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Sun J, Kleuskens S, Luan J, Wang D, Zhang S, Li W, Uysal G, Wilson DA. Morphogenesis of starfish polymersomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3612. [PMID: 37330564 PMCID: PMC10276845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced membrane stability and chemical versatility of polymeric vesicles have made them promising tools in micro/nanoreactors, drug delivery, cell mimicking, etc. However, shape control over polymersomes remains a challenge and has restricted their full potential. Here we show that local curvature formation on the polymeric membrane can be controlled by applying poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a responsive hydrophobic unit, while adding salt ions to modulate the properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and its interaction with the polymeric membrane. Polymersomes with multiple arms are fabricated, and the number of arms could be tuned by salt concentration. Furthermore, the salt ions are shown to have a thermodynamic effect on the insertion of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) into the polymeric membrane. This controlled shape transformation can provide evidence for studying the role of salt ions in curvature formation on polymeric membranes and biomembranes. Moreover, potential stimuli-responsive non-spherical polymersomes can be good candidates for various applications, especially in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kleuskens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiabin Luan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Danni Wang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Li
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gizem Uysal
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Herianto S, Chien PJ, Ho JAA, Tu HL. Liposome-based artificial cells: From gene expression to reconstitution of cellular functions and phenotypes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213156. [PMID: 36302330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up approaches in creating artificial cells that can mimic natural cells have significant implications for both basic research and translational application. Among various artificial cell models, liposome is one of the most sophisticated systems. By encapsulating proteins and associated biomolecules, they can functionally reconstitute foundational features of biological cells, such as the ability to divide, communicate, and undergo shape deformation. Yet constructing liposome artificial cells from the genetic level, which is central to generate self-sustained systems remains highly challenging. Indeed, many studies have successfully established the expression of gene-coded proteins inside liposomes. Further, recent endeavors to build a direct integration of gene-expressed proteins for reconstituting molecular functions and phenotypes in liposomes have also significantly increased. Thus, this review presents the development of liposome-based artificial cells to demonstrate the process of gene-expressed proteins and their reconstitution to perform desired molecular and cell-like functions. The molecular and cellular phenotypes discussed here include the self-production of membrane phospholipids, division, shape deformation, self-DNA/RNA replication, fusion, and intercellular communication. Together, this review gives a comprehensive overview of gene-expressing liposomes that can stimulate further research of this technology and achieve artificial cells with superior properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herianto
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ja-An Annie Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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3
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Natsume Y. Thermo-Statistical Effects of Inclusions on Vesicles: Division into Multispheres and Polyhedral Deformation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:608. [PMID: 35736315 PMCID: PMC9229943 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The construction of simple cellular models has attracted much attention as a way to explore the origin of life or elucidate the mechanisms of cell division. In the absence of complex regulatory systems, some bacteria spontaneously divide through thermostatistically elucidated mechanisms, and incorporating these simple physical principles could help to construct primitive or artificial cells. Because thermodynamic interactions play an essential role in such mechanisms, this review discusses the thermodynamic aspects of spontaneous division models of vesicles that contain a high density of inclusions, with their membrane serving as a boundary. Vesicles with highly dense inclusions are deformed according to the volume-to-area ratio. The phase separation of beads at specific intermediate volume fractions and the associated polyhedral deformation of the membrane are considered in relation to the Alder transition. Current advances in the development of a membrane-growth vesicular model are summarized. The thermostatistical understanding of these mechanisms could become a cornerstone for the construction of vesicular models that display spontaneous cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Natsume
- Schoolteacher Training Course/Natural Sciences, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi 350, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan;
- Institute for Promotion of Research Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi 350, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
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4
