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Savola S, Kaivola K, Raunio A, Kero M, Mäkelä M, Pärn K, Palta P, Tanskanen M, Tuimala J, Polvikoski T, Tienari PJ, Paetau A, Myllykangas L. Primary Age‐Related Tauopathy (PART) in a Finnish Population‐Based Study of the Oldest Old (Vantaa 85+). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12788. [PMID: 34927275 PMCID: PMC9305229 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims Few studies have investigated primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) in a population‐based setting. Here, we assessed its prevalence, genetic background, comorbidities and features of cognitive decline in an unselected elderly population. Methods The population‐based Vantaa 85+ study includes all 601 inhabitants of Vantaa aged ≥ 85 years in 1991. Neuropathological assessment was possible in 301. Dementia (DSM IIIR criteria) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were assessed at the baseline of the study and follow‐ups. PART subjects were identified according to the criteria by Crary et al and were compared with subjects with mild and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes. The effects of other neuropathologies were taken into account using multivariate and sensitivity assays. Genetic analyses included APOE genotypes and 29 polymorphisms of the MAPT 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR region). Results The frequency of PART was 20% (n = 61/301, definite PART 5%). When PART subjects were compared with those with severe AD pathology, dementia was less common, its age at onset was higher and duration shorter. No such differences were seen when compared with those with milder AD pathology. However, both AD groups showed a steeper decline in MMSE scores in follow‐ups compared with PART. APOE ε4 frequency was lower, and APOE ε2 frequency higher in the PART group compared with each AD group. The detected nominally significant associations between PART and two MAPT 3′UTR polymorphisms and haplotypes did not survive Bonferroni correction. Conclusions PART is common among very elderly. PART subjects differ from individuals with AD‐type changes in the pattern of cognitive decline, associated genetic and neuropathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Savola
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Anna Raunio
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Mia Kero
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Mira Mäkelä
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Kalle Pärn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Maarit Tanskanen
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jarno Tuimala
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Pentti J. Tienari
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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Strickland SL, Reddy JS, Allen M, N'songo A, Burgess JD, Corda MM, Ballard T, Wang X, Carrasquillo MM, Biernacka JM, Jenkins GD, Mukherjee S, Boehme K, Crane P, Kauwe JS, Ertekin‐Taner N. MAPT haplotype-stratified GWAS reveals differential association for AD risk variants. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:983-1002. [PMID: 32400971 PMCID: PMC7983911 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MAPT H1 haplotype is implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Using Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (n = 18,841), we conducted a MAPT H1/H2 haplotype-stratified association to discover MAPT haplotype-specific AD risk loci. RESULTS We identified 11 loci-5 in H2-non-carriers and 6 in H2-carriers-although none of the MAPT haplotype-specific associations achieved genome-wide significance. The most significant H2 non-carrier-specific association was with a NECTIN2 intronic (P = 1.33E-07) variant, and that for H2 carriers was near NKX6-1 (P = 1.99E-06). The GABRG2 locus had the strongest epistasis with MAPT H1/H2 variant rs8070723 (P = 3.91E-06). Eight of the 12 genes at these loci had transcriptome-wide significant differential expression in AD versus control temporal cortex (q < 0.05). Six genes were members of the brain transcriptional co-expression network implicated in "synaptic transmission" (P = 9.85E-59), which is also enriched for neuronal genes (P = 1.0E-164), including MAPT. DISCUSSION This stratified GWAS identified loci that may confer AD risk in a MAPT haplotype-specific manner. This approach may preferentially enrich for neuronal genes implicated in synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph S. Reddy
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Travis Ballard
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Crane
- University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin‐Taner
