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Evaluation of the Key Advantages between Two Modalities of Boronophenylalanine Administration for Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Using an Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172736. [PMID: 36078143 PMCID: PMC9454519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), boronophenylalanine (BPA) administrations through one-step infusion (OSI) and two-step infusion (TSI) are the most widely used. This study compared the advantages of OSI and TSI using a human oral squamous cell carcinoma-bearing animal model. OSI was administered at a high-dose rate of 20 mg/kg/min for 20 min (total dose: 400 mg/kg) as the first step infusion. TSI was a prolonged infusion at a low-dose rate of 1.67 mg/kg/min for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min (total dose: 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) following the first step infusion. The sigmoid Emax model was used to evaluate the boron accumulation effect in the tumor. The advantages of TSI were observed to be greater than those of OSI. The observed advantages of TSI were as follows: a stable level of boron concentration in blood; tumor to blood boron ratio (T/B); tumor to muscle boron ratio (T/M); and skin to blood boron ratio (S/B). The boron accumulation effect in tumors increased to 68.98%. Thus, effective boron concentration in these tumor cells was achieved to enhance the lethal damage in BNCT treatment. Boron concentration in the blood was equal to that in the skin. Therefore, the equivalent dose was accurately estimated for the skin.
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Tatebe H, Masunaga SI, Nishimura Y. Effect of Rapamycin on the Radio-Sensitivity of Cultured Tumor Cells Following Boron Neutron Capture Reaction. World J Oncol 2020; 11:158-164. [PMID: 32849956 PMCID: PMC7430854 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs and poor treatment outcomes in various human cancers. Meanwhile, clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been carried out for patients with malignant gliomas, melanomas, inoperable head and neck tumors and oral cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mTOR inhibition on radio-sensitivity of cultured tumor cells in BNCT, employing p-boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) as a 10B-carrier. Methods Cultured SAS cells had been incubated for 48 h at RPMI medium with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin at the dose of 1 µM, and then continuously incubated for 2 more hours at RPMI medium containing both BPA at the 10B concentration of 10 ppm and rapamycin (1 µM). Subsequently, the SAS cells received reactor neutron beams, and then surviving fraction and micronucleus frequency were determined. Results SAS cells incubated with rapamycin showed resistance to γ-rays compared with no treatment with rapamycin. The efficiency of delivery of 10B from BPA into cultured SAS cells was reduced through combining with rapamycin, leading to reduced sensitivity following boron neutron capture reaction. Conclusions Since many tumors are characterized by deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, rapamycin is thought to inhibit the pathway and tumor growth. However, it was revealed that rapamycin can also inhibit the transport of 10B for BNCT into tumor cells. When BNCT is combined with mTOR inhibitor, the efficiency as cancer treatment can be reduced by repression of distributing 10B in tumor cells, warranting precaution when the two strategies are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tatebe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Biology, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Li K, Limphirat A, Sanguansak N. Study of dose rate in the brain model based on the neutron beam of SUT-MNSR. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023924002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is tumor-cell targeted radiotherapy that has significant superiority over conventional radiotherapies. The most neutron beams used for BNCT are from the reactors with high power, new design Miniature Neutron Source Reactor(MNSR) with 45kW with BNCT beam for Suranaree University of Technology(SUT) is being designed and built. According to SUT-MNSR physics design, SUT-MNSR will have the epithermal neutron beam for BNCT treatment. The dose rate distribution in the body should be estimated before SUT-MNSR is used for BNCT clinical trials (Brain tumor). This paper introduces the simulation for SUT-MNSR neutron beam by Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP), and the establishment of human brain model and physics dose rate distribution in brain tumor by MCNP program.The brain model is established according to the different element in the skin, skull and tissue, the distribution of neutron dose and Gamma dose in the brain model were calculated.
