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Tomanelli M, Florio T, Vargas GC, Pagano A, Modesto P. Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors: Focus on Meningiomas. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 38137885 PMCID: PMC10744527 DOI: 10.3390/life13122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas. This review analyzes the similarities between human and domestic animal (dogs and cats) meningiomas by evaluating the molecular and histological characteristics, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options and highlighting possible research areas to identify novel targets and pharmacological approaches, which are useful for the diagnosis and therapy of this neoplasia to be used in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriela Coronel Vargas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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2
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Blum N, Mirian C, Maier AD, Mathiesen TI, Vilhardt F, Haslund-Vinding JL. Translocator protein (TSPO) expression in neoplastic cells and tumor-associated macrophages in meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:1020-1032. [PMID: 37952221 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and show extensive infiltration of macrophages. The mitochondrial membrane protein translocator protein (TSPO) has been used as an in vivo marker of microglia and macrophage activation to visualize neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown which cell types express TSPO in meningiomas. Immunohistochemistry of 38 WHO grade 1-3 meningiomas was subjected to segmentation and deep learning classification of TSPO expression to either Iba1-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or all other (mainly neoplastic) cells. A possible association between clinical data and TSPO expression intensities was also investigated. TAMs accounted for 15.9%-26% of all cells in the meningioma tissue. Mean fluorescence intensity of TSPO was significantly higher in TAMs (p < 0.0001), but the mass of neoplastic cells in the tumors exceeded that of TAMs. Thus, the summed fluorescence intensity of TSPO in meningioma cells was 64.1% higher than in TAMs (p = 0.0003). We observed no correlation between TSPO expression intensity and WHO grade. These results indicate that both macrophage-lineage and neoplastic cells in meningiomas express TSPO and that the SPECT-TSPO signal in meningiomas mainly reflects the latter; TSPO is expressed equally in parenchymal activated and resting macrophage/microglia lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032020. [PMID: 36768342 PMCID: PMC9917056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS neoplasms are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, and many therapies directed at primary brain tumors have proven unsuccessful despite their success in preclinical studies. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has emerged as a critical aspect of primary CNS neoplasms that may affect their malignancy, prognosis, and response to therapy across patients and tumor grades. This review covers the tumor microenvironment of various primary CNS neoplasms, with a focus on glioblastoma and meningioma. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies based on elements of the tumor microenvironment, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immunotherapeutic vaccines, are discussed.
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4
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Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Cranial Meningiomas: Clinical Implications and Intraindividual Reproducibility. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040853. [PMID: 35453901 PMCID: PMC9029024 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The MIB-1 index was demonstrated to be significantly correlated to meningioma recurrence. However, to date, the relationship of the intraindividual course of the MIB-1 index and the growth fraction, respectively, to clinical tumor recurrence has not been demonstrated in cranial WHO grade 1 and 2 meningiomas. In the present paper, we compare the MIB-1 indices of 16 solely surgically treated primary meningiomas and their recurrent tumors regarding the course of the MIB-1 indices, time to recurrence, reproducibility and factors influencing the intraindividual MIB-1 indices. Regression analyses revealed (1) a strong intra-lab reproducibility (r = 0.88) of the MIB-1 index at the second versus the first operation, corresponding to a constant intrinsic growth activity of an individual meningioma, (2) a significant inverse correlation of both primary (r = −0.51) and secondary (r = −0.70) MIB-1 indices to time to recurrence, and (3) male sex, low plasma fibrinogen and diffuse CD68+ macrophage infiltrates contribute to an increase in the MIB-1 index. A strong intraindividual reproducibility of the MIB-1 index and a direct relationship of the MIB-1 index to the time to recurrence were observed. Individual MIB-1 indices might be used for tailored follow-up imaging intervals. Further research on the role of macrophages and inflammatory burden in the regrowth potential of meningiomas are needed.
