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Rhimi M, Da Lage JL, Haser R, Feller G, Aghajari N. Structural and Functional Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster α-Amylase. Molecules 2023; 28:5327. [PMID: 37513201 PMCID: PMC10384113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects rely on carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen as an energy supply for growth of larvae and for longevity. In this sense α-amylases have essential roles under extreme conditions, e.g., during nutritional or temperature stress, thereby contributing to survival of the insect. This makes them interesting targets for combating insect pests. Drosophila melanogaster α-amylase, DMA, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 13, sub family 15, has been studied from an evolutionary, biochemical, and structural point of view. Our studies revealed that the DMA enzyme is active over a broad temperature and pH range, which is in agreement with the fluctuating environmental changes with which the insect is confronted. Crystal structures disclosed a new nearly fully solvated metal ion, only coordinated to the protein via Gln263. This residue is only conserved in the subgroup of D. melanogaster and may thus contribute to the enzyme adaptive response to large temperature variations. Studies of the effect of plant inhibitors and the pseudo-tetrasaccharide inhibitor acarbose on DMA activity, allowed us to underline the important role of the so-called flexible loop on activity/inhibition, but also to suggest that the inhibition modes of the wheat inhibitors WI-1 and WI-3 on DMA, are likely different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
| | - Jean-Luc Da Lage
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191 University Paris-Saclay-CNRS-IRD, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Richard Haser
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering-InBioS, Institute of Chemistry B6a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
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Claisse G, Feller G, Bonneau M, Da Lage JL. A single amino-acid substitution toggles chloride dependence of the alpha-amylase paralog amyrel in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 75:70-77. [PMID: 27312592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In animals, most α-amylases are chloride-dependent enzymes. A chloride ion is required for allosteric activation and is coordinated by one asparagine and two arginine side chains. Whereas the asparagine and one arginine are strictly conserved, the main chloride binding arginine is replaced by a glutamine in some rare instances, resulting in the loss of chloride binding and activation. Amyrel is a distant paralogue of α-amylase in Diptera, which was not characterized biochemically to date. Amyrel shows both substitutions depending on the species. In Drosophila melanogaster, an arginine is present in the sequence but in Drosophila virilis, a glutamine occurs at this position. We have investigated basic enzymological parameters and the dependence to chloride of Amyrel of both species, produced in yeast, and in mutants substituting arginine to glutamine or glutamine to arginine. We found that the amylolytic activity of Amyrel is about thirty times weaker than the classical Drosophila α-amylase, and that the substitution of the arginine by a glutamine in D. melanogaster suppressed the chloride-dependence but was detrimental to activity. In contrast, changing the glutamine into an arginine rendered D. virilis Amyrel chloride-dependent, and interestingly, significantly increased its catalytic efficiency. These results show that the chloride ion is not mandatory for Amyrel but stimulates the reaction rate. The possible phylogenetic origin of the arginine/glutamine substitution is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Claisse
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Magalie Bonneau
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Da Lage
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Paul T, Chatterjee S, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay D, Basu S, Sarkar K. A Simple One Pot Purification of Bacterial Amylase From Fermented Broth Based on Affinity Toward Starch-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:501-14. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Commin C, Aumont-Nicaise M, Claisse G, Feller G, Da Lage JL. Enzymatic characterization of recombinant α-amylase in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup: is there an effect of specialization on digestive enzyme? Genes Genet Syst 2014; 88:251-9. [PMID: 24463528 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.88.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a comparative study on the enzymological features of purified recombinant α-amylase of three species belonging to the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup: D. melanogaster, D. erecta and D. sechellia. D. erecta and D. sechellia are specialist species, with host plant Pandanus candelabrum (Pandanaceae) and Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae), respectively. The temperature optima were around 57-60℃ for the three species. The pH optima were 7.2 for D. melanogaster, 8.2 for D. erecta and 8.5 for D. sechellia. The kcat and Km were also estimated for each species with different substrates. The specialist species D. erecta and D. sechellia display a higher affinity for starch than D. melanogaster. α-Amylase activity is higher on starch than on glycogen in all species. α-Amylases of D. erecta and D. sechellia have a higher activity on maltooligosaccharides (G6 and G7) than on starch, contrary to D. melanogaster. Such differences in the enzymological features between the species might reflect adaptation to different ecological niches and feeding habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Commin
- UPR 9034 Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Université Paris-Sud
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Sorkhabi-Abdolmaleki S, Zibaee A, Hoda H, Fazeli-Dinan M. Purification and characterization of midgut α-amylase in a predatory bug, Andralus spinidens. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:65. [PMID: 25373212 PMCID: PMC4207512 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylases are widespread enzymes that catalyze endohydrolysis of long α-1,4-glucan chains such as starch and glycogen. The highest amylolytic activity was found in 5th instar nymphs and midgut of the predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens F. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The α-amylase was purified following a three-step procedure. The purified α-amylase had a specific activity of 13.46 U/mg protein, recovery of 4.21, purification fold of 13.87, and molecular weight of 21.3 kDa. The enzyme had optimal pH and temperature of 7 and 45°C, respectively. Na+, Mn+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ significantly decreased activity of the purified α-amylase, but some concentrations of K+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ had the opposite effect. EDTA, EGTA, and DTC significantly decreased enzymatic activity, showing the presence of metal ions in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Kinetic parameters of the purified α-amylase showed a Km of 3.71% in starch and 4.96% for glycogen, suggesting that the enzyme had a higher affinity for starch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Biological Control Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Amol, Iran
