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Das A, Manohar M, Shahi VK. Cation-Exchange Membrane with Low Frictional Coefficient and High Limiting Current Density for Energy-Efficient Water Desalination. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10331-10340. [PMID: 31459161 PMCID: PMC6645096 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and phosphorylated graphene oxide (PGO) composite of a cation-exchange membrane with low frictional coefficient and high limiting current density has been reported for water desalination by rapid electrodialysis. The incorporation of PGO in the membrane matrix showed a significant impact on the macroscopic properties, counterion frictional coefficient, and performance of the membrane. A well-optimized SPEEK/PGO-8 (8% PGO content, w/w) membrane showed improved conductivity (4.15 × 10-2 S cm-1) and permselectivity (87%), and excellent stabilities (thermal, mechanical, and chemical) because of cherished polymer-PGO (filler) interaction via H-bonding. The efficiency of the SPEEK/PGO-8 membrane was also evaluated for the desalination of brackish water near limiting current density (I lim). Ion concentration polarization (ICP) was assessed by i-V curves, and below I lim, water splitting or change in product water pH was ruled out. While above I lim (10.5 mA cm-2), ICP was significant and could be finally tuned with applied current density for producing desalinated water with a desired pH. Furthermore, improved I lim, high current efficiency (82.9%), and low energy consumption (7.9 kWh kg-1 of the salt removed) of the SPEEK/PGO-8 membrane during electrodialysis provide a broad current window for efficient and rapid water desalination/purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam
K. Das
- Electro-Membrane
Processes Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Electro-Membrane
Processes Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod K. Shahi
- Electro-Membrane
Processes Division and Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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Davidson MT, Greving TA, McHale WA, Latta MA, Gross SM. Ion permeable microcapsules for the release of biologically available ions for remineralization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:665-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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EL Sayed AM, Yamasaki S, Yamauchi A. Effect of functional group of ferrocene redox substance on the transport properties of newly designed ion exchange membrane prepared from polymer gel. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Electrochemical behavior of new designed ion exchange membrane prepared from polymer gel in contact with redox substances: I. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nagarale RK, Gohil GS, Shahi VK. Recent developments on ion-exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 119:97-130. [PMID: 16325751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth of chemical and biotechnology in diversified areas fuels the demand for the need of reliable green technologies for the down stream processes, which include separation, purification and isolation of the molecules. Ion-exchange membrane technologies are non-hazardous in nature and being widely used not only for separation and purification but their application also extended towards energy conversion devices, storage batteries and sensors etc. Now there is a quite demand for the ion-exchange membrane with better selectivities, less electrical resistance, high chemical, mechanical and thermal stability as well as good durability. A lot of work has been done for the development of these types of ion-exchange membranes during the past twenty-five years. Herein we have reviewed the preparation of various types of ion-exchange membranes, their characterization and applications for different electro-membrane processes. Primary attention has been given to the chemical route used for the membrane preparation. Several general reactions used for the preparation of ion-exchange membranes were described. Methodologies used for the characterization of these membranes and their applications were also reviewed for the benefit of readers, so that they can get all information about the ion-exchange membranes at one platform. Although there are large number of reports available regarding preparations and applications of ion-exchange membranes more emphasis were predicted for the usefulness of these membranes or processes for solving certain type of industrial or social problems. More efforts are needed to bring many products or processes to pilot scale and extent their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Nagarale
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
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Hirao K, Yamauchi A, El Sayed AM. Material transport properties of polymer–gel composite-charged mosaic membrane with and without reinforcement [II]. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Micellar-enhanced electrodialysis: Influence of surfactants on the transport properties of ion-exchange membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nagarale RK, Gohil GS, Shahi VK, Trivedi GS, Rangarajan R. Preparation and electrochemical characterization of cation- and anion-exchange/polyaniline composite membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 277:162-71. [PMID: 15276053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Composite membranes were prepared by chemical polymerization of a thin layer of polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of a high oxidant concentration on a single face of a sulfonated cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and quaternary aminated anion-exchange membrane (AEM). IR and SEM studies for both types of membranes confirmed PANI loading on the ion-exchange membranes. PANI composite ion-exchange