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Yu H, Tang X, Shu D, Liu Y, Geng C, Gong C, Hang S, Chen D. Influence of Neutron Sources and 10B Concentration on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Shallow and Deeper Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. HEALTH PHYSICS 2017; 112:258-265. [PMID: 28121726 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a radiotherapy that combines biological targeting and high Linear Energy Transfer (LET). It is considered a potential therapeutic approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It could avoid the inaccurate treatment caused by the lung motion during radiotherapy, because the dose deposition mainly depends on the boron localization and neutron source. Thus, B concentration and neutron sources are both principal factors of BNCT, and they play significant roles in the curative effect of BNCT for different cases. The purpose was to explore the feasibility of BNCT treatment for NSCLC with either of two neutron sources (the epithermal reactor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology named "MIT source" and the accelerator neutron source designed in Argentina named "MEC source") and various boron concentrations. Shallow and deeper lung tumors were defined in the Chinese hybrid radiation phantom, and the Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the dose to tumors and healthy organs. The MEC source was more appropriate to treat the shallow tumor (depth of 6 cm) with a shorter treatment time. However, the MIT source was more suitable for deep lung tumor (depth of 9 cm) treatment, as the MEC source is more likely to exceed the skin dose limit. Thus, a neutron source consisting of more fast neutrons is not necessarily suitable for deep treatment of lung tumors. Theoretical distribution of B in tumors and organs at risk (especially skin) was obtained to meet the treatable requirement of BNCT, which may provide the references to identify the feasibility of BNCT for the treatment of lung cancer using these two neutron sources in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- *Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, 210016 Nanjing, China; †Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 29 Yudao Street, 210016 Nanjing, China; ‡Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Savolainen S, Kortesniemi M, Timonen M, Reijonen V, Kuusela L, Uusi-Simola J, Salli E, Koivunoro H, Seppälä T, Lönnroth N, Välimäki P, Hyvönen H, Kotiluoto P, Serén T, Kuronen A, Heikkinen S, Kosunen A, Auterinen I. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in Finland: technological and physical prospects after 20 years of experiences. Phys Med 2012; 29:233-48. [PMID: 22613369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy method developed to treat patients with certain malignant tumours. To date, over 300 treatments have been carried out at the Finnish BNCT facility in various on-going and past clinical trials. In this technical review, we discuss our research work in the field of medical physics to form the groundwork for the Finnish BNCT patient treatments, as well as the possibilities to further develop and optimize the method in the future. Accordingly, the following aspects are described: neutron sources, beam dosimetry, treatment planning, boron imaging and determination, and finally the possibilities to detect the efficacy and effects of BNCT on patients.
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Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the Treatment of Locally Recurred Head-and-Neck Cancer: Final Analysis of a Phase I/II Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 82:e67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yu HT, Liu YWH, Lin TY, Wang LW. BNCT treatment planning of recurrent head-and-neck cancer using THORplan. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1907-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Determination of boron concentration in blood and tissue samples from patients with liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma using Prompt Gamma Ray Activation Analysis (PGAA). Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:936-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rahmani F, Shahriari M. Beam shaping assembly optimization of Linac based BNCT and in-phantom depth dose distribution analysis of brain tumors for verification of a beam model. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Linko S, Revitzer H, Zilliacus R, Kortesniemi M, Kouri M, Savolainen S. Boron detection from blood samples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS during boron neutron capture therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 68:696-702. [PMID: 18609119 DOI: 10.1080/00365510802100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) involves infusion of a (10)B containing tracer into the patient's bloodstream followed by local neutron irradiation(s). Accurate estimation of the blood boron level for the treatment field before irradiation is required. Boron concentration can be quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), spectrofluorometric and direct current atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES) or by prompt gamma photon detection methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS The blood boron concentrations were analysed and compared using ICP-AES and ICP-MS to ensure congruency of the results if the analysis had to be changed during the treatment, e.g. for technical reasons. The effect of wet-ashing on the results was studied in addition. RESULTS The mean of all samples analysed with ICP-MS was 5.8 % lower than with ICP-AES coupled to wet-ashing (R (2) = 0.88). Without wet-ashing, the mean of all samples analysed with ICP-MS was 9.1 % higher than with ICP-AES (R (2) = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Boron concentration analysed from whole blood samples with ICP-AES correlated well with the values of ICP-MS with wet-ashing of the sample matrix, which is generally considered the reference method. When using these methods in parallel at certain intervals during the treatments, reliability of the blood boron concentration values remains satisfactory, taking into account the required accuracy of dose determination in the irradiation of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Linko
- Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.