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5
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Haslund-Vinding J, Møller JR, Ziebell M, Vilhardt F, Mathiesen T. The role of systemic inflammatory cells in meningiomas. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:1205-1215. [PMID: 34716512 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the inflammatory systemic cell infiltrate and its role in pathophysiology and prognostic implications of meningiomas. Articles from PubMed describing inflammation and immune cells in meningioma were systematically selected and reviewed. Infiltrating inflammatory cells are common in meningiomas and correlate with tumor behavior and peritumoral edema. The immune cell infiltrate mainly comprised macrophages, CD4 + T cells of the Th1 and Th2 subtype, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells, mast cells, and to a lesser degree B cells. The polarization of macrophages to M1 or M2 states, as well as the differentiation of T-helper cells to Th1 or Th2 subsets, is of prognostic value, but whether or not the presence of macrophages is associated with the degree of malignancy of the tumor is controversial. The best documented immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting mechanism is the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1/PD-1L) which is found on both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The immune cell infiltration varies between different meningiomas. It contributes to a microenvironment with potential contradictory effects on tumor growth and edema. The immune mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets provided that their effects can be comprehensively understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Haslund-Vinding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Riis Møller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ziebell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiit Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Meningioma-Brain Crosstalk: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174267. [PMID: 34503077 PMCID: PMC8428351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, it has become evident that the tumoral microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various cancers. In meningiomas, however, the TME is poorly understood, and it is unknown if glia cells contribute to meningioma growth and behaviour. Objective: This scoping review investigates if the literature describes and substantiates tumour-brain crosstalk in meningiomas and summarises the current evidence regarding the role of the brain parenchyma in the pathogenesis of meningiomas. Methods: We identified studies through the electronic database PubMed. Articles describing glia cells and cytokines/chemokines in meningiomas were selected and reviewed. Results: Monocytes were detected as the most abundant infiltrating immune cells in meningiomas. Only brain-invasive meningiomas elicited a monocytic response at the tumour-brain interface. The expression of cytokines/chemokines in meningiomas has been studied to some extent, and some of them form autocrine loops in the tumour cells. Paracrine interactions between tumour cells and glia cells have not been explored. Conclusion: It is unknown to what extent meningiomas elicit an immune response in the brain parenchyma. We speculate that tumour-brain crosstalk might only be relevant in cases of invasive meningiomas that disrupt the pial-glial basement membrane.
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Keane L, Cheray M, Blomgren K, Joseph B. Multifaceted microglia - key players in primary brain tumour heterogeneity. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:243-259. [PMID: 33692572 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the immune-privileged CNS and, as such, represent the first line of defence against tissue injury and infection. Given their location, microglia are undoubtedly the first immune cells to encounter a developing primary brain tumour. Our knowledge of these cells is therefore important to consider in the context of such neoplasms. As the heterogeneous nature of the most aggressive primary brain tumours is thought to underlie their poor prognosis, this Review places a special emphasis on the heterogeneity of the tumour-associated microglia and macrophage populations present in primary brain tumours. Where available, specific information on microglial heterogeneity in various types and subtypes of brain tumour is included. Emerging evidence that highlights the importance of considering the heterogeneity of both the tumour and of microglial populations in providing improved treatment outcomes for patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Keane
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Cheray
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Is an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment a Characteristic of Both Intra- and Extraparenchymal Central Nervous Tumors? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:34-49. [PMID: 35366268 PMCID: PMC8830452 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of intensive research, the survival rates of patients diagnosed with tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have not improved significantly in the last decade. Immunotherapy as novel and efficacious treatment option in several other malignancies has failed in neuro-oncology likely due to the immunosuppressive property of the brain tissues. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant CNS neoplasm, while meningioma (MNG) is a mainly low grade or benign brain tumor originating from the non-glial tissues of the CNS. The aim of the current preliminary study is to compare the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM as potential target in immunotherapy. Interestingly, the immune microenvironment of MNG and GBM have proved to be similar. In both tumors types the immune suppressive elements including regulatory T cells (Treg), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were highly elevated. The cytokine environment supporting Treg differentiation and the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have also increased the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The results of the present study show an immune suppressive microenvironment in both brain tumor types. In a follow-up study with a larger patient cohort can provide detailed background information on the immune status of individual patients and aid selection of the best immune checkpoint inhibitor or other immune modulatory therapy. Immune modulatory treatments in combination with IDO1 inhibitors might even become alternative therapy for relapsed, multiple and/or malignant MNG or chemo-resistant GBM.