- Department of NeuroscienceMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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Zhang CC, Zhu JX, Wan Y, Tan L, Wang HF, Yu JT, Tan L. Meta-analysis of the association between variants in MAPT and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44994-45007. [PMID: 28402959 PMCID: PMC5546535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene is compelling among the susceptibility genes of neurodegenerative diseases which include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our meta-analysis aimed to find the association between MAPT and the risk of these diseases. Published literatures were retrieved from MEDLINE and other databases, and 82 case-control studies were recruited. Six haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1467967, rs242557, rs3785883, rs2471738, del-In9 and rs7521) and haplotypes (H2 and H1c) were significantly associated with the above diseases. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by comparison in minor and major allele frequency using the R software. This study demonstrated that different variants in MAPT were associated with AD (rs2471738: OR= 1.04, 95%CI = 1.00 - 1.09; H2: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91 - 0.97), PD (H2: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.74 - 0.79), PSP (rs242557: OR = 1. 96, 95% CI = 1. 71 - 2.25; rs2471738: OR = 1. 85, 95% CI = 1. 48 - 2.31; H2: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.18 - 0.23), CBD (rs242557: OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1. 66 -3.78; rs2471738: OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1. 32 -3.23; H2: OR = OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.23 - 0.41) and ALS (H2: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86 - 0.98) instead of FTD (H2: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.78 - 1.32). In conclusion, MAPT is associated with risk of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting crucial roles of tau in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhu
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, PR China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Wobst HJ, Denk F, Oliver PL, Livieratos A, Taylor TN, Knudsen MH, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Bannerman D, Wade-Martins R. Increased 4R tau expression and behavioural changes in a novel MAPT-N296H genomic mouse model of tauopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43198. [PMID: 28233851 PMCID: PMC5324134 DOI: 10.1038/srep43198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, which are characterized by intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Mutations in the tau gene MAPT cause frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). In the human central nervous system, six tau isoforms are expressed, and imbalances in tau isoform ratios are associated with pathology. To date, few animal models of tauopathy allow for the potential influence of these protein isoforms, relying instead on cDNA-based transgene expression. Using the P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) technology, we created mouse lines expressing all six tau isoforms from the human MAPT locus, harbouring either the wild-type sequence or the disease-associated N296H mutation on an endogenous Mapt-/- background. Animals expressing N296H mutant tau recapitulated early key features of tauopathic disease, including a tau isoform imbalance and tau hyperphosphorylation in the absence of somatodendritic tau inclusions. Furthermore, N296H animals displayed behavioural anomalies such as hyperactivity, increased time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and increased immobility during the tail suspension test. The mouse models described provide an excellent model to study the function of wild-type or mutant tau in a highly physiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike J. Wobst
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Denk
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter L. Oliver
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Achilleas Livieratos
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonya N. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H. Knudsen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Bengoa-Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Caillet-Boudin ML, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Tran H, Dhaenens CM, Buee L, Sergeant N. Brain pathology in myotonic dystrophy: when tauopathy meets spliceopathy and RNAopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 6:57. [PMID: 24409116 PMCID: PMC3885824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) of type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) are inherited autosomal dominant diseases caused by dynamic and unstable expanded microsatellite sequences (CTG and CCTG, respectively) in the non-coding regions of the genes DMPK and ZNF9, respectively. These mutations result in the intranuclear accumulation of mutated transcripts and the mis-splicing of numerous transcripts. This so-called RNA gain of toxic function is the main feature of an emerging group of pathologies known as RNAopathies. Interestingly, in addition to these RNA inclusions, called foci, the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in patient brains also distinguishes DM as a tauopathy. Tauopathies are a group of nearly 30 neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by intraneuronal protein aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) in patient brains. Furthermore, a number of neurodegenerative diseases involve the dysregulation of splicing regulating factors and have been characterized as spliceopathies. Thus, myotonic dystrophies are pathologies resulting from the interplay among RNAopathy, spliceopathy, and tauopathy. This review will describe how these processes contribute to neurodegeneration. We will first focus on the tauopathy associated with DM1, including clinical symptoms, brain histology, and molecular mechanisms. We will also discuss the features of DM1 that are shared by other tauopathies and, consequently, might participate in the development of a tauopathy. Moreover, we will discuss the determinants common to both RNAopathies and spliceopathies that could interfere with tau-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Caillet-Boudin