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Porcari P, Capuani S, D'Amore E, Lecce M, La Bella A, Fasano F, Campanella R, Migneco LM, Pastore FS, Maraviglia B. In vivo (19)F MRI and (19)F MRS of (19)F-labelled boronophenylalanine-fructose complex on a C6 rat glioma model to optimize boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:6979-89. [PMID: 19001698 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising binary modality used to treat malignant brain gliomas. To optimize BNCT effectiveness a non-invasive method is needed to monitor the spatial distribution of BNCT carriers in order to estimate the optimal timing for neutron irradiation. In this study, in vivo spatial distribution mapping and pharmacokinetics evaluation of the (19)F-labelled boronophenylalanine (BPA) were performed using (19)F magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI) and (19)F magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((19)F MRS). Characteristic uptake of (19)F-BPA in C6 glioma showed a maximum at 2.5 h after compound infusion as confirmed by both (19)F images and (19)F spectra acquired on blood samples collected at different times after infusion. This study shows the ability of (19)F MRI to selectively map the bio-distribution of (19)F-BPA in a C6 rat glioma model, as well as providing a useful method to perform pharmacokinetics of BNCT carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Porcari
- CNR-INFM SOFT, Physics Department, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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12
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Kankaanranta L, Seppälä T, Koivunoro H, Saarilahti K, Atula T, Collan J, Salli E, Kortesniemi M, Uusi-Simola J, Mäkitie A, Seppänen M, Minn H, Kotiluoto P, Auterinen I, Savolainen S, Kouri M, Joensuu H. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in the Treatment of Locally Recurred Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69:475-82. [PMID: 17689034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck carcinomas that recur locally after conventional irradiation pose a difficult therapeutic problem. We evaluated safety and efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in the treatment of such cancers. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twelve patients with inoperable, recurred, locally advanced (rT3, rT4, or rN2) head and neck cancer were treated with BNCT in a prospective, single-center Phase I-II study. Prior treatments consisted of surgery and conventionally fractionated photon irradiation to a cumulative dose of 56-74 Gy administered with or without concomitant chemotherapy. Tumor responses were assessed using the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria and adverse effects using the National Cancer Institute common toxicity grading v3.0. Intravenously administered boronophenylalanine-fructose (BPA-F, 400 mg/kg) was used as the boron carrier. Each patient was scheduled to be treated twice with BNCT. RESULTS Ten patients received BNCT twice; 2 were treated once. Ten (83%) patients responded to BNCT, and 2 (17%) had tumor growth stabilization for 5.5 and 7.6 months. The median duration of response was 12.1 months; six responses were ongoing at the time of analysis or death (range, 4.9-19.2 months). Four (33%) patients were alive without recurrence with a median follow-up of 14.0 months (range, 12.8-19.2 months). The most common acute adverse effects were mucositis, fatigue, and local pain; 2 patients had a severe (Grade 3) late adverse effect (xerostomia, 1; dysphagia, 1). CONCLUSIONS Boron neutron capture therapy is effective and safe in the treatment of inoperable, locally advanced head and neck carcinomas that recur at previously irradiated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kankaanranta
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Porcari P, Capuani S, Campanella R, La Bella A, Migneco LM, Maraviglia B. Multi-nuclear MRS and 19F MRI of 19F-labelled and 10B-enriched p-boronophenylalanine-fructose complex to optimize boron neutron capture therapy: phantom studies at high magnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:3141-54. [PMID: 16757868 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/12/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reaction yield optimization for the synthesis and the complexation of a boron neutron capture therapy agent (19)F-labelled, (10)B-enriched p-boronophenylalanine-fructose ((19)F-BPA-fr) complex was obtained. (1)H, (19)F, (13)C and (10)B magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the (19)F-BPA-fr complex in aqueous and rat blood solution phantoms and its spatial distribution mapping using (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results are reported. 7 T and 9.4 T magnetic fields were used to perform MRI and MRS respectively. Our in vitro results suggest that in vivo studies on (19)F-BPA through (19)F NMR will be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Porcari
