Evaluation of Four Elastomeric Interocclusal Recording Materials

Patel I, Poonia P, Sutaria B, Trivedi M, Mori S. Dimensional stability and surface hardness of inter-occlusal recording materials

It is important to choose the appropriate interocclusal registration material for precise articulation and successful dental prosthesis fabrication. 3 types of interocclusal registration materials: Bite registration wax, polyvinyl siloxane bite registration paste and Bisacryl-based bite registration paste were evaluated for dimensional stability and surface hardness at 4 different time intervals. One way ANOVA test, multiple Post Hoc Tukey HSD test and nonparametric test were performed. Bisacryl-based bite registration material exhibited better dimensional stability and surface hardness than polyvinyl siloxane and bite registration wax at all 4 time intervals. Thus dimensional stability and surface hardness of interocclusal registration material was influenced by both the type of material and the time duration.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Linear Dimensional Change and Compression Resistance of Four Elastomeric Interocclusal Recording Materials: An in vitro Study

The transfer of interocclusal data from the patient's mouth to articulators utilizing various types of recording media is necessary for the production of dental prostheses. Occlusal errors in the final prosthesis result from any discrepancies in these interocclusal records.

Materials and Methods

The purpose of this study was to assess the linear dimensional changes in the four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials as well as the material's resistance to compression during the cast mounting on the articulator.

Result

All four elastomeric materials showed decreasing stability over time and 2 mm thickness showed the highest compression resistance with minimal articulation error.

Conclusion

Dimensional stability depends on material and time factors, and compressive resistance decreases with increasing thickness.

Hybrid tracer - A modified novel extra oral tracer

Introduction

Gothic arch Tracing has been a common modality in the recording of centric jaw relation. There has been two ways of recording the gothic tracing. They are extra oral and intra oral tracing. Among the extra oral tracers hight tracers are the most used tracers.

Aim

Intra-oral and extra-oral tracers have a number of individual advantages and limitations. With the idea to overcome the short comings of both the tracers, hybrid tracers were made. Hybrid tracers could be a good alternative to the Hight-tracer in recording centric relation and can provide better clinical and teaching experience to the students.

Methodology

The hybrid tracer is a two-component assembly, upper and lower component. The upper component has a central bearing plate and stylus in continuation with the central bearing plate. The lower component has central bearing device with three central bearing points one anteriorly and two posteriorly, and it has a tracing platform (15 × 35 mm) in continuation with the central bearing device. The length of these upper and lower components ismade to confine within the incisal rod of semi adjustable articulator.

Result

hybrid tracers showed more accuracy while recording the centric jaw relation. There was more stability and equalization of pressure during the movement due to a tripod effect of three screws. Hence it provided more precise recording and being less technique sensitive. It was also more comfortable and acceptable by the patient.

Conclusion

hybrid tracers hence will provide more accuracy and precision in recording of horizontal jaw relation. This will in turn help in fabricating a successful prosthesis and enhance the well-being of the patient. This tracer will also be significant in institutions for educational purpose.

Clinical implication

Hybrid tracers are simple, non-technique sensitive, provide balance, equalization of pressure, stabilize the occlusal rims well, are close to the centre of rotation providing precise record and provide easy access and visibility to the operator which will help the operator in guiding the patient well for a correct jaw relation.

A new technique for testing accuracy and sensitivity of digital bite registration: A prospective comparative study

INTRODUCTION

Intraoral scanners (IOS) use certain algorithms to provide articulations of the upper and lower digital models. The study was primarily designed to test the accuracy and sensitivity of these virtual articulations. The secondary objective was to compare virtual occlusal recording to traditional methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of one hundred and sixty bite registrations (BR) were obtained from forty class I patients using four different methods. Samples were divided into four groups: Group 1: BR from wax, Group 2: BR from C type silicone, Group 3: BR from A type silicone, Group 4: Virtual BR created with Appliance Designer (Copenhagen, Denmark) software from the automatically articulated digital models. Traditional BRs of the first three groups were scanned and digitalized with IOS (3Shape TRIOS). Group 3 BRs were then taken as a reference and each of the BRs in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 4 were separately superimposed using Geomagic Control X. Numeric data such as Mpos (mean of positive deviations), Mneg (Mean of negative deviations), ITA (In total area), OTA (Out total area) were used in the comparison.