| | - Hassan Hoda
- Biological Control Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Amol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan
- Department of Medical Entomology, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
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Xu W, Huang Q, Wu X, Yu X, Wang X, Tao L. Property of midgut α-amylase from Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae and its responses to potential inhibitors in vitro. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:ieu144. [PMID: 25527590 PMCID: PMC5657837 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Midgut α-amylase is an important digestive enzyme involved in larval energy metabolism and carbohydrate assimilation. In this article, the properties of midgut α-amylase from the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae were characterized, and its in vitro responses to chemical inhibitors were also determined. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of midgut α-amylase were 0.064 M, 4.81 U mg pro(-1) in phosphate buffer, and 0.128 M, 1.96 U mg pro(-1) in barbiturate-acetate buffer; α-amylase activity linearly increased as starch concentration increased. α-Amylase activity was not influenced by amino acids such as Pro, Met, Try, His, Ala, and Phe but was strongly activated by antioxidants. Reduced glutathione, 1,4-dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, and ascorbic acid improved the activity of α-amylase about 2.06, 3.46, 3.37, and 6.38 times, respectively, relative to the control. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) strongly inhibited α-amylase. α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin were not the preferred substrates for α-amylase. Kinetic analysis showed that IC50 value of NBS against α-amylase was 1.52 (±0.26) µM, and the mode of action of NBS with Ki as 2.53 (0.35) µM was a mixed-type inhibition that indicated a combination of partial competitive and pure noncompetitive inhibition. The midgut α-amylase of armyworm larvae may be a potential target for novel insecticide development and pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuexiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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WU MINGCHANG, LIN JENSHINN, KUO SHOTIN, LIN YEONGSHENN. PURIFICATION OF AMYLASE FROM TILAPIA BY MAGNETIC PARTICLE. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Da Lage JL, Danchin EGJ, Casane D. Where do animal α-amylases come from? An interkingdom trip. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3927-35. [PMID: 17662722 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylases are widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Few amino acids are conserved among these organisms, but at an intra-kingdom level, conserved protein domains exist. In animals, numerous conserved stretches are considered as typical of animal alpha-amylases. Searching databases, we found no animal-type alpha-amylases outside the Bilateria. Instead, we found in the sponge Reniera sp. and in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, alpha-amylases whose most similar cognate was that of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We found that this "Dictyo-type" alpha-amylase was shared not only by these non-Bilaterian animals, but also by other Amoebozoa, Choanoflagellates, and Fungi. This suggested that the Dictyo-type alpha-amylase was present in the last common ancestor of Unikonts. The additional presence of the Dictyo-type in some Ciliates and Excavates, suggests that horizontal gene transfers may have occurred among Eukaryotes. We have also detected putative interkingdom transfers of amylase genes, which obscured the historical reconstitution. Several alternative scenarii are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Da Lage
- Laboratoire Evolution, génomes et spéciation (LEGS), CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France.
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Pelegrini PB, Murad AM, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Mello LV, Romeiro LAS, Noronha EF, Caldas RA, Franco OL. Structure and enzyme properties of Zabrotes subfasciatus alpha-amylase. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 61:77-86. [PMID: 16416448 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Digestive alpha-amylases play an essential role in insect carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes belong to an endo-type group. They catalyse starch hydrolysis, and are involved in energy production. Larvae of Zabrotes subfasciatus, the Mexican bean weevil, are able to infest stored common beans Phaseolus vulgaris, causing severe crop losses in Latin America and Africa. Their alpha-amylase (ZSA) is a well-studied but not completely understood enzyme, having specific characteristics when compared to other insect alpha-amylases. This report provides more knowledge about its chemical nature, including a description of its optimum pH (6.0 to 7.0) and temperature (20-30 degrees C). Furthermore, ion effects on ZSA activity were also determined, showing that three divalent ions (Mn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+) were able to enhance starch hydrolysis. Fe2+ appeared to decrease alpha-amylase activity by half. ZSA kinetic parameters were also determined and compared to other insect alpha-amylases. A three-dimensional model is proposed in order to indicate probable residues involved in catalysis (Asp204, Glu240, and Asp305) as well other important residues related to starch binding (His118, Ala206, Lys207, and His304).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia B Pelegrini
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Zhang GX, Li WJ. Related dipeptide and characteristic dipeptide of optimal pH in alpha-amylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 299:647-51. [PMID: 12459188 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylase is an enzyme of great significance to industry, but most alpha-amylases are unstable at lower pH. In this paper, we have studied the related dipeptide and characteristic dipeptide of optimal pH in alpha-amylase. On analysis, it gives the explicit results as follows: (1) Ten dipeptides are associated with alpha-amylase's optimal pH. AH, DV, EH, HR, and YV are of positive correlation, AM, IC, NG, NL, and PS are of negative correlation. (2) GE, RE, GS, and KS are higher pH alpha-amylase characteristic dipeptides; AS, GS, DY, and GI are high pH alpha-amylase characteristic dipeptides; TE, VR, DS, and ET are middle pH alpha-amylase characteristic dipeptides; DK, NT, PT, and RV are low pH alpha-amylase characteristic dipeptides; AT, DS, GR, and SR are lower pH alpha-amylase characteristic dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Xin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214036, China.
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