- Physics Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Timonen M, Kankaanranta L, Lundbom N, Collan J, Kangasmäki A, Kortesniemi M, Häkkinen AM, Lönngren A, Karjalainen S, Rasilainen M, Leinonen J, Huitti T, Jääskeläinen J, Kouri M, Savolainen S, Heikkinen S. 1H MRS studies in the Finnish boron neutron capture therapy project: detection of 10B-carrier, L-p-boronophenylalanine-fructose. Eur J Radiol 2006; 56:154-9. [PMID: 16233888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 03/05/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the current status of 1H MRS in detecting and quantifying a boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) boron carrier, L-p-boronophenylalanine-fructose (BPA-F) in vivo in the Finnish BNCT project. The applicability of 1H MRS to detect BPA-F is evaluated and discussed in a typical situation with a blood containing resection cavity within the gross tumour volume (GTV). 1H MRS is not an ideal method to study BPA concentration in GTV with blood in recent resection cavity. For an optimal identification of BPA signals in the in vivo 1H MR spectrum, both pre- and post-infusion 1H MRS should be performed. The post-infusion spectroscopy studies should be scheduled either prior to or, less optimally, immediately after the BNCT. The pre-BNCT MRS is necessary in order to utilise the MRS results in the actual dose planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Timonen
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Bendel P, Margalit R, Koudinova N, Salomon Y. Noninvasive quantitative in vivo mapping and metabolism of boronophenylalanine (BPA) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging. Radiat Res 2005; 164:680-7. [PMID: 16238447 DOI: 10.1667/rr3450.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
10B-enriched L-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is one of the compounds used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this study, several variations of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) were applied to investigate the uptake, clearance and metabolism of the BPA-fructose complex (BPA-F) in normal mouse kidneys, rat oligodendroglioma xenografts, and rat blood. Localized 1H MRS was capable of following the uptake and clearance of BPA-F in mouse kidneys with temporal resolution of a few minutes, while 1H MRSI was used to image the BPA distribution in the kidney with a spatial resolution of 9 mm3. The results also revealed significant dissociation of the BPA-F complex to free BPA. This finding was corroborated by 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy of rat blood samples as well as of tumor samples excised from mice after i.v. injection of BPA-F. This investigation demonstrates the feasibility of using 1H MRS and MRSI to follow the distribution of BPA in vivo, using NMR techniques specifically designed to optimize BPA detection. The implementation of such procedures could significantly improve the clinical efficacy of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bendel
- Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Ristori S, Oberdisse J, Grillo I, Donati A, Spalla O. Structural characterization of cationic liposomes loaded with sugar-based carboranes. Biophys J 2005; 88:535-47. [PMID: 15489297 PMCID: PMC1305031 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.049080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we report the physicochemical characterization of cationic liposomes loaded with orthocarborane and two of its sugar-containing derivatives. Carboranes are efficient boron delivery agents in boron neutron capture therapy, an anti-cancer treatment based on neutron absorption by 10B nuclei. Cationic liposomes were prepared using the positively charged DOTAP and the zwitterionic DOPE, as a helper lipid. These liposomes are currently used in gene therapy for their ability in targeting the cell nucleus; therefore they can be considered appropriate vectors for boron neutron capture therapy, in the quest of reducing the high boron amount that is necessary for successful cancer treatment. Boron uptake was determined by an original in situ method, based on neutron absorption. The structural properties of the loaded liposomes were studied in detail by the combined use of small angle x-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering. These techniques established the global shape and size of liposomes and their bilayer composition. The results were discussed in term of molecular properties of the hosted drugs. Differences found in the insertion modality were correlated with the preparation procedure or with the specific shape and lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of each carborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ristori
