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TRPC4 and GIRK channels underlie neuronal coding of firing patterns that reflect G q/11-G i/o coincidence signals of variable strengths. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120870119. [PMID: 35544691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120870119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceNeurons communicate by releasing neurotransmitters, many of which act at G protein-coupled receptors. Although it is well known that Gq/11 accelerates action potential firing while Gi/o inhibits firing, how firing patterns change in response to simultaneous activation of Gq/11 and Gi/o remains elusive, especially because the relative strength of Gq/11 versus Gi/o activation varies greatly from event to event. This study reveals that neurons encode distinct messages that reflect coincident Gq/11 and Gi/o stimulation by activating two ion channels, TRPC4 and GIRK. The resulting firing patterns, composed of burst, pause, and firing recovery phases, reflect both the occurrence of coincident Gq/11 and Gi/o activation and their relative strengths. With these, we may begin to interpret the language of neurons.
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Kaur D, Arora C, Raghava GPS. Prognostic Biomarker-Based Identification of Drugs for Managing the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:629-646. [PMID: 34155607 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) causes thousands of deaths per year. To improve the overall survival of patients with UCEC, there is a need to identify prognostic biomarkers and potential drugs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was twofold: the identification of prognostic gene signatures from expression profiles of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes and identification of the most effective existing drugs using the prognostic gene signature. METHODS This study was based on the expression profile of PRR genes of 541 patients with UCEC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Key prognostic signatures were identified using various approaches, including survival analysis, network, and clustering. Hub genes were identified by constructing a co-expression network. Representative genes were identified using k-means and k-medoids-based clustering. Univariate Cox proportional hazard (PH) analysis was used to identify survival-associated genes. 'cmap2' was used to identify potential drugs that can suppress/enhance the expression of prognostic genes. RESULTS Models were developed using hub genes and achieved a maximum hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (p = 0.294). Then, a clustering-based model was developed using seven genes (HR 9.14; p = 1.49 × 10-12). Finally, a nine gene-based risk stratification model was developed (CLEC1B, CLEC3A, IRF7, CTSB, FCN1, RIPK2, NLRP10, NLRP9, and SARM1) and achieved HR 10.70; p = 1.1 × 10-12. The performance of this model improved significantly in combination with the clinical stage and achieved HR 15.23; p = 2.21 × 10-7. We also developed a model for predicting high-risk patients (survival ≤ 4.3 years) and achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.86. CONCLUSION We identified potential immunotherapeutic agents based on prognostic gene signature: hexamethonium bromide and isoflupredone. Several novel candidate drugs were suggested, including human interferon-α-2b, paclitaxel, imiquimod, MESO-DAP1, and mifamurtide. These biomolecules and repurposed drugs may be utilised for prognosis and treatment for better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilraj Kaur
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Chakit Arora
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology-Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi, 110020, India.
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Miguel E, Vekovischeva O, Kuokkanen K, Vesajoki M, Paasikoski N, Kaskinoro J, Myllymäki M, Lainiola M, Janhunen SK, Hyytiä P, Linden A, Korpi ER. GABA B receptor positive allosteric modulators with different efficacies affect neuroadaptation to and self-administration of alcohol and cocaine. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1191-1203. [PMID: 30421860 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse induce widespread synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons. Such drug-induced neuroadaptations may constitute an initial cellular mechanism eventually leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. To evaluate the impact of GABAB receptors on addiction-related persistent neuroplasticity, we tested the ability of orthosteric agonist baclofen and two positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAB receptors to suppress neuroadaptations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and reward-related behaviors induced by ethanol and cocaine. A novel compound (S)-1-(5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-4-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one (ORM-27669) was found to be a GABAB PAM of low efficacy as agonist, whereas the reference compound (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one (rac-BHFF) had a different allosteric profile being a more potent PAM in the calcium-based assay and an agonist, coupled with potent PAM activity, in the [35 S] GTPγS binding assay in rat and human recombinant receptors. Using autoradiography, the high-efficacy rac-BHFF and the low-efficacy ORM-27669 potentiated the effects of baclofen on [35 S] GTPγS binding with identical brain regional distribution. Treatment of mice with baclofen, rac-BHFF, or ORM-27669 failed to induce glutamate receptor neuroplasticity in the VTA DA neurons. Pretreatment with rac-BHFF at non-sedative doses effectively reversed both ethanol- and cocaine-induced plasticity and attenuated cocaine i.v. self-administration and ethanol drinking. Pretreatment with ORM-27669 only reversed ethanol-induced neuroplasticity and attenuated ethanol drinking but had no effects on cocaine-induced neuroplasticity or self-administration. These findings encourage further investigation of GABAB receptor PAMs with different efficacies in addiction models to develop novel treatment strategies for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | - Olga Vekovischeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | - Katja Kuokkanen
- Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation Finland
| | - Marja Vesajoki
- Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation Finland
| | - Nelli Paasikoski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | - Janne Kaskinoro
- Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation Finland
| | - Mikko Myllymäki
- Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation Finland
| | - Mira Lainiola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | - Anni‐Maija Linden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
| | - Esa R. Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Finland
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Kotak VC, Mirallave A, Mowery TM, Sanes DH. GABAergic inhibition gates excitatory LTP in perirhinal cortex. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1217-1223. [PMID: 28881444 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The perirhinal cortex (PRh) is a key region downstream of auditory cortex (ACx) that processes familiarity linked mnemonic signaling. In gerbils, ACx-driven EPSPs recorded in PRh neurons are largely shunted by GABAergic inhibition (Kotak et al., 2015, Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 9). To determine whether inhibitory shunting prevents the induction of excitatory long-term potentiation (e-LTP), we stimulated ACx-recipient PRh in a brain slice preparation using theta burst stimulation (TBS). Under control conditions, without GABA blockers, the majority of PRh neurons exhibited long-term depression. A very low concentration of bicuculline increased EPSP amplitude, but under this condition TBS did not significantly increase e-LTP induction. Since PRh synaptic inhibition included a GABAB receptor-mediated component, we added a GABAB receptor antagonist. When both GABAA and GABAB receptors were blocked, TBS reliably induced e-LTP in a majority of PRh neurons. We conclude that GABAergic transmission is a vital mechanism regulating e-LTP induction in the PRh, and may be associated with auditory learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan H Sanes
- Center for Neural Science, New York, New York 10003.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York 10003.,Department of Biology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York 10003.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Role of GABA(B) receptors in learning and memory and neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:1-28. [PMID: 26814961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is evident from the literature that altered GABAB receptor function does affect behavior, these results often do not correspond well. These differences could be due to the task protocol, animal strain, ligand concentration, or timing of administration utilized. Because several clinical populations exhibit learning and memory deficits in addition to altered markers of GABA and the GABAB receptor, it is important to determine whether altered GABAB receptor function is capable of contributing to the deficits. The aim of this review is to examine the effect of altered GABAB receptor function on synaptic plasticity as demonstrated by in vitro data, as well as the effects on performance in learning and memory tasks. Finally, data regarding altered GABA and GABAB receptor markers within clinical populations will be reviewed. Together, the data agree that proper functioning of GABAB receptors is crucial for numerous learning and memory tasks and that targeting this system via pharmaceuticals may benefit several clinical populations.