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Laan L, Roth S, Dogterom M. End-on microtubule-dynein interactions and pulling-based positioning of microtubule organizing centers. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3750-7. [PMID: 22895049 PMCID: PMC3495818 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During important cellular processes such as centrosome and spindle positioning, dynein at the cortex interacts with dynamic microtubules in an apparent "end-on" fashion. It is well-established that dynein can generate forces by moving laterally along the microtubule lattice, but much less is known about dynein's interaction with dynamic microtubule ends. In this paper, we review recent in vitro experiments that show that dynein, attached to an artificial cortex, is able to capture microtubule ends, regulate microtubule dynamics and mediate the generation of pulling forces on shrinking microtubules. We further review existing ideas on the involvement of dynein-mediated cortical pulling forces in the positioning of microtubule organizing centers such as centrosomes. Recent in vitro experiments have demonstrated that cortical pulling forces in combination with pushing forces can lead to reliable centering of microtubule asters in quasi two-dimensional microfabricated chambers. In these experiments, pushing leads to slipping of microtubule ends along the chamber boundaries, resulting in an anisotropic distribution of cortical microtubule contacts that favors centering, once pulling force generators become engaged. This effect is predicted to be strongly geometry-dependent, and we therefore finally discuss ongoing efforts to repeat these experiments in three-dimensional, spherical and deformable geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liedewij Laan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Center for Systems Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sophie Roth
- FOM Institute AMOLF; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Koyama H, Umeda T, Nakamura K, Higuchi T, Kimura A. A high-resolution shape fitting and simulation demonstrated equatorial cell surface softening during cytokinesis and its promotive role in cytokinesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31607. [PMID: 22359606 PMCID: PMC3281004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different models for animal cell cytokinesis posit that the stiffness of the equatorial cortex is either increased or decreased relative to the stiffness of the polar cortex. A recent work has suggested that the critical cytokinesis signaling complex centralspindlin may reduce the stiffness of the equatorial cortex by inactivating the small GTPase Rac. To determine if such a reduction occurs and if it depends on centralspindlin, we devised a method to estimate cortical bending stiffness with high spatio-temporal resolution from in vivo cell shapes. Using the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo as a model, we show that the stiffness of the equatorial cell surface is reduced during cytokinesis, whereas the stiffness of the polar cell surface remains stiff. The equatorial reduction of stiffness was compromised in cells with a mutation in the gene encoding the ZEN-4/kinesin-6 subunit of centralspindlin. Theoretical modeling showed that the absence of the equatorial reduction of stiffness could explain the arrest of furrow ingression in the mutant. By contrast, the equatorial reduction of stiffness was sufficient to generate a cleavage furrow even without the constriction force of the contractile ring. In this regime, the contractile ring had a supportive contribution to furrow ingression. We conclude that stiffness is reduced around the equator in a centralspindlin-dependent manner. In addition, computational modeling suggests that proper regulation of stiffness could be sufficient for cleavage furrow ingression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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6
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Abstract
We review our recent work on the shape transformations of vesicles subject to external stimuli. Possible shape transformations resulting from the change of the spontaneous curvature, volume, or composition of the components on the surface of a vesicle are examined within the framework of the spontaneus curvature model. The influence of encapsulated or adhered rigid object such as microtubules or colloidal particles on the shape transformation is also investigated. A few cases of shape transformations encountered in experiments are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. T. GÓŹDŹ
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Takiguchi K, Negishi M, Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Homma M, Yoshikawa K. Transformation of actoHMM assembly confined in cell-sized liposome. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11528-35. [PMID: 21819144 PMCID: PMC3171996 DOI: 10.1021/la2016287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To construct a simple model of a cellular system equipped with motor proteins, cell-sized giant liposomes encapsulating various amounts of actoHMM, the complexes of actin filaments (F-actin) and heavy meromyosin (HMM, an actin-related molecular motor), with a depletion reagent to mimic the crowding effect of inside of living cell, were prepared. We adapted the methodology of the spontaneous transfer of water-in-oil (W/O) droplets through a phospholipid monolayer into the bulk aqueous phase and successfully prepared stable giant liposomes encapsulating the solution with a physiological salt concentration containing the desired concentrations of actoHMM, which had been almost impossible to obtain using currently adapted methodologies such as natural swelling and electro-formation on an electrode. We then examined the effect of ATP on the cytoskeleton components confined in those cell-sized liposomes, because ATP is known to drive the sliding motion for actoHMM. We added α-hemolysin, a bacterial membrane pore-forming toxin, to the bathing solution and obtained liposomes with the protein pores embedded on the bilayer membrane to allow the transfer of ATP inside the liposomes. We show that, by the ATP supply, the actoHMM bundles inside the liposomes exhibit specific changes in spatial distribution, caused by the active sliding between F-actin and HMM. Interestingly, all F-actins localized around the inner periphery of liposomes smaller than a critical size, whereas in the bulk solution and also in larger liposomes, the actin bundles formed aster-like structures under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Phone: +81-52-789-2993 (K.T.); +81-75-753-3812 (K.Y.). Fax: +81-52-789-3001 (K.T.); +81-75-753-3779 (K.Y.). E-mail: (K.T.); (K.Y.)
| | - Makiko Negishi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yohko Tanaka-Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michio Homma
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Phone: +81-52-789-2993 (K.T.); +81-75-753-3812 (K.Y.). Fax: +81-52-789-3001 (K.T.); +81-75-753-3779 (K.Y.). E-mail: (K.T.); (K.Y.)