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Martini S, Ristori S, Pucci A, Bonechi C, Becciolini A, Martini G, Rossi C. Boronphenylalanine insertion in cationic liposomes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Biophys Chem 2004; 111:27-34. [PMID: 15450372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 03/28/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes are widely used as carriers of biomolecules specifically targeted to the cell nucleus. p-Boronphenylalanine (BPA) is a powerful anti-tumor agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). In this paper, (1)H and (13)C NMR was used to study the insertion of BPA in mixed liposomes, made up by the positively charged 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and the zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The boronated drug was distributed between the water phase and the liposomes. The location site of BPA into the lipid bilayer was investigated and the boron-substituted aromatic ring was found inserted in the hydrophobic region, whereas the amino acidic group was oriented towards the aqueous environment. Further information was given by proton spin-lattice relaxation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martini
- Department of Chemical and Biosystem Sciences, University of Siena Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Munck af Rosenschöld PM, Capala J, Ceberg CP, Giusti V, Salford LG, Persson BRR. Quality assurance of patient dosimetry in boron neutron capture therapy. Acta Oncol 2004; 43:404-11. [PMID: 15303503 DOI: 10.1080/02841860410031390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The verification of the correctness of planned and executed treatments is imperative for safety in radiotherapy. The purpose of the present work is to describe and evaluate the quality assurance (QA) procedures for patient dosimetry implemented at the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facility at Studsvik, Sweden. The dosimetric complexity of the mixed neutron-photon field during BNCT suggests a careful verification of routine procedures, specifically the treatment planning calculations. In the present study, two methods for QA of patient dosimetry are presented. The first is executed prior to radiotherapy and involves an independent check of the planned absorbed dose to be delivered to a point in the patient for each treatment field. The second QA procedure involves in vivo dosimetry measurements using post-treatment activation analysis. Absorbed dose conversion factors taking the difference in material composition and geometry of the patient and the PMMA phantom used for reference dosimetry were determined using the Monte Carlo method. The agreement of the QA procedure prior to radiotherapy reveals an acceptably small deviation for 60 treatment fields of +/-4.2% (1 SD), while the in vivo dosimetry method presented may benefit from improvements, as the deviations observed were quite substantial (+/- 12%, 1 SD), and were unlikely to be due to actual errors in the clinical dosimetry
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Kouri M, Kankaanranta L, Seppälä T, Tervo L, Rasilainen M, Minn H, Eskola O, Vähätalo J, Paetau A, Savolainen S, Auterinen I, Jääskeläinen J, Joensuu H. Undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma may respond to single-fraction boron neutron capture therapy. Radiother Oncol 2004; 72:83-5. [PMID: 15236879 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A large, rapidly progressing, unresectable undifferentiated sinonasal head and neck carcinoma regressed rapidly following single fraction boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The main toxicity consisted of mucositis lasting for a few days. The quality of life improved and was excellent until tumour recurrence 6 months after the date of BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauri Kouri
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 180, FIN-00029 HUCH, Finland