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Francisco-Jose Fernandez-Gomez
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Hélène Tran
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Luc Buee
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
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Kwok JBJ, Loy CT, Hamilton G, Lau E, Hallupp M, Williams J, Owen MJ, Broe GA, Tang N, Lam L, Powell JF, Lovestone S, Schofield PR. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and tau genes interact in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2008; 64:446-54. [PMID: 18991351 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the epistatic effect between haplotypes of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3B) gene and microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A genetic association study of three AD cohorts was made. Linear regression analyses were used to examine effects of MAPT polymorphisms on gene expression and alternative splicing. beta-Catenin levels and signaling were determined using Western blot and luciferase reporter assays in cells transfected with a combination of GSK3B and MAPT complementary DNA. RESULTS Consistent interaction between GSK3B and MAPT genes in three late-onset AD cohorts was observed, with the GSK3B haplotype (T-T) significantly increasing the risk for AD in individuals with at least one H2 haplotype (odds ratio, 1.68-2.33; p = 0.005-0.036). The GSK3B haplotype was significantly protective in the Chinese cohort (odds ratio, 0.33; p = 0.016), after adjusting for the effect of age and sex. There are significant differences in in vivo transcriptional efficiency between the two MAPT haplotypes (H1 and H2) as determined by measurement of cerebellar transcripts (p < 0.001). Overexpression of either MAPT or GSK3B resulted in decreased beta-catenin levels compared with a control vector (p < 0.001). Conversely, cotransfection of both of these molecules increased beta-catenin signaling. INTERPRETATION Our genetic and biochemical analyses have identified a novel interaction between Tau and GSK-3beta in late-onset AD causative factors. Our data are consistent with an epistatic model of interaction where discordant levels of GSK3B and MAPT gene expression can lead to altered beta-catenin levels and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B J Kwok
- Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, Sydney, Australia.
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Sun W, Jia J. The +347 C promoter allele up-regulates MAPT expression and is associated with Alzheimer's disease among the Chinese Han. Neurosci Lett 2008; 450:340-3. [PMID: 19070646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau has been known to be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT) in Chinese Han population: 347G/C. The samples we analyzed were all identified as H1/H1 genotype; the 347C allele was over-represented in 252 sporadic AD patients (84.3%, P=0.006) when compared with 197 controls (75.1%). The transcriptional activity of SNP in promoter was further investigated using a luciferase reporter assay in two human cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Hela. We demonstrated that the promoter transcriptional activity of the 347 C/C genotype was significantly higher than that of the 347 G/G genotype (SH-SY5Y, P=0.0321; Hela, P=0.0016). Our data suggest that the 347C polymorphism in the promoter of MAPT gene, which is associated with an up-regulation of the gene expression, is a susceptibility factor in sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Key Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100053, China
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8
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Espinoza M, de Silva R, Dickson DW, Davies P. Differential incorporation of tau isoforms in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2008; 14:1-16. [PMID: 18525123 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There are 6 different isoforms of tau expressed in the adult human brain, and little information is available on the cellular distribution of the isoforms. Tau inclusions are found in neurons and occasionally glia in a variety of diseases. Previous studies conducted on brain homogenates suggested that tau isoforms might be differentially incorporated into inclusions. To further elucidate the complex issue of tau isoform composition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between tau containing residues encoded by exon 10 (4R tau) and tau lacking exon 10 residues (3R tau) were used in single and double labeling immunohistochemistry as well as biochemical analyses of tau isolated from AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus in 34 AD cases performed with these antibodies showed both 3R and 4R tau isoforms in tangles. While biochemical studies showed that both isoforms were present in insoluble tau aggregates in AD hippocampus and cortex, not all tangles appear to be labeled with the 3R and 4R tau specific monoclonal antibodies. Similar studies in progressive supranuclear palsy and Pick's disease confirmed that these diseases were characterized by incorporation of specific isoforms in fibrillar lesions, but lesions in neither disease were exclusively composed of 3R tau or 4R tau isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 526, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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9