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Garzon-Muvdi T, Bailey DD, Pernik MN, Pan E. Basis for Immunotherapy for Treatment of Meningiomas. Front Neurol 2020; 11:945. [PMID: 32982948 PMCID: PMC7483661 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common tumors that account for approximately one third of CNS tumors diagnosed every year. They are classified by the World Health Organization in grades I-III. Higher grades have an increased rate of growth, invasiveness, rate of recurrence, and worse outcomes than lower grades. Most meningiomas are grade I, while ~18% of meningiomas are grade II and III in hospital-based series. Meningiomas are typically "benign" tumors that are treated with surgery and radiation. However, when they recur or are unresectable, treatment options are very limited, especially since they are chemotherapy-resistant. Recent advances in the treatment of cancers with immunotherapy have focused on checkpoint blockade as well as other types of immunotherapy. There is emerging evidence supporting the use of immunotherapy as a potentially effective treatment strategy for meningioma patients. The immune microenvironment of meningiomas is a complex interplay of genetic alterations, immunomodulatory protein expression, and tumor-immune cell interactions. Meningiomas are known to be infiltrated by immune cells including microglia, macrophages, B-cells, and T-cells. Several mechanisms contribute to decreased an ti-tumor immune response, allowing tumor growth and evasion of the immune system. We discuss the most current knowledge on the immune micro-environment of meningiomas, preclinical findings of immunotherapy in meningiomas, meningioma immunotherapy clinical trials, and also offer insight into future prospects for immunotherapies in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Destiny D. Bailey
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mark N. Pernik
- Department of Neurosurgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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10
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Helgager J, Driver J, Hoffman S, Bi WL. Molecular Advances in Central Nervous System Mesenchymal Tumors. Surg Pathol Clin 2020; 13:291-303. [PMID: 32389268 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise an array of neoplasms that may arise from or secondarily affect the CNS and its immediate surroundings. This review focuses on meningiomas and solitary fibrous tumors, the most common primary CNS mesenchymal tumors, and discusses recent advances in unveiling the molecular landscapes of these neoplasms. An effort is made to underscore those molecular findings most relevant to tumor diagnostics and prognostication from a practical perspective. As molecular techniques become more readily used at the clinical level, such alterations may strengthen formal grading schemes and lend themselves to treatment with targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Helgager
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Driver
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Hoffman
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Proctor DT, Huang J, Lama S, Albakr A, Van Marle G, Sutherland GR. Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in meningioma. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz018. [PMID: 32642654 PMCID: PMC7212927 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma, a most common brain tumor, has a high rate of recurrence. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in meningioma. TAMs display functional phenotypic diversity and may establish either an inflammatory and anti-tumoral or an immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral microenvironment. TAM subtypes present in meningioma and potential contribution to growth and recurrence is unknown. Methods Immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify M1 and M2 TAM populations in tissues obtained from 30 meningioma patients. Associations between M1 and M2 cells, M1:M2 cell ratio to tumor characteristics, WHO grade, recurrence, size, location, peri-tumoral edema, and patient demographics such as age and sex were examined. Results TAM cells accounted for ~18% of all cells in meningioma tissues. More than 80% of infiltrating TAMs were found to be of pro-tumoral M2 phenotype and correlated to tumor size (P = .0409). M1:M2 cell ratio was significantly decreased in WHO grade II, compared to grade I tumors (P = .009). Furthermore, a 2.3-fold difference in M1:M2 ratio between primary (0.14) and recurrent (0.06) tumors was observed (n = 18 and 12 respectively, P = .044). Conclusion This study is the first to confirm existence of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in the meningioma microenvironment, emphasizing its potential role in tumor growth and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Proctor
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jordan Huang
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanju Lama
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Albakr
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guido Van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Garnette R Sutherland
