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Choe JH, Kim BC. Association of blood glucose, blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, muscle metabolites, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. Meat Sci 2014; 97:137-42. [PMID: 24576772 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of blood glucose levels with blood lactate, serum cortisol levels, postmortem muscle glycogen and lactate content, muscle fiber type composition, and pork quality traits. Compared to pigs with lower blood glucose levels, pigs with higher blood glucose levels showed higher blood lactate and serum cortisol levels at exsanguination, and they had lower residual glycogen and higher lactate content in the muscle at 45min postmortem. In addition, pigs with higher blood glucose levels had higher type IIB and lower type I area composition and finally exhibited lower muscle pH, paler color, and excessive loss of fluid on surface. These results imply that measuring blood glucose levels at exsanguination can be useful to indicate early glycolytic rates during postmortem and thus may be of value in the identification of pork with undesirable quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choe
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - B C Kim
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Exploring the unknowns involved in the transformation of muscle to meat. Meat Sci 2013; 95:837-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Micklander E, Christine Bertram H, Marnø H, Søvad Bak L, Jørgen Andersen H, Balling Engelsen S, Nørgaard L. Early post-mortem discrimination of water-holding capacity in pig longissimus muscle using new ultrasound method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2004.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stress reactions at slaughter and meat quality in pigs: genetic background and prior experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bertram HC, Whittaker AK, Andersen HJ, Karlsson AH. The use of simultaneous 1H & 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements to characterize energy metabolism during the conversion of muscle to meat. Int J Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bertram HC, Hu JZ, Rommereim DN, Wind RA, Andersen HJ. Dynamic high-resolution 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and 1H T2 measurements in postmortem rabbit muscles using slow magic angle spinning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2681-2688. [PMID: 15113176 DOI: 10.1021/jf030614y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem changes in rabbit muscle tissue with different glycogen status (normal vs low) were followed continuously from 13 min postmortem until 8 h postmortem and again 20 h postmortem using simultaneous magic angle spinning (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy together with measurement of the transverse relaxation time, T(2), of the muscle water. The (1)H metabolite spectra were measured using the phase-altered spinning sidebands (PASS) technique at a spinning rate of 40 Hz. pH values calculated from the (31)P NMR spectra using the chemical shifts of the C-6 line of histidine in the (1)H spectra and the chemical shifts of inorganic phosphate in the (31)P spectra confirmed the different muscle glycogen status in the tissues. High-resolution (1)H spectra obtained from the PASS technique revealed the presence of a new resonance line at approximately 6.8 ppm during the postmortem period, which were absent in muscles with low muscle glycogen content. This new resonance line may originate from the aminoprotons in creatine, and its appearance may be a result of a pH effect on the exchange rate between the amino and the water protons and thereby the NMR visibility. Alternatively, the new resonance line may originate from the aromatic protons in tyrosine, and its appearance may be a result of a pH-induced protein unfolding exposing hydrophobic amino acid residues to the aqueous environment. Further studies are needed to evaluate these hypotheses. Finally, distributed analysis of the water T(2) relaxation data revealed three relaxation populations and an increase in the population believed to reflect extramyofibrillar water through the postmortem period. This increase was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in samples from animals with low muscle glycogen content, indicating that the pH is controlling the extent of postmortem expulsion of water from myofibrillar structures. The significance of the postmortem increase in the amount extramyofibrillar water on the water-holding capacity was verified by centrifugation, which showed a reduced centrifugation loss in muscles with low preslaughter glycogen status (0.9 vs 1.9%, p = 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Research Center Foulum, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Bertram HC. Field gradient CPMG applied on postmortem muscles. Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 22:557-63. [PMID: 15120176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As a new approach, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiments were performed in vitro on porcine muscles (n = 10) during the period from 15 min to 85 min postmortem and again at 24 h postmortem in the absence (G = 0) and the presence of an external field gradient (G = 0.5*10(-3) T/m), which was applied throughout the CPMG sequence. The experiments were performed on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) equipment (0.47 T). Due to the inclusion of different pre-slaughter treatments (adrenaline treatment and pre-slaughter exercise/electrical stunning), the muscles could be divided into (I) a group (n = 5) characterized by a reduced decrease in pH postmortem and a high water-holding capacity and (II) a group (n = 5) characterized by an increased rate of pH decrease postmortem and a low water-holding capacity. Distributed analysis of the CPMG data revealed two major relaxation populations with relaxation times about 30-40 and 200-500 ms, respectively, and comparison of data obtained with G = 0 and G = 0.5*10(-3) T/m revealed effects of the external gradient on the relaxation time of both the two relaxation populations, which implies that both diffusion and relaxation contributes to the relaxation of the two populations. At 24 h postmortem the effect of the external field gradient on the relaxation time was significantly affected by muscle group (I vs. II), which reveals local differences in water diffusion in the two meat qualities. Finally, the discriminatory power with regard to muscle group (I vs. II) was investigated for data acquired with G = 0 and G = F = 0.5*10(-3) T/m, and both the two types of data were found highly suitable for separation of muscles according to meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark.