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Pittman A, de Silva R, Lees AJ, Wood NW. Genetics of progressive supranuclear palsy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 89:475-485. [PMID: 18631770 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Pittman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
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Tanskanen M, Peuralinna T, Polvikoski T, Notkola IL, Sulkava R, Hardy J, Singleton A, Kiuru-Enari S, Paetau A, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L. Senile systemic amyloidosis affects 25% of the very aged and associates with genetic variation in alpha2-macroglobulin and tau: a population-based autopsy study. Ann Med 2008; 40:232-9. [PMID: 18382889 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701842988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) is characterized by deposition of wild-type transthyretin (TTR)-based amyloid in parenchymal organs in elderly individuals. Previously, no population-based studies have been performed on SSA. METHODS Here we have studied the prevalence and risk factors for SSA in a Finnish autopsied population aged 85 or over, as part of the population-based Vantaa 85+ Autopsy Study (n = 256). The diagnosis of SSA was based on histological examination of myocardial samples stained with Congo red and anti-TTR immunohistochemistry. The genotype frequencies of 20 polymorphisms in 9 genes in subjects with and without SSA were compared. RESULTS The prevalence of SSA was 25%. SSA was associated with age, myocardial infarctions, the G/G (Val/Val) genotype of the exon 24 polymorphism in the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), and the H2 haplotype of the tau gene (P-values 0.002, 0.004, 0.042, and 0.016). CONCLUSION This population-based study shows that SSA is very common in old individuals, affecting one-quarter of people aged over 85 years. Myocardial infarctions and variation in the genes for alpha2M and tau may be associated with SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Tanskanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. Filamentous deposits made of tau constitute a major defining characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease. The involvement of tau in neurodegeneration has been clarified by the identification of genetic mutations in the tau gene in cases with familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Although the mechanism through which tau mutations lead to neuronal death is still unresolved, it is clear that tau mutations lead to formation of tau filaments that have a different morphology, contain different types of tau isoforms and produce distinct tau deposits. The range of tau pathology identified in FTDP-17 recapitulates the tau pathology present in sporadic tauopathies and indicates that tau dysfunction plays a major role also in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gasparini
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Haplotype-based association analysis of the MAPT locus in late onset Alzheimer's disease. BMC Genet 2007; 8:3. [PMID: 17266761 PMCID: PMC1800865 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a common sporadic form of the illness, affecting individuals above the age of 65 yrs. A prominent hypothesis for the aetiopathology of Alzheimer's disease is that in the presence of a beta-amyloid load, individuals expressing a pathogenic form of tau protein (MAPT) are at increased risk for developing the disease. Genetic studies in this pursuit have, however, yielded conflicting results. A recent study showed a significant haplotype association (H1c) with AD. The current study is an attempt to replicate this association in an independently ascertained cohort. RESULTS In this report we present the findings of a haplotype analysis at the MAPT locus. We failed to detect evidence of association of the H1c haplotype at the MAPT locus with LOAD. None of the six SNPs forming the H1c haplotype showed evidence of association with disease. In addition, nested clade analysis suggested the presence of independent mutations at multiple points in the haplotype network or homoplasy at the MAPT locus. Such homoplasy can confound single SNP tests for association. We do not detect evidence that the set of SNPs forming the H1c haplotype in general or rs242557 in particular are pathogenic for LOAD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we employed two contemporary haplotype analysis tools to perform haplotype association analysis at the MAPT locus. Our data suggest that the tagged SNPs forming the H1c haplotype do not have a causal role in the pathogenesis of LOAD.