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Liang RF, Li M, Li JH, Zuo MR, Yang Y, Liu YH. The significance of preoperative hematological inflammatory markers in patients with meningiomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 182:1-4. [PMID: 31048144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether preoperative hematological inflammatory markers would be useful in predicting the pathological grade of meningiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 944 patients with newly diagnosed meningioma was conducted. Preoperative blood results were obtained, including platelet, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), albumin level, globulin level, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictive factors for high-grade meningiomas. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the hematological inflammatory markers associated with tumor grade were leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and the LMR (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high leukocyte count (P = 0.007) and low LMR (P = 0.041) were independent predictive factors for high-grade meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative high leukocyte count and low LMR were independent predictive factors of high-grade meningiomas, suggesting that leukocyte count and LMR could be useful in the assessment of the grade of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fei Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jun-Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ming-Rong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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13
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Pinton L, Solito S, Masetto E, Vettore M, Canè S, Puppa AD, Mandruzzato S. Immunosuppressive activity of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in patients with meningioma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1440931. [PMID: 29900047 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1440931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas WHO grade I and II are common intracranial tumors in adults that normally display a benign outcome, but are characterized by a great clinical heterogeneity and frequent recurrence of the disease. Although the presence of an immune cell infiltrate has been documented in these tumors, a clear phenotypical and functional characterization of the immune web is missing. Here, we performed an extensive immunophenotyping of peripheral blood and fresh tumor tissue at surgery by multiparametric flow cytometry in 34 meningioma patients, along with immunosuppressive activity of sorted cells of myeloid origin. Four subsets of myeloid cells, phenotypically corresponding to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are detectable in the blood and in the tumor tissue of patients and three of them are significantly expanded in the blood of patients, but show no evidence of suppressive activity. At the tumor site, a large leukocyte infiltrate is present, predominantly constituted by CD33+ myeloid cells, largely composed of macrophages endowed with suppressive activity and significantly expanded in grade II meningioma patients as compared to grade I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Solito
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marina Vettore
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Canè
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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14
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Bi WL, Wu WW, Santagata S, Reardon DA, Dunn IF. Checkpoint inhibition in meningiomas. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:721-31. [PMID: 27197540 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are increasingly appreciated to share similar features with other intra-axial central nervous system neoplasms as well as systemic cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibition has emerged as a promising therapy in a number of cancers, with durable responses of years in a subset of patients. Several lines of evidence support a role for immune-based therapeutic strategies in the management of meningiomas, especially high-grade subtypes. Meningiomas frequently originate juxtaposed to venous sinuses, where an anatomic conduit for lymphatic drainage resides. Multiple populations of immune cells have been observed in meningiomas. PD-1/PD-L1 mediated immunosuppression has been implicated in high-grade meningiomas, with association between PD-L1 expression with negative prognostic outcome. These data point to the promise of future combinatorial therapeutic strategies in meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Winona W Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Domingues P, González-Tablas M, Otero Á, Pascual D, Miranda D, Ruiz L, Sousa P, Ciudad J, Gonçalves JM, Lopes MC, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas. Brain Behav Immun 2016. [PMID: 26216710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are part of a complex microenvironment that promotes and/or regulates tumor development and growth. Depending on the type of cells and their functional interactions, immune cells may play a key role in suppressing the tumor or in providing support for tumor growth, with relevant effects on patient behavior. In recent years, important advances have been achieved in the characterization of immune cell infiltrates in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but their role in tumorigenesis and patient behavior still remain poorly understood. Overall, these studies have shown significant but variable levels of infiltration of CNS tumors by macrophage/microglial cells (TAM) and to a less extent also lymphocytes (particularly T-cells and NK cells, and less frequently also B-cells). Of note, TAM infiltrate gliomas at moderate numbers where they frequently show an immune suppressive phenotype and functional behavior; in contrast, infiltration by TAM may be very pronounced in meningiomas, particularly in cases that carry isolated monosomy 22, where the immune infiltrates also contain greater numbers of cytotoxic T and NK-cells associated with an enhanced anti-tumoral immune response. In line with this, the presence of regulatory T cells, is usually limited to a small fraction of all meningiomas, while frequently found in gliomas. Despite these differences between gliomas and meningiomas, both tumors show heterogeneous levels of infiltration by immune cells with variable functionality. In this review we summarize current knowledge about tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the two most common types of CNS tumors-gliomas and meningiomas-, as well as the role that such immune cells may play in the tumor microenvironment in controlling and/or promoting tumor development, growth and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-Tablas