RESULTS

The values for OTA were: Group 1:57.0%, Group 2:28.4%, and Group 4:22.3% respectively. That meant a general deviation in thickness on nearly all of the occlusal registration surfaces. The Mpos values representing the discrepancy in thickness were Group 1:185.5μ, Group 2:82.7μ, and Group 4:72.2μ. The surface deviation of Group 1 was significantly different from the other groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

Virtual bite registrations could safely be used as an alternative to conventional BRs. The performance of wax as a bite registration material was far behind other methods.

Evaluation of the Elastic Properties of Thirteen Silicone Interocclusal Recording Materials

Background. Addition silicones are popular as dental impression materials and are used in bite registration procedures. Objective. This study aimed to compare the postsetting elasticities and other mechanical properties of thirteen addition silicone interocclusal recording materials. Materials and Methods. The following materials were investigated: Colorbite D, Futar D, Genie Bite, Jet Blue Bite fast, Memoreg 2, O-Bite, Occlufast Rock, Omni-Bite Plus, Regidur i, Registrado X-tra, Regofix transparent, StoneBite, and Variotime Bite. Thirty specimens of each material were tested. The elasticities and strengths of the materials were measured with a universal testing machine, and computer software was used to determine the E-moduli, ultimate tensile strengths, and ultimate elongations of the specimens. Results. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05). The statistics revealed that the mean E-modulus values varied significantly across the materials (p = 0.000) and were highest for the StoneBite and Registrado X-tra and lowest for the Regofix transparent. The ultimate tensile strengths were highest for the Regofix transparent and Registrado X-tra (p = 0.000) and lowest for the Jet Blue Bite fast and Memoreg 2 (p = 0.000). The elongation percentages at the point of breaking varied significantly across the materials (p = 0.000); the lowest value was observed for the StoneBite, whereas the Regofix transparent nearly doubled original length. Conclusions. The authors concluded that materials with the high E-moduli and great ultimate tensile strengths may be most useful clinically. Registrado X-tra and StoneBite best met these criteria.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Compression Resistance of Different Interocclusal Recording Materials: An In Vitro Study

Recording and transferring of accurate existing occlusal records is of prime importance for a successful restoration. An ideal occlusal registration material should provide minimal resistance to mandibular closure during the registration of maxillomandibular relationships. Interocclusal bite registration materials are partly responsible for accurate precision and occlusal quality of final prosthetic restorations when used for mounting casts on the articulators. The aim of selecting this study is to compare different types of recent interocclusal recording materials and to find the best among them which can resist a constant compressive load and will give the least inaccuracies. In the present study compressive resistance of four interocclusal recording materials viz. Imprint bite, Vitual refill, Jet bite and Ramitec at various thickness (2, 5, 10 and 20 mm) when subjected to a constant compressive load of 25 N was studied. The thickness of the interocclusal recoding materials were selected to simulate various clinical situations. For standardization, the specimens were stored at room temperature for 24 h to simulate the time between clinical and laboratory phases, N = 20 specimens from each group was selected (making a total sample size of N = 80). The SPSS version 17 has been used, two way ANOVA was applied to compare different types of recent interocclusal recording materials, p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 80 samples were fabricated. Results of two-way analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05) indicated that there was a significant difference in compressive resistance among the materials of each thickness. The 2 mm thickness specimens showed the least compression and 20 mm thickness specimen showed maximum compression under a constant load of 25 N for all the four materials tested. Virtual Refill bite registration material showed the least compression value than Imprint bite polyvinylsiloxane registration material, Ramitec polyether bite registration material and Jet bite polyvinylsiloxane registration material with negligible error of 0.04 mm found in 2 mm thickness. The results of foregoing study showed that Virtual refill having greater resistance to compression than other interocclusal recording material at various thickness. It exhibit minimal distortion during compression and give clinician the opportunity to make only minimal adjustments to the restorations that were delivered from the laboratory and avoid unnecessary use of chairtime, or repetition of some clinical and technical stages.