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Fidani L, Kalinderi K, Bostantjopoulou S, Clarimon J, Goulas A, Katsarou Z, Hardy J, Kotsis A. Association of the Tau haplotype with Parkinson's disease in the Greek population. Mov Disord 2006; 21:1036-9. [PMID: 16552760 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the distribution of the Tau H1 haplotype and related subhaplotypes in a group of clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients (n = 133) and in control individuals (n = 113) from northern Greece. We were able to detect a statistically significant overrepresentation of the H1H1 genotype in our patient group (OR for H1H1 vs. H1H2 and H2H2: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.03-2.90; P = 0.037). The H1 subhaplotype significantly associated with the disease in our population was different from the one previously reported for a Norwegian population, suggesting that the nature of the association of Tau with Parkinson's disease is influenced by ethnic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Fidani
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Pittman AM, Fung HC, de Silva R. Untangling the tau gene association with neurodegenerative disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15 Spec No 2:R188-95. [PMID: 16987883 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological tau protein inclusions have long been recognized to define the diverse range of neurodegenerative disorders called the tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Mutations in the tau gene, MAPT, cause familial frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and common variation in MAPT is strongly associated with the risk of PSP, corticobasal degeneration and, to a lesser extent, AD and Parkinson's disease (PD), implicating the involvement of tau in common neurodegenerative pathway(s). This review will discuss recent work towards the unravelling of the functional basis of this MAPT gene association. The region of chromosome 17q21 containing MAPT locus is characterized by the complex genomic architecture, including a large inversion that leads to a bipartite haplotype architecture, an inversion-mediated deletion and multiplications resulting from non-allelic homologous recombination between the MAPT family of low-copy repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Pittman
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, 1, Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
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15
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Forero DA, Arboleda G, Yunis JJ, Pardo R, Arboleda H. Association study of polymorphisms in LRP1, tau and 5-HTT genes and Alzheimer’s disease in a sample of Colombian patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 113:1253-62. [PMID: 16362633 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of genetic susceptibility factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in populations with different genetic and environmental background may be useful to understand AD etiology. There are few genetic association studies of AD in Latin America. In the present work, we analyzed polymorphisms in 3 candidate genes; the LDL receptor related protein-1, the microtubule-associated protein Tau and the serotonin transporter genes in a sample of 106 Colombian AD patients and 97 control subjects. We did not find a significant allelic or genotypic association with any of the three polymorphisms analyzed using different statistical analysis, including a neural network model or different sample stratifications. To date, APOE polymorphisms are the only genetic risk factors identified for AD in the Colombian population. It may be factible that future combination of high-throughput genotyping platforms and multivariate analysis models may lead to the identification of other genetic susceptibility factors for AD in the Colombian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Forero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Johansson A, Zetterberg H, Håkansson A, Nissbrandt H, Blennow K. TAU Haplotype and the Saitohin Q7R Gene Polymorphism Do Not Influence CSF Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease and Are Not Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia or Parkinson’s Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2005; 2:28-35. [PMID: 16909000 DOI: 10.1159/000086428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have described Saitohin(STH), a gene located in the human TAU gene. The corresponding protein shows a similar tissue expression to tau, which is involved in many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the STH gene has been suggested to be involved in sporadic AD and is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the TAU haplotype H1. OBJECTIVE A case-control study was performed to further explore the possible involvement of the STH Q7R polymorphism and the extended TAU haplotype in AD, FTD or PD. METHODS Patients with AD (n = 398), FTD (n = 96) and PD (n = 105), and controls (n = 186) were genotyped for the STH polymorphism and/or the TAU haplotype. Genotype data were related to levels of total-tau, phospho-tau and Abeta(1-42) in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in more than 300 AD patients and to an amount of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in patients with autopsy-confirmed AD. RESULTS The STH Q7R polymorphism and the TAU haplotype were in complete linkage disequilibrium in all patients (AD and FTD) and controls investigated for both genes. There were no significant differences in genotype or allele distributions in AD, FTD or PD cases compared to controls. Neither TAU haplotype nor STH influenced CSF levels of total-tau, phospho-tau and Abeta(1-42) significantly. In AD patients with neuropathological scores of plaque and tangles, no associations with TAU haplotype and STH were found. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that could support a major pathogenic role of STH and TAU haplotype in AD, FTD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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17