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Bertram HC, Whittaker AK, Andersen HJ, Karlsson AH. pH Dependence of the progression in NMR T(2) relaxation times in post-mortem muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:4072-4078. [PMID: 12822949 DOI: 10.1021/jf020968+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Continuous NMR T(2) relaxation measurements were carried out on seven rabbit longissimus muscle samples in the period from 25 min to 28 h post-mortem at 200 MHz for (1)H. To display differences in post-mortem pH progress and extent of changes in water characteristics during conversion of muscle to meat, three of the seven animals were pre-slaughter injected with adrenaline (0.5 mg/kg live weight 4 h before sacrifice) to differentiate muscle glycogen stores at the time of slaughter. Distributed analysis of T(2) data displayed clear differences in the characteristics of the various transverse relaxation components dependent on progress in pH, as did the water-holding capacity of samples 24 h post-mortem. This reveals a pronounced effect of the progressive change in pH on the subsequent development in physical/chemical states of water during the conversion of muscle to meat. Finally, the relaxation characteristics are discussed in relation to supposed post-mortem processes of protein denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Byrne D, Bredie W, Bak L, Bertelsen G, Martens H, Martens M. Sensory and chemical analysis of cooked porcine meat patties in relation to warmed-over flavour and pre-slaughter stress. Meat Sci 2001; 59:229-49. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2000] [Revised: 02/12/2001] [Accepted: 02/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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BYRNE DEREKV, BAK LONES, BREDIE WENDERL, BERTELSEN CRETE, MARTENS MAGNI. DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSORY VOCABULARY FOR WARMED-OVER FLAVOR: PART I. IN PORCINE MEAT. J SENS STUD 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-459x.1999.tb00104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Groot Koerkamp PW, Bleijenberg R. Effect of type of aviary, manure and litter handling on the emission kinetics of ammonia from layer houses. Br Poult Sci 1998; 39:379-92. [PMID: 9693819 DOI: 10.1080/00071669888935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. An experiment with laying hens of 16 to 36 weeks of age was carried out to investigate differences in ammonia emission between 3 commercially available aviary housing systems and the additional effect of manure and litter handling. 2. Ammonia emission from Tiered Wire Floor (TWF), Natura and Boleg aviary systems increased rapidly from placement of the hens to a peak at 20 weeks of age and showed respective equilibrium level at 11.55, 11.24 (N.S. compared to TWF) and 14.55 (P < 0.001 compared to TWF) mg ammonia per h per hen. 3. Emission increased by 5.6% on the first day and 11% on subsequent days after removal of the manure on the belts. The litter layer increased up to about 7 cm; removal of 6.5 cm reduced emission by 20%. 4. Ammonia concentrations varied between 1 and 16 ppm, while ventilation rates were between 1 and 4 m3/h per hen to maintain inside temperature at about 22 degrees C. 5. About 82% of the droppings produced by the hens was found on the belts, either directly deposited there, or put there as litter material. The composition of the manure on the belts and the litter, a sand-droppings mixture, changed significantly during the first part of the laying cycle and differences were found between the 3 aviary systems with respect to the DM, pH, ash, Nkjeldahl and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen concentration. 6. The changes in time and differences between the 3 systems in ammonia emissions and manure and litter composition were related to design of the systems, behaviour of the hens and degradation (of nitrogenous components) and volatilisation processes (water and ammonia).
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Groot Koerkamp
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (IMAG-DLO), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Influence of temperature variation on the metabolism of pig muscle in situ and after excision. Meat Sci 1995; 40:149-58. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(94)00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/1994] [Revised: 08/20/1994] [Accepted: 08/24/1994] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Fernandez X, Tornberg E. The influence of high post-mortem temperature and differing ultimate pH on the course of rigor and ageing in pig Longissimus dorsi muscle. Meat Sci 1994; 36:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(94)90131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/1992] [Revised: 12/03/1992] [Accepted: 12/05/1992] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Fernandez X, Forslid A, Mågård M, Möller B, Tornberg E. Effect of time between adrenaline injection and slaughter on the rate and extent of post-mortem metabolism in porcine skeletal muscle. Meat Sci 1992; 31:287-98. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(92)90059-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/1991] [Revised: 04/12/1991] [Accepted: 04/20/1991] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martin IK, Christopher MJ, Alford FP, Best JD. Distinct but nonadditive effects of epinephrine and cortisol on determinants of glucose tolerance in dogs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1991; 260:E148-53. [PMID: 1987788 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.1.e148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effects of physiological increments of epinephrine (Epi) and cortisol (F) on glucose metabolism were assessed in dogs just before and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test performed in the last 3 h of an acute (short F + Epi, 4 h F and 3.5 h Epi) or prolonged (long F + Epi, 75 h F and Epi) infusion period. Comparison of the F + Epi effects with those of F and Epi alone enabled us to describe interactions between these hormones. The increase in plasma glucose after long F + Epi [from control (saline, Sal) of 5.