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Gentile SD, Kourouklis AP, Ryoo H, Underhill GH. Integration of Hydrogel Microparticles With Three-Dimensional Liver Progenitor Cell Spheroids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:792. [PMID: 32793571 PMCID: PMC7385057 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the liver progenitor cell microenvironment has demonstrated the important roles of both biochemical and biomechanical signals in regulating the progenitor cell functions that underlie liver morphogenesis and regeneration. While controllable two-dimensional in vitro culture systems have provided key insights into the effects of growth factors and extracellular matrix composition and mechanics on liver differentiation, it remains unclear how microenvironmental signals may differentially affect liver progenitor cell responses in a three-dimensional (3D) culture context. In addition, there have only been limited efforts to engineer 3D culture models of liver progenitor cells through the tunable presentation of microenvironmental stimuli. We present an in vitro model of 3D liver progenitor spheroidal cultures with integrated polyethylene glycol hydrogel microparticles for the internal presentation of modular microenvironmental cues and the examination of the combinatorial effects with an exogenous soluble factor. In particular, treatment with the growth factor TGFβ1 directs differentiation of the spheroidal liver progenitor cells toward a biliary phenotype, a behavior which is further enhanced in the presence of hydrogel microparticles. We further demonstrate that surface modification of the hydrogel microparticles with heparin influences the behavior of liver progenitor cells toward biliary differentiation. Taken together, this liver progenitor cell culture system represents an approach for controlling the presentation of microenvironmental cues internalized within 3D spheroidal aggregate cultures. Overall, this strategy could be applied toward the engineering of instructive microenvironments that control stem and progenitor cell differentiation within a 3D context for studies in tissue engineering, drug testing, and cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Gentile
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Andreas P Kourouklis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Hyeon Ryoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Bardhan R, Chen W, Bartels M, Perez-Torres C, Botero MF, McAninch RW, Contreras A, Schiff R, Pautler RG, Halas NJ, Joshi A. Tracking of multimodal therapeutic nanocomplexes targeting breast cancer in vivo. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4920-8. [PMID: 21090693 PMCID: PMC4089981 DOI: 10.1021/nl102889y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics with local delivery and external electromagnetic field modulation holds extraordinary promise for soft-tissue cancers such as breast cancer; however, knowledge of the distribution and fate of nanoparticles in vivo is crucial for clinical translation. Here we demonstrate that multiple diagnostic capabilities can be introduced in photothermal therapeutic nanocomplexes by simultaneously enhancing both near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We track nanocomplexes in vivo, examining the influence of HER2 antibody targeting on nanocomplex distribution over 72 h. This approach provides valuable, detailed information regarding the distribution and fate of complex nanoparticles designed for specific diagnostic and therapeutic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wenxue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/Hebei Province Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050011, China
| | - Marc Bartels
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Carlos Perez-Torres
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Maria F. Botero
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Robin Ward McAninch
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Alejandro Contreras
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Corresponding author,
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Verdoliva A, Bellofiore P, Rivieccio V, Catello S, Colombo M, Albertoni C, Rosi A, Leoni B, Anastasi AM, De Santis R. Biochemical and biological characterization of a new oxidized avidin with enhanced tissue binding properties. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9090-9. [PMID: 20100839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.080457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken avidin and bacterial streptavidin are widely employed in vitro for their capacity to bind biotin, but their pharmacokinetics and immunological properties are not always optimal, thereby limiting their use in medical treatments. Here we investigate the biochemical and biological properties of a new modified avidin, obtained by ligand-assisted sodium periodate oxidation of avidin. This method allows protection of biotin-binding sites of avidin from inactivation caused by the oxidation step and delay of avidin clearance from injected tissue by generation of aldehyde groups from avidin carbohydrate moieties. Oxidized avidin shows spectroscopic properties similar to that of native avidin, indicating that tryptophan residues are spared from oxidation damage. In strict agreement with these results, circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry analyses confirm that the ligand-assisted oxidation preserves the avidin protein structure and its biotin binding capacity. In vitro cell binding and in vivo tissue residence experiments demonstrate that aldehyde groups provide oxidized avidin the property to bind cellular and interstitial protein amino groups through Schiff's base formation, resulting in a tissue half-life of 2 weeks, compared with 2 h of native avidin. In addition, the efficient uptake of the intravenously injected (111)In-BiotinDOTA (ST2210) in the site previously treated with modified avidin underlines that tissue-bound oxidized avidin retains its biotin binding capacity in vivo. The results presented here indicate that oxidized avidin could be employed to create a stable artificial receptor in diseased tissues for the targeting of biotinylated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdoliva
- Research and Development Department, Tecnogen SpA, Piana di Monte Verna, 81013 Caserta, Italy
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Nordlund HR, Hytönen VP, Laitinen OH, Kulomaa MS. Novel avidin-like protein from a root nodule symbiotic bacterium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:13250-5. [PMID: 15695809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414336200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium japonicum is an important nitrogenfixing symbiotic bacterium, which can form root nodules on soybeans. These bacteria have a gene encoding a putative avidin- and streptavidin-like protein, which bears an amino acid sequence identity of only about 30% over the core regions with both of them. We produced this protein in Escherichia coli both as the full-length wild type and as a C-terminally truncated core form and showed that it is indeed a high affinity biotin-binding protein that resembles (strept)avidin structurally and functionally. Because of the considerable dissimilarity in the amino acid sequence, however, it is immunologically very different, and polyclonal rabbit and human antibodies toward (strept)avidin did not show significant cross-reactivity with it. Therefore this new avidin, named bradavidin, facilitates medical treatments such as targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and imaging by offering an alternative tool for use if (strept)avidin cannot be used, because of a deleterious patient immune response for example. In addition to its medical value, bradavidin can be used both in other applications of avidin-biotin technology and as a source of new ideas when creating engineered (strept)avidin forms by changing or combining the desired parts, interface patterns, or specific residues within the avidin protein family. Moreover, the unexpected discovery of bradavidin indicates that the group of new and undiscovered bacterial avidin-like proteins may be both more diverse and more common than hitherto thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri R Nordlund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, NanoScience Center, P. O. Box 35 (YAB), FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Barry MA, Campos SK, Ghosh D, Adams KE, Mok H, Mercier GT, Parrott MB. Biotinylated gene therapy vectors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003; 3:925-40. [PMID: 12943452 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.3.6.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The avidin-biotin system is a fundamental technology in biomedicine for immunolocalisation, imaging, nucleic acid blotting and protein labelling. This technology has recently been adapted for use in gene therapy vector applications to add proteins or cell-targeting ligands to non-viral and viral vectors. Two biotinylation technologies are being used in these applications: chemical biotinylation and metabolic biotinylation. In chemical biotinylation, reactive alkylating agents couple biotin to proteins by random covalent attachment to amino acid side chains. In metabolic biotinylation, proteins are genetically engineered with a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP), such that they are covalently biotinylated by cellular biotin ligases during viral vector production. Both technologies show promise for cell-targeting in vitro and in vivo, and for ligand screening applications. Metabolic biotinylation has the added feature of allowing viruses, vectors and vaccines to be produced from cells already biotinylated, thereby allowing them to purified by affinity chromatography on monomeric avidin columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Rice University, One Baylor Plaza, N1020, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Hytönen VP, Laitinen OH, Grapputo A, Kettunen A, Savolainen J, Kalkkinen N, Marttila AT, Nordlund HR, Nyholm TKM, Paganelli G, Kulomaa MS. Characterization of poultry egg-white avidins and their potential as a tool in pretargeting cancer treatment. Biochem J 2003; 372:219-25. [PMID: 12558501 PMCID: PMC1223360 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2002] [Revised: 01/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chicken avidin and bacterial streptavidin are proteins used in a wide variety of applications in the life sciences due to their strong affinity for biotin. A new and promising use for them is in medical pretargeting cancer treatments. However, their pharmacokinetics and immunological properties are not always optimal, thereby limiting their use in these applications. To search for potentially beneficial new candidates, we screened egg white from four different poultry species for avidin. Avidin proteins, isolated from the duck, goose, ostrich and turkey, showed a similar tetrameric structure, similar glycosylation and stability against both temperature and proteolytic activity of proteinase K as chicken avidin. Biotin-binding properties of these avidins, measured using IAsys optical biosensor, were similar to those found in avidin from the chicken. Three of these novel avidins, however, showed different immunological cross-reactivities when compared with chicken avidin. The patient sera responses to duck, goose and ostrich avidins were also lower than those observed for chicken and turkey avidins. Our findings suggest that the use of these proteins offers advantages over chicken avidin and bacterial streptavidin in pretargeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YAB), Jyväskylä, FIN-40014, Finland
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