Evaluation and comparison of resistance to compression of various interocclusal recording media: an in vitro study

BACKGROUND

This in vitro study was conducted to compare the compression resistance of various interocclusal recording materials when subjected to a compressive load.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Each interocclusal recording material was manipulated according to the manufacturer instruction and placed into a metallic cylinder. A total of 20 specimens for each interocclusal recording material were made. A total 100 specimens were fabricated. Each specimen was placed in the Universal Testing Machine exerting pressure on it, and a force of 100 g/cm(2) was exerted on each sample. 30 s later the reading of the Universal Testing Machine was recorded using a vertical traveling micrometer microscope with an accuracy of ± 0.001 mm. This value was marked as reading "A." 60 s after the application of the first force (100 g/cm(2)), a second force of 1000 g/cm(2) was applied gradually during an interval of 10 s. 30 s later the reading of the Universal Testing Machine exerting pressure on the specimen was recorded again. This value was marked as reading "B." The difference between readings "A" and "B" recorded the compression to resistance of each material. Comparisons within the groups and between the groups were done by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.

RESULT

There was significant variation between all interocclusal bite registration materials. According to the mean valve of each interocclusal bite registration material, Polyvinylsiloxane Bite Registration Material have better resistance to compression followed by Polyether interocclusal bite registration material, Aluwax Bite, and Impression Wax, Modeling Wax and at last Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Paste.

CONCLUSION

Polyvinylsiloxane interocclusal registration material had the greatest resistance to compression. The least resistance to compression was noticed with zinc oxide-eugenol paste.

A comparative evaluation of dimensional stability of three types of interocclusal recording materials-an in-vitro multi-centre study

Background

The introduction of different interocclusal recording materials has put clinicians in dilemma that which material should be used in routine clinical practice for precise recording and transferring of accurate existing occlusal records for articulation of patient’s diagnostic or working casts in the fabrication of good satisfactory prosthesis. In the era of developing world of dentistry the different materials are introduced for interocclusal record with different brand names because of this; the utility of the material is confusing for successful delivery of prosthesis with lack of in vitro or in vivo studies which will predict the property of the material with utility recommendations.

Purpose of the study

The aim of this multicenter research is to evaluate the time dependent linear dimensional stability of three types of interocclusal recording materials; which gives very clear idea to clinicians in regard to its usage in routine practice and recommendations for usage of the different materials. Also to find out ideal time for articulation of three types of interocclusal recording materials with accuracy.

Materials and method

Commercially available and ADA approved Polyether bite registration paste (Ramitec), Poly vinyl siloxane bite registration paste (Jetbite) and Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) bite registration paste (Super bite) were used in the study.

A stainless steel die was made according to modified American dental Associations (ADA) specification no. 19. Each one of the tested materials were manipulated according to manufacturers’ instructions. The materials separated from die, 3-mins after their respective setting time, resulted in disks of standard diameter. Two parallel lines and three perpendicular lines reproduced on the surface. The distance between two parallel lines was measured at different time intervals i.e. 1 hour, 24, 48 and 72 hours by using travelling microscope (magnus) and compared with standard die measurements made according to ADA specification no.19 to find out the dimensional stability of these interocclusal recording materials. Total 120 samples were made for observation and results were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for comparison among groups at the 0.05 level of significance. After statistical analysis of the data, results were obtained and analyzed for interpretation.

Results

The results shows significant difference between the dimensional stability of all three material at different intervals with p-value <0.05. Comparatively the polyether bite registration material showed less distortion with good dimensional stability compared to Poly vinyl siloxane bite (Jetbite), Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE) bite (Super bite) at 1 hour, 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Conclusion

The dimensional stability decreased with increase in time and is influenced by both material factor and time factor. Polyether was found to be more dimensionally stable interocclusal recording material, which was followed by Silicone and Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE). The dimensional stability of Polyether was good. Zinc oxide eugenol is dimensionally more unstable when compared with polyether and polyvinyl siloxane. We recommend that the polyether interocclusal records must be articulated within 48 hours and Polyvinylsiloxane interocclusal records must be articulated within 24 hours and the ZOE should be articulated within 1 hour to get a correct restoration to have very minimum distortion and maximum satisfaction without failure of prosthesis.