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8
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Krishna Kumar R, Yu X, Patil AJ, Li M, Mann S. Cytoskeletal-like Supramolecular Assembly and Nanoparticle-Based Motors in a Model Protocell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Krishna Kumar R, Yu X, Patil AJ, Li M, Mann S. Cytoskeletal-like Supramolecular Assembly and Nanoparticle-Based Motors in a Model Protocell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9343-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Shitamichi Y, Ichikawa M, Kimura Y. Mechanical properties of a giant liposome studied using optical tweezers. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Sakaguchi H. Splitting instability of cellular structures in the Ginzburg-Landau model under feedback control. Phys Rev E 2009; 80:017202. [PMID: 19658841 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.017202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study numerically a Ginzburg-Landau-type equation for micelles in two dimensions. The domain size and the interface length of a cellular structure are controlled by two feedback terms. The deformation and the successive splitting of the cellular structure are observed when the controlled interface length is increased. The splitting instability is further investigated using coupled mode equations to understand the bifurcation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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12
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Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Kinoshita M, Takiguchi K. Septin-mediated uniform bracing of phospholipid membranes. Curr Biol 2009; 19:140-5. [PMID: 19167227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell shape is determined by the interplay between the lipid bilayer and the underlying network of protein polymers. We explored unknown determinants involved in cell morphogenesis as factors that transform phospholipid-based liposomes (diameter 5-20 microm). Unlabeled giant liposomes, observed through dark-field optics, were metastable in an aqueous suspension. In contrast, liposomes robustly protruded uniform tubules immediately after the addition of a brain extract to the suspension. The tubulation reaction was greatly facilitated when the liposomes contained PIP or PIP2. Biochemical analysis of the brain extract revealed that heteromeric complexes of septins, a family of polymerizing GTP/GDP-binding proteins, are responsible for the membrane transformation. Ultrastructural analysis established that each membrane tubule (diameter 0.43 +/- 0.079 microm) is braced by a circumferential array of septin filaments. Although submembranous septin assemblies are associated with diverse cortical morphogenesis from yeast to mammals, the biophysical basis for the septin-membrane interplay remains largely unknown. Further, there is a biochemical discrepancy between the fast septin remodeling in cells and their slow self-assembly in vitro. This membrane-facilitated fast septin assembly demonstrated for the first time by our unique experimental system should provide important clues to characterize these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Tanaka-Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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13
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Ishii KI, Hamada T, Hatakeyama M, Sugimoto R, Nagasaki T, Takagi M. Reversible Control ofExo- andEndo-Budding Transitions in a Photosensitive Lipid Membrane. Chembiochem 2009; 10:251-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Sasoglu FM, Bohl AJ, Allen KB, Layton BE. Parallel force measurement with a polymeric microbeam array using an optical microscope and micromanipulator. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 93:1-8. [PMID: 18774621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An image analysis method and its validation are presented for tracking the displacements of parallel mechanical force sensors. Force is measured using a combination of beam theory, optical microscopy, and image analysis. The primary instrument is a calibrated polymeric microbeam array mounted on a micromanipulator with the intended purpose of measuring traction forces on cell cultures or cell arrays. One application is the testing of hypotheses involving cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms. An Otsu-based image analysis code calculates displacement and force on cellular or other soft structures by using edge detection and image subtraction on digitally captured optical microscopy images. Forces as small as 250+/-50 nN and as great as 25+/-2.5 microN may be applied and measured upon as few as one or as many as hundreds of structures in parallel. A validation of the method is provided by comparing results from a rigid glass surface and a compliant polymeric surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mert Sasoglu
- Drexel University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Takiguchi K, Yamada A, Negishi M, Honda M, Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Yoshikawa K. Chapter 3 - Construction of cell-sized liposomes encapsulating actin and actin-cross-linking proteins. Methods Enzymol 2009; 464:31-53. [PMID: 19903549 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)64003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
To shed light on the mechanism underlying the active morphogenesis of living cells in relation to the organization of internal cytoskeletal networks, the development of new methodologies to construct artificial cell models is crucial. Here, we describe the successful construction of cell-sized liposomes entrapping cytoskeletal proteins. We discuss experimental protocols to prepare giant liposomes encapsulating desired amounts of actin and cross-linking proteins including molecular motor proteins, such as fascin, alpha-actinin, filamin, myosin-I isolated from brush border (BBMI), and heavy meromyosin (HMM). Subfragment 1 (S-1) is also studied in comparison to HMM, where S-1 and HMM are single-headed and double-headed derivatives of conventional myosin (myosin-II), respectively. In the absence of cross-linking proteins, actin filaments (F-actin) are distributed homogeneously without any order within the liposomes. In contrast, when actin is encapsulated together with an actin-cross-linking protein, mesh structures emerge that are similar to those in living motile cells. Optical microscopic observations on the active morphological changes of the liposomes are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Takiguchi K, Yamada A, Negishi M, Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Yoshikawa K. Entrapping desired amounts of actin filaments and molecular motor proteins in giant liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11323-11326. [PMID: 18816022 DOI: 10.1021/la802031n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully prepared cell-sized giant liposomes encapsulating desired amounts of actoHMM, a mixture of actin filament (F-actin) and heavy meromyosin (HMM, an actin-related molecular motor), in the presence of 5 mM MgCl 2 and 50 mM KCl. We employed a spontaneous transfer method to prepare those liposomes. In the absence of HMM, F-actin was distributed homogeneously inside the liposomes. In contrast, when F-actin was encapsulated in liposomes together with HMM, network structures were generated. Such network structures are attributable to the cross-linking of F-actin by HMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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17