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Schraen-Maschke S, Dhaenens CM, Delacourte A, Sablonnière B. Microtubule-associated protein tau gene: a risk factor in human neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2004; 15:449-60. [PMID: 15056452 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein mainly expressed in neurons of central nervous system, which is crucial in the maintenance of these cells. It has a central role in the polymerization and stabilization of microtubules and in the traffic of organelles along axons and dendrites. Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein participate in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which characterize numerous neurodegenerative disorders named tauopathies. The analysis of tau gene and the study of familial cases of tauopathies have led to the discovery of tau gene mutations that cause inherited dementia designated as Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). However, these familial cases remain rare compared to the sporadic tauopathies, the later involving both genetic and environmental etiologic factors. As tau pathology represents a primary pathogenic event in various neurodegenerative diseases, the hypothesis that tau genotype could influence the development of these diseases was tested by several groups. This review summarizes advances in the molecular genetics of the tau gene, as well as recent studies addressing the disease incidence of novel tau polymorphisms in different neurodegenerative diseases. Hopefully, the identification of several genetic defects of the tau gene will be helpful in improving our understanding of the role of tau protein in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Schraen-Maschke
- INSERM U422 and Département de Biochimie et de Biologie moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
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18
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Tanahashi H, Asada T, Tabira T. Association between Tau polymorphism and male early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroreport 2004; 15:175-9. [PMID: 15106853 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200401190-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles, containing hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. To investigate a possible association between tau genotypes and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, we screened for polymorphisms in the tau gene and found a novel polymorphism IVS11 + 90G --> A. A case-control study (874 patients and 678 controls) showed a significant association between possession of the A allele and male Alzheimer's disease with early-onset (age of onset before 65, odds ratio = 2.65; 95% confidence interval 1.30-5.42), suggesting that age and gender modify the risk effect. However, we failed to replicate the reported association between the Saitohin gene located in the tau intron 9 and Japanese Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanahashi
- Division of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Pepłońska B, Zekanowski C, Religa D, Czyzewski K, Styczyńska M, Pfeffer A, Gabryelewicz T, Gołebiowski M, Luczywek E, Wasiak B, Barczak A, Chodakowska M, Barcikowska M, Kuźnicki J. Strong association between Saitohin gene polymorphism and tau haplotype in the Polish population. Neurosci Lett 2003; 348:163-6. [PMID: 12932819 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The saitohin (STH) gene is located in intron 9 of the tau protein gene. It has been postulated that the R allele of Q7R polymorphism at the Saitohin gene is over-represented in the homozygous state in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau protein was implicated in AD pathophysiology and the tau gene haplotype is probably connected with sporadic late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed the STH polymorphism and tau gene haplotype in 100 clinically diagnosed AD cases, 100 PD cases and 100 age-matched healthy controls. We found that the R allele of the STH gene is associated with the H2 haplotype of tau in all cases. Additionally we observed no correlation between R allele frequency and AD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pepłońska
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Verpillat P, Ricard S, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Bou J, Camuzat A, Pradier L, Frebourg T, Brice A, Clerget-Darpoux F, Deleuze JF, Campion D. Is the saitohin gene involved in neurodegenerative diseases? Ann Neurol 2002; 52:829-32. [PMID: 12447938 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in an amino acid change (Q7R) was identified in a previously undescribed gene, named saitohin, nested within the tau gene. We analyzed the distribution of this polymorphism in 499 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 91 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 402 controls. This polymorphism was in complete disequilibrium with the well-defined extended tau haplotype. We failed to replicate the association between the RR genotype and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but we found a trend toward an association between the QQ genotype and frontotemporal dementia. Thus, the saitohin Q allele, which is a novel determinant of the tau H1 haplotypes, might represent a causative factor involved in the determinism of several tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Verpillat