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Kiger WS, Palmer MR, Riley KJ, Zamenhof RG, Busse PM. Pharamacokinetic modeling for boronophenylalanine-fructose mediated neutron capture therapy: 10B concentration predictions and dosimetric consequences. J Neurooncol 2003; 62:171-86. [PMID: 12749712 DOI: 10.1007/bf02699943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A two-compartment open model has been developed for predicting 10B concentrations in blood following intravenous infusion of the L-p-boronophenylalanine-fructose complex in humans and derived from pharmacokinetic studies of 24 patients in Phase I clinical trials of boron neutron capture therapy. The 10B concentration profile in blood exhibits a characteristic rise during the infusion to a peak of approximately 32 microg/g (for infusion of 350 mg/kg over 90 min) followed by a biexponential disposition profile with harmonic mean half-lives of 0.32 +/- 0.08 and 8.2 +/- 2.7 h, most likely due to redistribution and primarily renal elimination, respectively. The mean model rate constants k12, k21, and k10 are (mean +/- SD) 0.0227 +/- 0.0064 min(-1), 0.0099 +/- 0.0027 min(-1), 0.0052 +/- 0.0016 min(-1), respectively, and the central compartment volume of distribution V1 is 0.235 +/- 0.042 L/kg. In anticipation of the initiation of clinical trials using an intense neutron beam with concomitantly short irradiations, the ability of this model to predict, in advance, the average blood 10B concentration during brief irradiations was simulated in a retrospective analysis of the pharmacokinetic data from these patients. The prediction error for blood boron concentration and its effect on simulated dose delivered for each irradiation field are reported for three different prediction strategies. In this simulation, error in delivered dose (or, equivalently, neutron fluence) for a given single irradiation field resulting from error in predicted blood 10B concentration was limited to less than 10%. In practice, lower dose errors can be achieved by delivering each field in two fractions (on two separate days) and by adjusting the second fraction's dose to offset error in the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kiger
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Joensuu H, Kankaanranta L, Seppälä T, Auterinen I, Kallio M, Kulvik M, Laakso J, Vähätalo J, Kortesniemi M, Kotiluoto P, Serén T, Karila J, Brander A, Järviluoma E, Ryynänen P, Paetau A, Ruokonen I, Minn H, Tenhunen M, Jääskeläinen J, Färkkilä M, Savolainen S. Boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors: clinical trials at the finnish facility using boronophenylalanine. J Neurooncol 2003; 62:123-34. [PMID: 12749708 DOI: 10.1007/bf02699939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two clinical trials are currently running at the Finnish dedicated boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) facility. Between May 1999 and December 2001, 18 patients with supratentorial glioblastoma were treated with boronophenylalanine (BPA)-based BNCT within a context of a prospective clinical trial (protocol P-01). All patients underwent prior surgery, but none had received conventional radiotherapy or cancer chemotherapy before BNCT. BPA-fructose was given as 2-h infusion at BPA-dosages ranging from 290 to 400 mg/kg prior to neutron beam irradiation, which was given as a single fraction from two fields. The average planning target volume dose ranged from 30 to 61 Gy (W), and the average normal brain dose from 3 to 6 Gy (W). The treatment was generally well tolerated, and none of the patients have died during the first months following BNCT. The estimated 1-year overall survival is 61%. In another trial (protocol P-03), three patients with recurring or progressing glioblastoma following surgery and conventional cranial radiotherapy to 50-60 Gy, were treated with BPA-based BNCT using the BPA dosage of 290 mg/kg. The average planning target dose in these patients was 25-29 Gy (W), and the average whole brain dose 2-3 Gy (W). All three patients tolerated brain reirradiation with BNCT, and none died during the first three months following BNCT. We conclude that BPA-based BNCT has been relatively well tolerated both in previously irradiated and unirradiated glioblastoma patients. Efficacy comparisons with conventional photon radiation are difficult due to patient selection and confounding factors such as other treatments given, but the results support continuation of clinical research on BPA-based BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Kulvik M, Vähätalo J, Buchar E, Färkkilä M, Järviluoma E, Jääskeläinen J, Kriz O, Laakso J, Rasilainen M, Ruokonen I, Kallio M. Clinical implementation of 4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine synthesised by an asymmetric pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2003; 18:155-63. [PMID: 12594009 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental therapeutic modality combining a boron pharmaceutical with neutron irradiation. 4-Dihydroxyborylphenylalanine (L-BPA) synthesised via the asymmetric pathway by Malan and Morin [Synlett. 