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Pascual
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Miranda
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Sousa
- Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juana Ciudad
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María Celeste Lopes
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Dolores Tabernero
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC-IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL-IBSAL) and Research Unit of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Domingues PH, Teodósio C, Ortiz J, Sousa P, Otero A, Maillo A, Bárcena P, García-Macias MC, Lopes MC, de Oliveira C, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Immunophenotypic identification and characterization of tumor cells and infiltrating cell populations in meningiomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1749-61. [PMID: 22982440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system composed of both neoplastic and other infiltrating cells. We determined the cellular composition of 51 meningioma samples by multiparameter flow cytometric (MFC) immunophenotyping and investigated the potential relationship between mRNA and protein expression levels of neoplastic cells. For immunophenotypic, morphologic, and cytogenetic characterization of individual cell populations, a large panel of markers was used together with phagocytic/endocytic functional assays and MFC sorting. Overall, our results revealed coexistence of CD45(-) neoplastic cells and CD45(+) immune infiltrating cells in all meningiomas. Infiltrating cells included tissue macrophages, with an HLA-DR(+)CD14(+)CD45(+)CD68(+)CD16(-/+)CD33(-/+) phenotype and high phagocytic/endocytic activity, and a small proportion of cytotoxic lymphocytes (mostly T CD8(+) and natural killer cells). Tumor cells expressed multiple cell adhesion proteins, tetraspanins, HLA-I/HLA-DR molecules, complement regulatory proteins, cell surface ectoenzymes, and growth factor receptors. Noteworthy, the relationship between mRNA and protein levels was variable, depending on the proteins evaluated and the level of infiltration by immune cells. In summary, our results indicate that MFC immunophenotyping provides a reliable tool for the characterization of the patterns of protein expression of different cell populations coexisting in meningioma samples, with a more accurate measure of gene expression profiles of tumor cells at the functional/protein level than conventional mRNA microarray, independently of the degree of infiltration of the tumor by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia H Domingues
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Boozer LB, Davis TW, Borst LB, Zseltvay KM, Olby NJ, Mariani CL. Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration Into Canine Intracranial Meningiomas. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:784-95. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811417249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors in dogs. A variety of inflammatory cells have been shown to invade these tumors in people, but little is known about interactions between the immune system and naturally occurring brain tumors in dogs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of a variety of immune cell subsets within canine intracranial meningiomas. Twenty-three formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for CD3, CD79a, CD18, CD11d (αD), CD45RA, forkhead box P3, and Toll-like receptors 4 and 9. Immune cell infiltration was evident in all samples, with a predominance of CD3+ T cells. Large numbers of CD18+ microglia and macrophages were noted surrounding and infiltrating the tumors, and a subset of these cells within the tumor appeared to be CD11d+. Scattered macrophages at the tumor–brain interface were TLR4+ and TLR9+. Rare CD79a+ B cells were noted in only a small subset of tumors. Lesser numbers of lymphocytes that were CD11d+, CD45RA+, or FoxP3+ were noted in a number of the meningiomas. Although the function of these cells is not yet clear, work in other species suggests that evaluation of this immune cell infiltrate may provide important prognostic information and may be useful in the design of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Boozer
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - T. W. Davis
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - L. B. Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - K. M. Zseltvay
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - N. J. Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - C. L. Mariani
- Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Li F, Cheng Y, Lu J, Hu R, Wan Q, Feng H. Photodynamic therapy boosts anti-glioma immunity in mice: A dependence on the activities of T cells and complement C3. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3035-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Voisin P, Bouchaud V, Merle M, Diolez P, Duffy L, Flint K, Franconi JM, Bouzier-Sore AK. Microglia in close vicinity of glioma cells: correlation between phenotype and metabolic alterations. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENERGETICS 2010; 2:131. [PMID: 21031160 PMCID: PMC2965014 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2010.