- INSERM U535, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, University Hospital Bichat, University Paris, Paris, France
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21
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Conrad C, Vianna C, Freeman M, Davies P. A polymorphic gene nested within an intron of the tau gene: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:7751-6. [PMID: 12032355 PMCID: PMC124341 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.112194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed gene, Saitohin (STH), has been discovered in the intron between exons 9 and 10 of the human tau gene. STH is an intronless gene that encodes a 128-aa protein with no clear homologs. The tissue expression of STH is similar to tau, a gene that is implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. In humans, a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in an amino acid change (Q7R) has been identified in STH and was used in a case control study. The Q7R polymorphism appears to be over-represented in the homozygous state in late onset Alzheimer's disease subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Conrad
- Department of Pathology, F526, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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22
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Green EK, Thaker U, McDonagh AM, Iwatsubo T, Lambert JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Harris JM, Pickering-Brown SM, Lendon CL, Mann DMA. A polymorphism within intron 11 of the tau gene is not increased in frequency in patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, nor does it influence the extent of tau pathology in the brain. Neurosci Lett 2002; 324:113-6. [PMID: 11988340 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous polymorphisms within the tau gene but these are in complete linkage disequilibrium and exist as two common extended haplotypes H1 and H2. We have investigated the frequency of these haplotypes in 83 cases of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the +34 polymorphism in intron 11 of the tau gene as a marker of H1 and H2 haplotypes. The total amount of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (tau load), present as neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads or plaque neurites, was quantified in the frontal cortex of these patients and related to tau haplotype. We found no increase in H1H1 haplotype in this autopsy population of cases with AD compared to published control data. Stratification of cases for apolipoprotein E (APO E) genotype showed a slight, but not statistically significant, overrepresentation of epsilon 4 allele amongst bearers of H2 haplotype. There were no overall differences in tau load between haplotype groups though cases within each haplotype group bearing APO E epsilon 4 allele had a significantly higher tau load than those without epsilon 4 allele. Neither age at onset or duration of illness differed according to tau haplotype. We conclude that the frequency of tau gene H1 haplotype is not elevated in AD and possession of this has no impact upon the amount of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Green
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2QZ, UK
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23
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Henderson JN, Crook R, Crook J, Hardy J, Onstead L, Carson-Henderson L, Mayer P, Parker B, Petersen R, Williams B. Apolipoprotein E4 and tau allele frequencies among Choctaw Indians. Neurosci Lett 2002; 324:77-9. [PMID: 11983299 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein genotyping and tau haplotyping were carried out on a series of cases with dementia and controls from the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Both the Apolipoprotein E4 allele frequency and the tau H2 haplotype frequency were low in the Choctaw compared with Caucasians and there was the possibility that the association between dementia and the E4 allele was weaker than in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neil Henderson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73190, USA
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Russ C, Powell JF, Zhao J, Baker M, Hutton M, Crawford F, Mullan M, Roks G, Cruts M, Lovestone S. The microtubule associated protein Tau gene and Alzheimer's disease--an association study and meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2001; 314:92-6. [PMID: 11698154 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an association between polymorphisms and an extended haplotype of the microtubule associated protein tau gene and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in synergy with apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 status. However these findings have not been consistently replicated. We investigated the role of the tau haplotype in AD by conducting an association study as well as a meta-analysis of all the studies conducted to date. We examined six polymorphisms known to be in the extended tau haplotypes, one in exon 7 and five in and around exon 9 in 200 late onset AD and 189 control samples. All the polymorphisms examined fell into the recognised tau haplotypes. There was no statistical significant association with any of the polymorphisms and late onset AD. Stratification of data by APOE epsilon 4 status also produced no strongly significant association. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences between AD cases and controls, however stratification of data by APOE epsilon 4 status showed a small significant decrease in the H1 haplotype in AD before correction for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Russ
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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