167-168 (1996)] was developed to be the boron containing pharmaceutical in the first series of Finnish BNCT clinical trials. The final product was >98.5% chemically pure L-BPA with L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine as the residual impurities. The solubility of L-BPA was enhanced by complex formation with fructose (BPA-F). The pH and osmolarity of the BPA-F preparation is in the physiological range. Careful attention was given to the pharmaceutical quality of the BPA-F preparations. Prior to starting clinical trials the acute toxicity of L-BPA was studied in male albino Sprague-Dawley rats. In accordance with earlier studies no adverse effects were observed. After completion of the development work L-BPA solution was administered to brain tumour patients in conjunction with clinical studies for development and testing of BPA-based BNCT. No clinically significant adverse events attributable to the L-BPA i.v. infusions were observed. We conclude that our synthesis development, complementary preclinical and clinical observations justify the safe use of L-BPA up to clinical phase III studies with L-BPA produced by the asymmetric pathway, originally presented by Malan and Morin in 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Kulvik
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 220, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Kabalka GW, Yao ML. Synthesis of a novel boronated 1-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid as a potential boron neutron capture therapy agent. Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morris GM, Micca PL, Nawrocky MM, Weissfloch LE, Coderre JA. Long-term infusions of p-boronophenylalanine for boron neutron capture therapy: evaluation using rat brain tumor and spinal cord models. Radiat Res 2002; 158:743-52. [PMID: 12452777 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0743:ltiopb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rat 9L gliosarcoma cells infiltrating the normal brain have been shown previously to accumulate only approximately 30% as much boron as the intact tumor after administration of the boronated amino acid p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Long-term i.v. infusions of BPA were shown previously to increase the boron content of these infiltrating tumor cells significantly. Experiments to determine whether this improved BPA distribution into infiltrating tumor cells after a long-term i.v. infusion improves tumor control after BNCT in this brain tumor model and whether it has any deleterious effects in the response of the rat spinal cord to BNCT are the subjects of the present report. BPA was administered in a fructose solution at a dose of 650 mg BPA/kg by single i.p. injection or by i.v. infusion for 2 h or 6 h, at 330 mg BPA/kg h(-1). At 1 h after the end of either the 2-h or the 6-h infusion, the CNS:blood (10)B partition ratio was 0.9:1. At 3 h after the single i.p. injection, the ratio was 0.6:1. After spinal cord irradiations, the ED(50) for myeloparesis was 14.7 +/- 0.4 Gy after i.p. administration of BPA and 12.9 +/- 0.3 Gy in rats irradiated after a 6-h i.v. infusion of BPA; these values were significantly different (P < 0.001). After irradiation with 100 kVp X rays, the ED(50) was 18.6 +/- 0.1 Gy. The boron compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factors calculated for the boron neutron capture dose component were 1.2 +/- 0.1 for the i.p. BPA administration protocol and 1.5 +/- 0.1 after irradiation using the 6-h i.v. BPA infusion protocol (P < 0.05). In the rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model, the blood boron concentrations at 1 h after the end of the 2-h infusion (330 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 15) or after the 6-h infusion (190 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 13) were 18.9 +/- 2.2 microg 10B/g and 20.7 +/- 1.8 microg 10B/g, respectively. The irradiation times were adjusted individually, based on the preirradiation blood sample, to deliver a predicted 50% tumor control dose of 8.2 Gy ( approximately 30 photon-equivalent Gy) to all tumors. In the present study, the long-term survival was approximately 50% and was not significantly different between the 2-h and the 6-h infusion groups. The mode of BPA administration and the time between administration and irradiation influence the 10B partition ratio between the CNS and the blood, which in turn influences the measured CBE factor. These findings underline the need for clinical biodistribution studies to be carried out to establish 10B partition ratios as a key component in the evaluation of modified administration protocols involving BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Morris
- Research Institute (University of Oxford), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
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