases for all three systems. However, the recovery suddenly decreases in a certain concentration range, which corresponds to the onset of the decreased surface tension when high concentrations of the depletion agent are used. The decreased surface tension of the air/water interface suggests that the recovery rate is lowered due to the adsorption of the depletion agent to the bubble surface, acting as a polymer brush. We also perform experiments in the presence of a small amount of a collector, sodium oleate. An extremely small amount of the collector (10−10–10−5 M) leads to the increase in the overall recovery, which eventually reaches nearly 100 percent. Nevertheless, the grade worsens as the depletant provides the force to silica particles as well as target malachite particles.
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Chekli L, Bayatsarmadi B, Sekine R, Sarkar B, Shen AM, Scheckel KG, Skinner W, Naidu R, Shon HK, Lombi E, Donner E. Analytical characterisation of nanoscale zero-valent iron: A methodological review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 903:13-35. [PMID: 26709296 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) have been widely tested as they are showing significant promise for environmental remediation. However, many recent studies have demonstrated that their mobility and reactivity in subsurface environments are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. Both the mobility and reactivity of nZVI mainly depends on properties such as particle size, surface chemistry and bulk composition. In order to ensure efficient remediation, it is crucial to accurately assess and understand the implications of these properties before deploying these materials into contaminated environments. Many analytical techniques are now available to determine these parameters and this paper provides a critical review of their usefulness and limitations for nZVI characterisation. These analytical techniques include microscopy and light scattering techniques for the determination of particle size, size distribution and aggregation state, and X-ray techniques for the characterisation of surface chemistry and bulk composition. Example characterisation data derived from commercial nZVI materials is used to further illustrate method strengths and limitations. Finally, some important challenges with respect to the characterisation of nZVI in groundwater samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
| | - B Bayatsarmadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - R Sekine
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - B Sarkar
- CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - A Maoz Shen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - K G Scheckel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W Skinner
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Building IW, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - R Naidu
- CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
| | - H K Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
| | - E Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - E Donner
- CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia
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Deng M, Karpuzov D, Liu Q, Xu Z. Cryo-XPS study of xanthate adsorption on pyrite. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijiao Deng
- Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2 G6 Canada
| | - Dimitre Karpuzov
- Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2 G6 Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2 G6 Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2 G6 Canada
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Acres RG, Harmer SL, Beattie DA. Synchrotron PEEM and ToF-SIMS study of oxidized heterogeneous pentlandite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2010; 17:606-615. [PMID: 20724782 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510026749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM; probing the surface region) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS; probing the uppermost surface layer) have been used to image naturally heterogeneous samples containing chalcopyrite (CuFeS(2)), pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)(9)S(8)] and monoclinic pyrrhotite (Fe(7)S(8)) both freshly polished and exposed to pH 9 KOH for 30 min. PEEM images constructed from the metal L(3) absorption edges were acquired for the freshly prepared and solution-exposed mineral samples. These images were also used to produce near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra from regions of the images, allowing the chemistry of the surface of each mineral to be interrogated, and the effect of solution exposure on the mineral surface chemistry to be determined. The PEEM results indicate that the iron in the monoclinic pyrrhotite oxidized preferentially and extensively, while the iron in the chalcopyrite and pentlandite underwent only mild oxidation. The ToF-SIMS data gave a clearer picture of the changes happening in the uppermost surface layer, with oxidation products being observed on all three minerals, and significant polysulfide formation and copper activation being detected for pyrrhotite.
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Brito e Abreu S, Brien C, Skinner W. ToF-SIMS as a new method to determine the contact angle of mineral surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8122-8130. [PMID: 20180578 DOI: 10.1021/la904443s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been used as a technique to correlate the surface chemistry of chalcopyrite particles with their contact angle. Three particle sizes (20-38, 75-105, and 150-210 microm) were used, covering a range of contact angles between 20 and 90 degrees. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to the ToF-SIMS data in order to identify structure in the data and the surface species contributing the most to surface chemistry and hence the hydrophobicity variation. A method to calculate the contact angle of chalcopyrite by ToF-SIMS surface analysis has been developed using only information from three secondary ions: oxygen, sulfur, and a thiol collector fragment. This approach is capable of determining the surface chemistry contribution to the contact angle of individual mineral particles and the distribution of contact angles within a large ensemble of particles. Further measurements verified that the methodology can also be applied to flat surfaces, enabling rapid surface chemistry-hydrophobicity correlations to be made on a wide range of mineral and material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Brito e Abreu
- Ian Wark Research Institute, ARC Special Research Centre for Particle and Material Interfaces, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Khmeleva TN, Georgiev TV, Jasieniak M, Skinner WM, Beattie DA. XPS and ToF-SIMS study of a chalcopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite mixture treated with xanthate and sodium bisulphite. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Güler T, Hiçyilmaz C, Gökağaç G, Ekmekçi Z. Voltammetric and drift spectroscopy investigation in dithiophosphinate–chalcopyrite system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 279:46-54. [PMID: 15380410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of dithiophosphinate (DTPI) adsorption on chalcopyrite was investigated by diffuse reflectance Fourier transformation (DRIFT) spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at various pHs. CV experiments showed that the redox reactions occurred at a certain degree of irreversibility on the chalcopyrite surface in the absence of a collector due to preferential dissolution of iron ions in slightly acid solution and irreversible surface coverage by iron oxyhydroxides in neutral and alkaline solutions. In the presence of DTPI, CV experiments failed to identify the type of the adsorbed DTPI species and electrochemical processes occurring on chalcopyrite due to formation of an electrochemically passive surface layer preventing electron transfer. However, DRIFT spectroscopy tests showed this passive layer to be mainly CuDTPI + (DTPI)2. Both CV and DRIFT spectroscopy established that the activity of collector species decreased with increasing pH due to formation of stable hydrophilic metal oxyhydroxides on the chalcopyrite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taki Güler
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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Hydrophobicity of chalcopyrite with dithiophosphate and dithiophosphinate in electrochemically controlled condition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Klauber C, Parker A, van Bronswijk W, Watling H. Sulphur speciation of leached chalcopyrite surfaces as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-7516(00)00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grano S, Prestidge C, Ralston J. Solution interaction of ethyl xanthate and sulphite and its effect on galena flotation and xanthate adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-7516(97)00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sulphite modification of galena surfaces and its effect on flotation and xanthate adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-7516(97)00049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Surface modifications in the chalcopyrite-sulphite ion system, II. Dithiophosphate collector adsorption study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-7516(97)00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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