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Umeda T, Inaba T, Ishijima A, Takiguchi K, Hotani H. Formation and maintenance of tubular membrane projections: Experiments and numerical calculations. Biosystems 2008; 93:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Suzuki H, Hamamura JY, Katsuda T, Komoda Y, Katoh S, Usui H. Size Characteristics of Liposomes Formed in a Micro-Tube. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.07we307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Jun-ya Hamamura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | | | | | - Sigeo Katoh
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Hiromoto Usui
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
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19
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Nomura SIM, Kondoh S, Asayama W, Asada A, Nishikawa S, Akiyoshi K. Direct preparation of giant proteo-liposomes by in vitro membrane protein synthesis. J Biotechnol 2007; 133:190-5. [PMID: 17900734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the direct constitution of membrane proteins into giant liposomes in cell-free (in vitro) protein synthesis. Giant liposomes were present in a translation reaction cocktail of a wheat germ cell-free protein translation system. Apo cytochrome b(5) (b5) and its fusion proteins were synthesized and directly localized in the liposomes. After the translation reaction, the proteo-liposomes were isolated by simplified discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation. Apo cytochrome b(5) conjugated dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was synthesized in the same procedure and the protein was directly displayed on the liposome surface. b5 acts as a "hydrophobic tag" for recruitment to the liposome surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro M Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Takeda S, Saitoh A, Furuta M, Satomi N, Ishino A, Nishida G, Sudo H, Hotani H, Takiguchi K. Opening of holes in liposomal membranes is induced by proteins possessing the FERM domain. J Mol Biol 2006; 362:403-13. [PMID: 16934293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The destabilization of vesicles caused by interactions between lipid bilayers and proteins was studied by direct, real-time observation using high-intensity dark-field microscopy. We previously reported that talin, a cytoskeletal submembranous protein, can reversibly open stable large holes in giant liposomes made of neutral and acidic phospholipids. Talin and other proteins belonging to the band 4.1 superfamily have the FERM domain at their N-terminal and interact with lipid membranes via that domain. Here, we observed that band 4.1, ezrin and moesin, members of the band 4.1 superfamily, are also able to open stable holes in liposomes. However, truncation of their C-terminal domains, which can interact with the N-terminal FERM domain, impaired their hole opening activities. Oligomeric states of ezrin affected the capability of the membrane hole formation. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), which binds to the FERM domain and disrupts the interaction between the N and C termini of the band 4.1 superfamily, down-regulates their membrane opening activity. These results suggest that the intermolecular interaction plays a key role in the observed membrane hole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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21
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Günster J, Souda R. On the wettability of lipid DPPC films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6939-43. [PMID: 16863242 DOI: 10.1021/la060676t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By employing temperature-programmed desorption and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, the adsorption of water on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of a lipid (DPPC) film has been investigated. It could be shown that it is possible to prepare lipid films ex situ with a preferential orientation of the lipid molecules on a solid support and to retain their specific properties under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The water adsorption and desorption kinetics on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces provided by a lipid film are discussed in terms of their structural and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Günster
- Laser Application Center, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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Nomura SIM, Mizutani Y, Kurita K, Watanabe A, Akiyoshi K. Changes in the morphology of cell-size liposomes in the presence of cholesterol: Formation of neuron-like tubes and liposome networks. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1669:164-9. [PMID: 15893519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2004] [Revised: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous changes in the morphology of cell-size liposomes (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, DOPC and egg PC) as model cells were investigated in the presence of cholesterol. Tube structures and liposome networks connected by the tubes were observed in the presence of 5-30% cholesterol by dark-field and laser-scanning microscopy. Furthermore, in the presence of more than 40 mol% of cholesterol, the tubes disappeared and changed to small liposomes. Thus, cholesterol induced a morphological change in giant liposomes from tubes to small liposomes. These phenomena may be related to the role of cholesterol in the morphological changes in living cells such as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro M Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Koster G, Cacciuto A, Derényi I, Frenkel D, Dogterom M. Force barriers for membrane tube formation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:068101. [PMID: 15783778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.068101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We used optical tweezers to measure the force-extension curve for the formation of tubes from giant vesicles. We show that a significant force barrier exists for the formation of tubes, which increases linearly with the radius of the area on which the pulling force is exerted. The tubes form through a first-order transition with accompanying hysteresis. We confirm these results with Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical calculations. Whether membrane tubes can be formed in, for example, biological cells, thus depends on the details of how forces are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerbrand Koster
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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