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells within the central nervous system. In brain-developing tumors, gliomas are able to silence the defense and immune functions of microglia, a phenomenon which strongly contributes to tumor progression and treatment resistance. Being activated and highly motile, microglia infiltrate tumors and secrete macrophagic chemoattractant factors. Thereafter, the tumor cells shut down their immune properties and stimulate the microglia to release tumor growth-promoting factors. The result of such modulation is that a kind of symbiosis occurs between microglia and tumor cells, in favor of tumor growth. However, little is known about microglial phenotype and metabolic modifications in a tumoral environment. Co-cultures were performed using CHME5 microglia cells grown on collagen beads or on coverslips and placed on monolayer of C6 cells, limiting cell/cell contacts. Phagocytic behavior and expression of macrophagic and cytoskeleton markers were monitored. Respiratory properties and energetic metabolism were also studied with regard to the activated phenotype of microglia. In co-cultures, transitory modifications of microglial morphology and metabolism were observed linked to a concomitant transitory increase of phagocytic properties. Therefore, after 1 h of co-culture, microglia were activated but when longer in contact with tumor cells, phagocytic properties appear silenced. Like the behavior of the phenotype, microglial respiration showed a transitory readjustment although the mitochondria maintained their perinuclear relocation. Nevertheless, the energetic metabolism of the microglia was altered, suggesting a new energetic steady state. The results clearly indicate that like the depressed immune properties, the macrophagic and metabolic status of the microglia is quickly driven by the glioma environment, despite short initial phagocytic activation. Such findings question the possible contribution of diffusible tumor factors to the microglial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Voisin
- RMSB Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 Bordeaux, France
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Caffo M, Caruso G, Germanò A, Galatioto S, Meli F, Tomasello F. CD68 and CR3/43 immunohistochemical expression in secretory meningiomas. Neurosurgery 2006; 57:551-7; discussion 551-7. [PMID: 16145535 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000170440.32720.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretory meningiomas (SMs) are unusual benign meningiomas. SMs are highly vascularized lesions, with angiomatous features and a perivascular arrangement, and they are accompanied frequently by massive peritumoral edema. Microglia have been called the brain's immune system, although the specific role and prognostic significance of microglia remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of CD68, a macrophage marker specific for resting microglia, and the expression of major histocompatibility complex Class II CR3/43 in SMs. METHODS From 1995 to 2002, six patients with SMs were treated surgically at our institution. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CD68 and CR3/43 in tumor specimens. The intensity of expression was graded semiquantitatively. A correlation between immunohistochemical expression and the occurrence of brain edema was studied. RESULTS CD68-positive mononuclear cells were observed in neoplastic tissue or around pseudopsammoma bodies and in perivascular areas, with minimal expression in one patient and moderate expression in three patients. CR3/43-positive complexes were detected in mononuclear elongated elements with ameboid extensions, presumably referable to cells at different stages of immunological activation phenomena, with minimal expression in two patients, moderate expression in one patient, and marked expression in one patient. Edema was severe in all patients. Therefore, it may be indirectly hypothesized that edema may not be correlated with the CD68 and CR3/43 immunohistochemical expression. CONCLUSION Macrophage infiltration and major histocompatibility complex Class II immunoreactivity in this subtype of meningioma suggest the occurrence of an immune response in the presence of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Caffo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry and Anaesthesiology, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
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Nagashima G, Asai J, Suzuki R, Fujimoto T. Different distribution of c-myc and MIB-1 positive cells in malignant meningiomas with reference to TGFs, PDGF, and PgR expression. Brain Tumor Pathol 2002; 18:1-5. [PMID: 11517968 DOI: 10.1007/bf02478918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of transforming growth factors (TGFs), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), progesterone receptor (PgR), and c-myc in 20 cases of meningioma of various grades: 17 benign, 2 atypical, and 1 anaplastic. All cases of atypical and anaplastic meningioma were positive for c-myc, whereas all 17 benign meningiomas were negative for c-myc immunostaining. Expression of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, and PDGF-BB proteins was seen in more than 80% of the meningioma cases and was not restricted to their histological grade of meningioma. PgR was expressed mainly in benign meningiomas. Moreover, the cells expressing c-myc protein were not usually stained by MIB-1. These results indicate that c-myc does not directly work on the proliferation of meningioma cells, and even in homogeneous meningioma cells, there may be many functional variations that lead the meningioma cells to their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Showa University, Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Femiano F, Scully C, Laino G, Battista G. Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BHF) of the cheek: CD 68-KP1 positivity. Oral Oncol 2001; 37:673-5. [PMID: 11590079 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of fibrous histiocytoma of the cheek in a 32-year-old male with no evidence of any regional invasion or distant metastasis. Pathologic analysis and diagnosis of these lesions is often challenging, and usually based on a combination of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In this study the diagnosis was confirmed using immunostaining with the antibody CD 68-KP1 that is positive in any lesion containing lysosomal granules or phagolysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Femiano
- Stomatology Clinic. II, University of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy.
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