membranes were characterized as a function of the polymerization time by ion-exchange capacity, coating density, and membrane conductance measurements. Membrane potential measurements were performed in various electrolyte solutions in order to observe the selectivity of these membranes for different types of counterions. Membrane potential data in conjunction with membrane conductance data was interpreted on the basis of frictional considerations between membrane matrix and solute. Electrodialysis experiments, using PANI composite ion-exchange membranes with 4 h polymerization time, were performed in single and mixed electrolyte solutions for observing electromigration of solute across PANI composite ion-exchange membranes. Relative dialytic rates of Na(2)SO(4), CaCl(2), and CuCl(2) were estimated with reference to NaCl on the basis of electrodialysis experiments and it was concluded that it is possible to separate different electrolytes using PANI composite ion-exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Nagarale
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
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Yamauchi A, Togami K, Chaudry AM, Sayed AMEL. Characterization of charged film of fluorocarbon polymer (Nafion) and blended fluorocarbon polymer (Nafion)/Collodion composite membranes by electrochemical methods in the presence of redox substances. V. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nagarale R, Shahi VK, Rangarajan R. Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol–silica hybrid heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes by sol–gel method and their characterization. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagarale R, Gohil G, Shahi VK, Rangarajan R. Preparation and electrochemical characterizations of cation-exchange membranes with different functional groups. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagarale RK, Gohil GS, Shahi VK, Rangarajan R. Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Membrane: Thermally Stable Cation-Exchange Membrane Prepared by the Sol−Gel Method. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048404p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Nagarale
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - G. S. Gohil
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod K. Shahi
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - R. Rangarajan
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
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Shahi VK, Trivedi GS, Thampy SK, Rangarajan R. Studies on the electrochemical and permeation characteristics of asymmetric charged porous membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 262:566-73. [PMID: 16256639 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2002] [Accepted: 01/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric charged porous membranes were prepared by imbedding 10% (W/W) ion-exchange resin in cellulose acetate binder. Membrane potential and conductance measurements have been carried out in sodium chloride solutions at different concentrations to investigate the relationship between concentration of fixed charges and electrochemical properties of developed nonselective cation- and anion-exchange membranes. Counterion transport number and permselectivity of these membranes were found to vary due to the presence of ion-exchange resin. The hydrodynamic and electroosmotic permeability of sodium chloride solutions has been studied in order to compute equivalent pore radius. For cation- and anion-exchange membranes good agreement was observed between pore radius values estimated from hydrodynamic and electroosmotic permeability coefficient separately, while for nonselective membranes no correlation was found. Membrane conductance data, along with values of concentration of fixed charges, were used for the estimation of the tortuosity factor, salt permeability coefficient, and frictional coefficient between solute and membrane matrix employing an interpretation by nonequilibrium thermodynamic principles based on frictional forces. Moreover, surface morphological studies of these membranes also have been carried out and the membranes were found to be reasonably homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Shahi
- Reactive Polymers Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364 002, India.
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Abstract
Several characteristics of a charged mosaic membrane with parallel array of negative and positive charges were investigated by using transport studies and the related analysis. From an analysis of the volume flux and salt flux based on irreversible thermodynamics, preferential salt transport across the charged mosaic membrane was clearly demonstrated. Additionally, transport properties of amino acids and sucrose through the charged mosaic membrane were estimated, relatively, on the basis of KCl transport. As a result, amino acid transport depends largely on the charged states and molecular weight; however, for sucrose transport, non-electrolyte was rejected under all experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamauchi
- Chemistry Division, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Fukuda T, Yang W, Yamauchi A. KCl transport mechanism across charged mosaic membrane in KCl–sucrose mixed system. J Memb Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(02)00506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fukuda T, Yamauchi A. Transport Behavior of Amino Acid across Charged Mosaic Membrane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Preparation and electrochemical characterization of sulfonated interpolymer of polyethylene and styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer membranes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(00)00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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