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l; n = 8; P less than 0.01] was not greater than the sum of the glucose increments after long F and long Epi individually. Long Epi and long F both reduced glucose tolerance (KGlc) significantly, but the decline during long F + Epi (from Sal 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 2.9 +/- 0.5%/min; P greater than 0.1) was less than during either individual infusion. Minimal model analysis showed that F attenuated the inhibitory effects of long Epi on glucose-mediated glucose disposal (SGlc), so that it was not reduced from 3.8 +/- 0.8 (Sal) during long F + Epi compared with the fall to 1.3 +/- 0.7 x 10(-2) min-1 (n = 6; P less than 0.05) during long Epi alone. F had the dominant influence on insulin sensitivity (SI) during infusion of F + Epi. The reduction of SI from 8.4 +/- 1.1 (Sal) to 6.6 +/- 1.2 (short F + Epi) and 5.1 +/- 1.1 x 10(-4) min-1 per mU/l (long F + Epi; P less than 0.05) paralleled that seen with F alone but contrasted with the acute reduction of SI during short Epi (4.8 +/- 1.5; P less than 0.02 vs. Sal) and its restoration to control values of 9.0 +/- 2.1 x 10(-4) min-1 per mU/l during long Epi. We conclude that Epi and F have distinct but nonadditive effects on determinants of glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Martin
- Endocrine Unit, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Use of perfused isolated muscle, as studied by 31P NMR, to investigate metabolism and post-mortem changes. Meat Sci 1991; 30:327-36. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(91)90041-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/1990] [Revised: 11/20/1990] [Accepted: 11/22/1990] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Warriss P. The handling of cattle pre-slaughter and its effects on carcass and meat quality. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1591(90)90052-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bendall J, Swatland H. A review of the relationships of pH with physical aspects of pork quality. Meat Sci 1988; 24:85-126. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(88)90052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1988] [Accepted: 09/14/1988] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Horgan DJ. Effects of muscle pH on pressure-induced changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Meat Sci 1987; 19:285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/0309-1740(87)90075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/1986] [Revised: 01/05/1987] [Accepted: 02/06/1987] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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BIBLIOGRAPHY. Meat Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030789-3.50020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tarrant PV, Lacourt A. Effect of glucocorticoid, insulin and glucose treatment on muscle glycogen content in stressed young bulls. THE BRITISH VETERINARY JOURNAL 1984; 140:337-46. [PMID: 6380641 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1935(84)90124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Energy metabolism of skeletal muscle containing cyclocreatine phosphate. Delay in onset of rigor mortis and decreased glycogenolysis in response to ischemia or epinephrine. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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FRONING G, BABJI A, MATHER F. The Effect of Preslaughter Temperature, Stress, Struggle and Anesthetization on Color and Textural Characteristics of Turkey Muscle. Poult Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.0570630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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MA RTI, ADDIS PB. THE ASSOCIATION OF STRUGGLE DURING EXSANGUINATION TO GLYCOLYSIS, PROTEIN SOLUBILITY AND SHEAR IN TURKEY PECTORALIS MUSCLE. J Food Sci 1973. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bendall JR, Taylor AA. The Meyerhof quotient and the synthesis of glycogen from lactate in frog and rabbit muscle. Biochem J 1970; 118:887-93. [PMID: 5476732 PMCID: PMC1179301 DOI: 10.1042/bj1180887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. The conversion of lactate into glycogen was demonstrated in frog sartorius muscle in oxygen. The rates and amounts are highest when lactate is added to the bathing medium and are dependent on lactate and CO(2) concentration, as well as pH. The glycogen content of a resting muscle can be doubled in 4h at 24 degrees C. 2. Sartorius muscle, recovering aerobically in liquid paraffin from a period of anoxia, converts preformed lactate into glycogen at a lower rate and in smaller amounts than when lactate is added in an aqueous medium. The lower rates are similar to those Meyerhof found under the same conditions, after correction for temperature; they can be attributed partly to low muscle pH and partly to the limited amounts of lactate present. 3. Rabbit psoas muscle also shows the ability to convert added lactate into glycogen under aerobic conditions. The rates are low and similar to those in frog sartorius muscle recovering from anoxia. 4. The present experiments yield a Meyerhof quotient of 6.2, compared with Meyerhof's value of 4-5. However, these values are not significantly different from one another. 5. It is suggested that the glycogen coefficient, i.e. mol of glycogen formed/mol of lactate disappearing, is a more reliable way of assessing the resynthetic mechanism than the original quotient, i.e. mol of lactate disappearing/mol of lactate oxidized. The found coefficient is 0.419+/-0.024.
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ABERLE ED, MERKEL RA. Physical and Biochemical Properties of Porcine Muscle as Affected by Exogenous Epinephrine and Prednisolone. J Food Sci 1968. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krzywicki K, Ratcliff PW. The phospholipids of pork muscle, and their relation to the post-mortem rate of glycolysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1967; 18:252-257. [PMID: 6074462 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740180607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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28
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�ber die Beeinflussung von Todeszeitbestimmungen und F�ulnisvorg�ngen durch Pharmaka. Int J Legal Med 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00576901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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BRISKEY EJ. Etiological Status and Associated Studies of Pale, Soft, Exudative Porcine Musculature. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH VOLUME 13 1964; 13:89-178. [PMID: 14283271 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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