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Sheehan TP, Chambers RA, Russell DS. Regulation of affect by the lateral septum: implications for neuropsychiatry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 46:71-117. [PMID: 15297155 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that the lateral septum (LS) plays a critical role in regulating processes related to mood and motivation. This review presents findings from the basic neuroscience literature and from some clinically oriented research, drawing from behavioral, neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and molecular studies in support of such a role, and articulates models and hypotheses intended to advance our understanding of these functions. Neuroanatomically, the LS is connected with numerous regions known to regulate affect, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Through its connections with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, the LS regulates motivation, both by stimulating the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons and regulating the consequences of this activity on the ventral striatum. Evidence that LS function could impact processes related to schizophrenia and other psychotic spectrum disorders, such as alterations in LS function following administration of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics in animals, will also be presented. The LS can also diminish or enable fear responding when its neural activity is stimulated or inhibited, respectively, perhaps through its projections to the hypothalamus. It also regulates behavioral manifestations of depression, with antidepressants stimulating the activity of LS neurons, and depression-like phenotypes corresponding to blunted activity of LS neurons; serotonin likely plays a key role in modulating these functions by influencing the responsiveness of the LS to hippocampal input. In conclusion, a better understanding of the LS may provide important and useful information in the pursuit of better treatments for a wide range of psychiatric conditions typified by disregulation of affective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teige P Sheehan
- Department of Psychology, Brown University, P.O. Box 1853, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Ikeda H, Kusudo K, Ryu PD, Murase K. Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on plasticity of optically recorded neuronal activity in the substantia gelatinosa of rat spinal cord slices. Pain 2003; 106:197-207. [PMID: 14581128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on plasticity of optically recorded neuronal activity in the substantia gelatinosa (lamina II) of 12-18-day-old rat spinal cord slices stained with a voltage-sensitive dye. Single-pulse test stimulation to the dorsal root that activated A and C fibres evoked prolonged (>100 ms) light-absorption change in the lamina II. This response represents the gross membrane potential change of all elements along the slice depth. After conditioning high-frequency stimulation of A-fibre-activating strength, test stimulus elicited less neuronal activity [-27+/-1% (7), (average+/-SE (n)), P<0.01 (*) at 45-60 min after conditioning]. When CRF (1 microM, 10 min) was applied during conditioning, the neuronal activity was facilitated rather than suppressed [+20+/-3% (5), P<0.05]. CRF alone exhibited insignificant effect [-5+/-1% (4), P=0.2]. In the presence of the inhibitory amino acid antagonists bicuculline (1 microM) and strychnine (0.3 microM) in the perfusate, in contrast, the conditioning facilitated it [+27+/-1% (12)*], and CRF treatment during conditioning inhibited the facilitation dose-dependently [0.1 microM: +18+/-2% (5)*, 1 microM: +13+/-1% (7)*]. Although interneuronal actions might contribute, these results suggest that CRF may have dual effects on excitatory synaptic transmission within the lamina II depending upon cellular conditions: a conversion from the induction of long-term depression to long-term potentiation (LTP), and inhibition of LTP induction. Since the LTP is thought to be responsible at least in part for the persistent pain, CRF could regulate the induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, Fukui University, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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Activation of presynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors facilitates excitatory synaptic transmission via protein kinase C in the dorsolateral septal nucleus. J Neurosci 2002. [PMID: 12196574 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07509.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on EPSPs and EPSCs in the rat dorsolateral septal nucleus (DLSN) were examined in the presence of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor antagonists. Bath application of 5-HT (10 microm) for 5-10 min increased the amplitude of the EPSP and EPSC. (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (10 microm), an agonist for 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors, did not facilitate the EPSP. alpha-Methyl-5-HT (10 microm), a 5-HT2 receptor agonist, increased the amplitude of the EPSC. Alpha-methyl-5-(2-thienylmethoxy)-1H-indole-3-ethanamine (10 microm) and 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (10 microm), selective 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor agonists, respectively, had no effect on the EPSP. The 5-HT-induced facilitation of the EPSP was blocked by ketanserin (10 microm), a 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist. However, N-desmethylclozapine (10 microm), a selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, did not block the facilitation of the EPSP induced by alpha-methyl-5-HT. The inward current evoked by exogenous glutamate was unaffected by 5-HT. 5-HT (10 microm) and alpha-methyl-5-HT (10 microm) increased the frequency of miniature EPSPs (mEPSPs) without changing the mEPSP amplitude. The ratio of the paired pulse facilitation was significantly decreased by 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT. The 5-HT-induced facilitation of the EPSP was blocked by calphostin C (100 nm), a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but not by N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (10 microm), a protein kinase A inhibitor. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (3 microm) mimicked the facilitatory effects of 5-HT. These results suggest that 5-HT enhances the EPSP by increasing the release of glutamate via presynaptic 5-HT2A receptors that link with PKC in rat DLSN neurons.
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